Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Crizotinib Enhances Parp Inhibitor Efficacy In Ovarian Cancer Cells And Xenograft Models By Inducing Autophagy, Janice M Santiago-O'Farrill, Alicia Blessing Bollu, Hailing Yang, Vivian Orellana, Marc Pina, Xudong Zhang, Jinsong Liu, Robert C Bast, Zhen Lu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) can encounter resistance through various mechanisms, limiting their effectiveness. Our recent research showed that PARPi alone can induce drug resistance by promoting autophagy. Moreover, our studies have revealed that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) plays a role in regulating the survival of ovarian cancer cells undergoing autophagy. Here, we explored whether the ALK-inhibitor crizotinib could enhance the efficacy of PARPi by targeting drug-induced autophagic ovarian cancer cell and xenograft models. Our investigation demonstrates that crizotinib enhances the anti-tumor activity of PARPi across multiple ovarian cancer cells. Combination therapy with crizotinib and olaparib reduced cell viability and …

Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes Screening At A Large Pediatric Center, Anil K Chokkalla, Pamela Tuley, Miray Kurtca, Herda Ona, Fadel E Ruiz, Sridevi Devaraj

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation guidelines recommend annual diabetes screening by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) starting at the age of 10 years. Adherence to these guidelines proves to be challenging, and the nationwide screening rates are still considered suboptimal. The aim of this study was to assess and improve the screening rates at our large pediatric center.

Methods: A 4-year retrospective audit of OGTT completion among pediatric patients with CF of age ≥10 years who are not yet diagnosed with diabetes was conducted. A collaborative working group was formed to identify the barriers …

Prospects And Challenges Of Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Justin C Lee, Roslyn M Ray, Tristan A Scott

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered a vital component of cell-to-cell communication and represent a new frontier in diagnostