Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Current Burden Of Steatotic Liver Disease And Fibrosis Among Adults In The United States, 2017-2023, Donghee Kim, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Rohit Loomba, Aijaz Ahmed

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background/aims: Multi-society experts proposed the adoption of new terminology, metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and steatotic liver disease (SLD). We studied the current prevalence of SLD and its subcategories in the US.

Methods: Using the recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2017 to 2023, we analyzed data from 12,199 participants (≥18 years) who completed transient elastography. SLD and its subcategories, including MASLD, metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), were categorized according to consensus nomenclature.

Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of SLD (cut-off: 285 dB/m) was 35.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33.4-36.7). Within this …

Statin Use Is Associated With Protection Against Acute Cholangitis In Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study, Chiraag Kulkarni, George Cholankeril, Touran Fardeen, Joseph Rathkey, Samir Khan, Soumya Murag, Robert Lerrigo, Ahmad Kamal, Ajitha Mannalithara, Prasun Jalal, Aijaz Ahmed, John Vierling, Aparna Goel, Sidhartha R Sinha

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are at increased risk of acute cholangitis. The epidemiological risks of cholangitis are poorly studied despite the high morbidity associated with this infection. The aim of this study was to understand the impact of statins on acute cholangitis in PSC.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study assessed data from 294 patients with PSC at Stanford Medical Center, Baylor Medical Center, and Valley Medical Center. Clinical factors associated with the development of cholangitis were identified using multivariable Cox regression.

Results: The patients were predominantly male (68.7%) with a median age at enrollment of 48 …

Communicating Blood Test Results In Primary Care: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review, Helen Nankervis, Alyson L Huntley, Penny Whiting, William Hamilton, Hardeep Singh, Sarah Dawson, Rachel O'Donnell, Jane Sprackman, Anna Ferguson Montague, Jessica Watson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Online records access, including test results, was rolled out as part of changes to the GP contract in England in 2023. Blood test result communication is important for patient-centred care, patient safety, and primary care workload. Evidence is needed to ensure that test results are communicated safely and efficiently to patients in primary care.

Aim: To summarise existing evidence for blood test result communication between primary care providers and their patients and carers.

Design and setting: A mixed-methods systematic review was undertaken.

Method: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 2013-September 2023. …

Insights Into Protection Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: Time To Officially Confirm Another Phenotype?, Todia P Setiabudiawan, Philip C Hill, Andrew R Dinardo, Reinout Van Crevel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Immune correlates of protection against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remain elusive. In this issue of the JCI, Dallmann-Sauer and authors demonstrate that lack of tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon γ release assay (IGRA) conversion among people with HIV despite years-long Mtb exposure is associated with alveolar lymphocytosis, including specific poly-cytotoxic T cells, and M1-type alveolar macrophages with a stronger ex vivo response to the pathogen. Studies in these rare individuals, termed "TB resisters" and in tuberculosis household contacts who are repeatedly IGRA negative in the months after a specific exposure event (known as "early clearers") help elucidate manipulatable …

Art Therapy: An Alternative Solution For Veterans Suffering From Trauma And Ptsd, Trisha Metcalf

SPARK Symposium Presentations

This project aims to explore artistic solutions to the psychological problems veterans face with re-entering society after serving time with the U.S. military. Art is one-way veterans can explore creative outlets for their trauma and through working with CreatiVets, they will be able to have a safe space to express themselves. CreatiVets is a non-profit specializing in art-based programs to help veterans deal with trauma. They already have programs that feature painting, sculpting and songwriting. A sewing program will be introduced into the organization so veterans will be able to express themselves through fiber arts. The sewing class will be …

Navigating Excellence: A Comprehensive Program Evaluation Of An Academic Clinical Nurse Educator Pilot Course, Rachel Marquart, Jennifer Sternberg, Kathryn Dambrino, David Phillippi, Jessica Savage, Tammy Legge

SPARK Symposium Presentations

Project title: Navigating Excellence: A Comprehensive Program Evaluation of an Academic Clinical Nurse Educator Pilot Course

Background and Rationale: Clinical instructors play a key role in nursing education, yet clinical instructors have varying degrees of formal preparation for the role. These inconsistencies affect student outcomes and instructors’ ability to effectively teach, mentor, and evaluate students. To address this, Belmont University developed the Academic Clinical Nurse Educator Program online course. This project conducted a comprehensive program evaluation to assess its effectiveness.

Aim: This project evaluated the effectiveness, success, and sustainability of an online Clinical Nurse Educator and Preceptor course designed to …

Clinical, Radiological Characteristics And Outcomes Of Primary Headache In Children At A Tertiary Hospital In Kenya: A Retrospective Observational Study, Dorcas Tunje, Katherine Oyieke, Pauline Samia

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

We sought to describe the clinical, radiological characteristics and determine the outcomes of children with primary headache. A retrospective observational study was conducted. Children with primary headache were recruited. Demographic, clinical and radiological data were compiled. Visual Analog Scale was used to determine pain severity. Seventy-three patients were included in the study. Their median age was 10.0 (IQR: 8.0-12.0) years, and 38 (52.1%) were female. Fiftyfour (74.0%) had migraine headache. Majority, 50 (68.5%) reported severe headaches at presentation. Three (4.1%) patients had abnormal findings on MRI while 5 (6.8%) patients had abnormal findings on EEG. Most participants were pain free …

Lyset Facilitates Integration Of Both The N- And C-Terminal Transmembrane Helices/Cytoplasmic Domains Of Glcnac-1-Phosphotransferase, Baraj Doray, Benjamin C Jennings, Xi Yang, Lin Liu, Varsha Venkatarangan, Stuart Kornfeld, Ming Li

2020-Current year OA Pubs

LYSET is a recently identified Golgi transmembrane (TM) protein, and inactivating mutations in the

Saludo: A Randomized Phase Iib/Iii Study Of Lurbinectedin Plus Doxorubicin As First-Line Treatment In Leiomyosarcoma, Gregory M Cote, Mia C Weiss, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Previous phase I/II trials indicate promising activity of lurbinectedin plus doxorubicin (DOX) in leiomyosarcoma (LMS). We describe here the rationale and design of SaLuDo, an open label, randomized, multicenter, seamless phase IIb/III study to evaluate the antitumor activity and safety of lurbinectedin plus DOX

Bcl-Xl Protects Ass1-Deficient Cancers From Arginine Starvation-Induced Apoptosis, Prashanta Kumar Panda, Ana Carolina Paschoalini Mafra, Alliny C S Bastos, Li Cao, Maria Serra Bonet, Caitlyn B Brashears, Ethan Yang Chen, Heather M Benedict-Hamilton, William Ehrhardt, John Bomalaski, Carina Dehner, Leonard C Rogers, Toshinao Oyama, Brian A Van Tine

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) silencing in carcinomas and sarcomas leads to a dependence on extracellular arginine for survival. Arginine deprivation therapies, such as PEGylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), have shown limited effectiveness, which may be due to underlying mechanisms that inhibit apoptosis.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The effects of ADI-PEG20 on cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, and BCL-XL-mediated survival pathways in ASS1-deficient cancer cells were determined. The mechanism of cell death protection was determined by assessing caspase and PARP cleavage, CDK2 activity, MCL1 expression, and the interactions among BCL-XL, BAX, and BAK. In vitro synergy was determined, and in vivo efficacy was modeled.

RESULTS: …

Safety And Efficacy Of Fecal Microbiota, Live-Jslm, In Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection In Participants Who Were Mildly To Moderately Immunocompromised In The Phase 3 Punch Cd3-Ols Study, Carolyn D Alonso, Glenn S Tillotson, Monique R Bidell, Beth Guthmueller, Frederikke Hoeyer, Monika Fischer, Erik R Dubberke

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Fecal microbiota, live-jslm (RBL; Rebyota), is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved, single-dose, microbiota-based live biotherapeutic to prevent recurrent

METHODS: Participants with rCDI who had immunocompromising conditions and/or were taking immunosuppressive medications were included. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were collected for up to 6 months following RBL administration. Efficacy outcomes included treatment success at 8 weeks and sustained clinical response at 6 months.

RESULTS: Overall, 793 participants were enrolled in PUNCH CD3-OLS and 697 received RBL; 141 were included in the immunocompromised subgroup. TEAEs within 8 weeks were reported by 44.7% and 48.0% of participants in the immunocompromised and …

Patient- And Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination, Diya Surie, Jennie H Kwon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: In 2023, the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines were recommended for US adults 60 years or older, but few data are available about which patients were most likely to receive vaccine to inform future RSV vaccine outreach efforts.

OBJECTIVE: To assess patient- and community-level characteristics associated with RSV vaccine receipt and patient knowledge and attitudes related to RSV disease and RSV vaccines.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: During the first season of RSV vaccine use from October 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024, adults 60 years or older hospitalized with RSV-negative acute respiratory illness were enrolled in this cross-sectional …

Patients' Attitudes To Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease: A Global Survey, Easan Anand, Jalpa Devi, Anna Antoniou, Shivani Joshi, Jaap Stoker, Phillip Lung, Ailsa Hart, Phil Tozer, David H Ballard, Parakkal Deepak

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: There is limited patient involvement in radiological research for perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (pfCD), despite magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)'s critical role in diagnosis and management. Patient and public involvement is essential for aligning research with patient priorities. This study aimed to gather patient perspectives on the use of MRI in pfCD.

METHODS: A mixed-methods approach was used, following Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP2) guidelines. An online survey, co-developed with a patient representative, included open and closed questions on MRI experiences, advantages, challenges, and the potential for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated reports. This was followed by …

Engineering Adhesive Hydrogels For Hemostasis And Vascular Repair, Juya Jeon, Shri Venkatesh Subramani, Kok Zhi Lee, Santiago Elizondo-Benedetto, Mohamed Adel Zayed, Fuzhong Zhang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Adhesive hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties and strong adhesion to wet, dynamic tissues have emerged as promising materials for tissue repair, with potential applications in wound closure, hemorrhage control, and surgical adhesives. This review highlights the key design principles, material classifications, and recent advances in adhesive hydrogels designed for vascular repair. The limitations of existing adhesive hydrogels, including insufficient mechanical durability, suboptimal biocompatibility, and challenges in targeted delivery, are critically evaluated. Furthermore, innovative strategies-such as incorporating self-healing capabilities, developing stimuli-responsive systems, integrating functional nanocomposites, and employing advanced fabrication techniques like 3D bioprinting-are discussed to enhance adhesion, mechanical stability, and vascular …

Hypertension Diagnosis And Management In Bamako, Mali, Issiaka Camara, Mohamed Traore, Mamoudou Maiga, Dike Ojji, Jane Holl, Souleymane Coulibaly, Mark D Huffman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PROBLEM: The capacity and site readiness for delivering hypertension management services in Mali were unknown, hindering the effective implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) HEARTS technical package for cardiovascular disease management.

APPROACH: We selected one tertiary and two secondary hospitals to be assessed. From December 2021 to January 2022, hospital cardiologists collected data on indicators of capacity and site readiness using an adapted version of the WHO service availability and readiness assessment questionnaire. The study team verified the collected data through site inspection and review of administrative documents.

LOCAL SETTING: Mali, a low-income country with a population of 22 …

Preparing To Implement Shared Decision Making In Anaesthesia For Hip Fracture Surgery: A Qualitative Interview Study, Eliana C Goldstein, Mark D Neuman, Viktoria Vonder Haar, Aaron C Li, Carlos E Guerra-Londono, Glyn Elwyn, Stacie G Deiner, Adnan Hussain, Joshua W Sappenfield, Christopher J Edwards, Sabry Ayad, James H Baraldi, Karah Whatley, Mary C Politi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Shared decision making is rarely used in anaesthesia consultations. Because either spinal or general anaesthesia can be appropriate for many patients undergoing surgery to repair a hip fracture, this is an appropriate context to implement and test shared decision making and associated resources for anaesthesia decisions. Conversation aids can facilitate shared decision making between clinicians, patients, and caregivers about treatment choices.

METHODS: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews at seven sites from April to September 2024 to prepare for implementation of a conversation aid about anaesthesia choices for hip fracture surgery. Interviews elicited feedback on shared decision making and a …

Racial Disparities In Utilization Of Medications And Disease Outcomes In Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients, Khaled Alsabbagh Alchirazi, Osama Hamid, Thabet Qapaja, Mohammad Aldiabat, Nour Azzouz, Motasem Alkhayyat, Miguel Regueiro

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Although traditionally associated with White European ancestry, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased among different races and ethnicities. Large studies conducted in the United States and Canada have identified more complex disease phenotypes among Black patients. Our study aimed to investigate disparities in IBD treatments and outcomes between Black and White patients in the United States.

METHODS: Using the TriNetX database, adult IBD patients were divided into 2 groups based on race: Black and White patients with IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), or ulcerative colitis (UC). Medical therapy and disease outcomes were evaluated in both groups with 1:1 propensity-score matching. …

Factors Associated With Shock At Presentation In Kawasaki Disease Versus Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children Associated With Covid-19, Supriya S Jain, William B Orr, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: While clinical overlap between Kawasaki disease (KD) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been evident, information regarding those presenting with shock has been limited. We sought to determine associations with shock within and between diagnosis groups.

METHODS: The International KD Registry enrolled contemporaneous patients with either KD or MIS-C from 39 sites in 7 countries from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2023. Demographics, clinical features and presentation, management, laboratory values, and outcomes were compared between the diagnosis and shock groups.

RESULTS: Shock at presentation was noted for 19 of 672 KD patients (2.8%) and 653 of …

Microvascular Aberrations Found In Human Polycystic Kidneys Are An Early Feature In A Pkd1 Mutant Mouse Model, Daniyal J Jafree, Yoshiharu Muto, Benjamin D Humphreys, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Therapies targeting blood vessels hold promise for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common inherited disorder causing kidney failure. However, the onset and nature of kidney vascular abnormalities in ADPKD are poorly defined. Accordingly, we employed a combination of single-cell transcriptomics; three-dimensional imaging with geometric, topological and fractal analyses; and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging with arterial spin labelling to investigate aberrant microvasculature in ADPKD kidneys. Within human ADPKD kidneys with advanced cystic pathology and excretory failure, we identified a molecularly distinct blood microvascular subpopulation, characterised by impaired angiogenic signalling and metabolic dysfunction, differing from endothelial injury profiles observed …

Quantitative And Visual Benefits Of Data-Driven Motion Correction On Oncologic Pet/Ct: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study, Semra Ince, M Allan Thomas, Malak Itani, Christopher Swingle, Richard Laforest, Adeel Haq, Genevieve Muñoz, Saeed Ashrafinia, Paul Schleyer, Richard L Wahl, Tyler J Fraum

2020-Current year OA Pubs

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Conventional positron emission tomography (PET) respiratory gating utilizes a fraction of acquired PET counts (i.e., optimal gate [OG]), whereas elastic motion correction with deblurring (EMCD) utilizes all PET counts to reconstruct motion-corrected images without increasing image noise. Our aim was to assess the quantitative and visual impacts of EMCD-based motion correction on FDG-PET and DOTATATE-PET images relative to OG and ungated (UG) images.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, single-center study enrolled adults undergoing FDG or DOTATATE oncologic PET/CT between June 2020 and October 2022. Subjects underwent a standard-of-care (SOC) PET acquisition while wearing a respiratory gating belt. …

Statistical Properties Of Functional Connectivity Mri Enrichment Analysis In School-Age Autism Research, Austin S Ferguson, Tomoyuki Nishino, Natasha Marrus, John R Pruett Jr, Alexandre A Todorov, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Mass univariate testing on functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) data is limited by difficulties achieving experiment-wide significance. Recent work addressing this problem has used enrichment analysis, which aggregates univariate screening statistics for a set of variables into a single enrichment statistic. There have been promising results using this method to explore fcMRI-behavior associations. However, there has not yet been a rigorous examination of the statistical properties of enrichment analysis when applied to fcMRI data. Establishing power for fcMRI enrichment analysis will be important for future neuropsychiatric and cognitive neuroscience study designs that plan to include this method. Here, we use realistic …

Factors Associated With Shock At Presentation In Kawasaki Disease Versus Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children Associated With Covid-19., Supriya S. Jain, Ashraf S. Harahsheh, Simon Lee, Geetha Raghuveer, Nagib Dahdah, Michael Khoury, Michael A. Portman, Melissa Wehrmann, Arash A. Sabati, Marianna Fabi, Deepika Thacker, Nilanjana Misra, Mark D. Hicar, Nadine F. Choueiter, Matthew D. Elias, Audrey Dionne, William B. Orr, Jacqueline R. Szmuszkovicz, Seda Selamet Tierney, Luis Martin Garrido-Garcia, Frederic Dallaire, Balasubramanian Sundaram, Deepa Prasad, Tyler H. Harris, Elizabeth Braunlin, Elisa Fernandez Cooke, Cedric Manlhiot, Pedrom Farid, Brian W. Mccrindle, International Kawasaki Disease Registry

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: While clinical overlap between Kawasaki disease (KD) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been evident, information regarding those presenting with shock has been limited. We sought to determine associations with shock within and between diagnosis groups.

METHODS: The International KD Registry enrolled contemporaneous patients with either KD or MIS-C from 39 sites in 7 countries from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2023. Demographics, clinical features and presentation, management, laboratory values, and outcomes were compared between the diagnosis and shock groups.

RESULTS: Shock at presentation was noted for 19 of 672 KD patients (2.8%) and 653 of …

Associations Of Cerebrospinal Fluid Orexin-A, Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers, And Cognitive Performance, Ruijin Lu, Krish Shah, Cristina D Toedebusch, Ashley Hess, Rachel Richardson, Emmanuel Mignot, Suzanne E Schindler, Tammie L S Benzinger, Shaney Flores, Jason Hassenstab, Chengjie Xiong, John C Morris, David M Holtzman, Brendan P Lucey

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) orexin-A has been suggested to be a biomarker of Alzheimer disease (AD). In both cognitively unimpaired healthy older adults and individuals with symptomatic AD, CSF orexin-A is positively associated with CSF Aβ42, p-tau181, and total tau (t-tau) concentrations. However, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis did not support differences in orexin-A between AD and controls. In this study, we tested the association between CSF orexin-A concentrations, AD biomarkers, and cognitive performance in older adults with and without symptomatic AD.

METHODS: Two hundred and seventy community-dwelling older adults underwent standardized cognitive assessments, sleep monitoring with a single-channel …

Multi-Omic Analysis Of Biological Aging Biomarkers In Long-Term Calorie Restriction And Endurance Exercise Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Study, Giovanni Fiorito, Valeria Tosti, Silvia Polidoro, Beatrice Bertozzi, Nicola Veronese, Edda Cava, Francesco Spelta, Laura Piccio, Dayna S Early, Daniel Raftery, Paolo Vineis, Luigi Fontana

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Calorie restriction (CR) and physical exercise (EX) are well-established interventions known to extend health span and lifespan in animal models. However, their impact on human biological aging remains unclear. With recent advances in omics technologies and biological age (BioAge) metrics, it is now possible to assess the impact of these lifestyle interventions without the need for long-term follow-up. This study compared BioAge biomarkers in 41 middle-aged and older adult long-term CR practitioners, 41 age- and sex-matched endurance athletes (EX), and 35 sedentary controls consuming Western diets (WD), through PhenoAge: a composite score derived from nine blood-biomarkers. Additionally, a subset of …

Parent-Child Agreement On Fatigue In Pediatric Otolaryngology Patients, Amy E Ensing, Amy L Zhang, Rebecca Z Lin, Emma K Landes, Henok Getahun, Judith E C Lieu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: To investigate parent-child agreement on fatigue reporting in pediatric otolaryngology patients and whether agreement might vary by diagnosis and other patient factors.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.

METHODS: Patients ages 5-18 years old being evaluated for hearing loss (HL) or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were recruited from a pediatric otolaryngology clinic and sleep center. Children and parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (PedsQL MFS).

RESULTS: Responses of 42 patients with HL, 49 with OSA, 10 with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and 34 controls were analyzed. Parent and child PedsQL MFS scores were strongly correlated (Pearson

CONCLUSION: …

A Scoping Review Of Interventions To Address Financial Toxicity In Pediatric And Adult Patients And Survivors Of Cancer, Christina Ping, D Carolina Andrade, Ashley Housten, Michelle Doering, Eliana Goldstein, Mary C Politi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Financial toxicity (FT) is a common and significant challenge for people with cancer, impacting immediate clinical outcomes such as treatment adherence, as well as long-term outcomes such as quality of life and mortality. Multiple studies have tested interventions to address FT and develop recommendations for their implementation.

METHODS: In this scoping review, we analyzed thirty-six studies across 35,405 participants examining institution-based interventions for FT in both pediatric and adult patients and survivors of cancer in the U.S.

RESULTS: Common interventions included: financial navigation (n = 15), direct financial/medical assistance (n = 8), financial counseling or coaching (n = 5), …

Linear Growth During Treatment With A Simplified, Combined Protocol: Secondary Analyses Of Severely Wasted Children 6-59 Months In The Compas Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, Grace Heymsfield, Kevin Stephenson, Zachary Tausanovitch, André Briend, Marko Kerac, Heather Stobaugh, Jeanette Bailey, Suvi T Kangas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

A simplified, combined protocol treats children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), defined by mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of <  125 and ≥ 115 mm and no oedema, with 1 daily sachet of ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) and those with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), defined by MUAC <  115 mm and/or oedema, with two daily sachets of RUTF. This protocol was previously shown to result in non-inferior recovery compared to standard treatment that used higher, weight-based RUTF dosing among children with SAM and ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) for MAM in a cluster-based randomised controlled trial in Kenya and South Sudan. We conducted a secondary analysis of this trial to compare linear growth among children admitted with MUAC <  115 mm. Linear and ponderal growth were calculated from admission to discharge and visualised using aggregate growth curves. HAZ change adjusted for admission characteristics was negative across the course of treatment but similar across arms [-0.21 ± 0.18 SE in the standard arm, -0.24 ± 0.18 SE in simplified; difference (95% confidence interval) 0.03 (-0.12, 0.18)]. The unadjusted mean ± SE linear growth velocity from admission to discharge was 1.8 ± 0.7 mm/week in the standard arm compared to 1.7 ± 0.7 mm/week in the simplified arm [difference = 0.09 (-0.36, 0.53)] and similar in adjusted analysis. MUAC and weight gain velocities were not significantly different by treatment arm. Reducing the RUTF dose prescribed to children during SAM treatment does not appear to affect linear growth or other growth velocities during treatment.

Model For End Stage Liver Disease Excluding International Normalized Ratio Predicts Severe Right Ventricular Failure After Heartmate 3 Implantation In A Contemporary Cohort, David S Lambert, Ana María Picó, Justin D Vincent, Elena Deych, Erin Coglianese, Joel D Schilling, Justin M Vader, Bin Q Yang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Right ventricular failure (RVF) after left ventricular assist devices is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, identifying patients at risk for severe RVF is important for clinical decision-making. Current risk prediction models were not developed in contemporary populations with left ventricular assist devices and have limited clinical applicability. In this study, we sought to evaluate whether the Model for End Stage Liver Disease Excluding International Normalized Ratio (MELD-XI) can predict severe RVF after HeartMate 3 implantation.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all adult patients who received HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist devices as initial implantation at 2 academic medical …

The Implications Of The American Board Of Radiology's Decision To Relinquish Its Specialty Board Designation On Prospective Authorized Medical Physicists (Amps) And Radiation Safety Officers (Rsos), Christopher J Tien, Samantha J Simiele, Joann I Prisciandaro, Jacqueline E Zoberi, Y Jessica Huang, William A Hinchcliffe, Hania A Al-Hallaq

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In order to independently supervise the medical use of byproduct material, physicists in the United States (US) must legally meet the qualifications defined by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in the 35th part of the tenth title of the Code of Federal Regulations (§ 10 CFR Part 35). The American Board of Radiology (ABR) relinquished its NRC-recognized specialty board (NSB) status at the end of 2023, which eliminated the NSB application pathway for those who earn ABR certification in 2024 and beyond. While these changes in NSB status are not retroactive and will not affect eligibility for diplomates who already …

In Vivo Manipulation Of Human Gut Bacteroides Fitness By Abiotic Oligosaccharides, Darryl A Wesener, Zachary W Beller, Megan F Hill, Han Yuan, David B Belanger, Cheryl Frankfater, Nicolas Terrapon, Bernard Henrissat, Dmitry A Rodionov, Semen A Leyn, Andrei Osterman, Johan E T Van Hylckama Vlieg, Jeffrey I Gordon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Synthetic glycans (SGs) containing glycosidic linkages and structures not identified in nature offer a means for deliberately altering microbial community properties. Here pools of SG oligosaccharides were generated via polymerization of monosaccharides and screened for their ability to increase saccharolytic Bacteroides in ex vivo cultures of human fecal samples. A lead SG preparation was orally administered to gnotobiotic mice harboring a consortium of 56 cultured, phylogenetically diverse human gut bacteria and fed a Western diet. The abundances of 3 of 15 Bacteroides strains increased, most prominently B. intestinalis. Underlying mechanisms were characterized by analyzing in vivo expression of the carbohydrate …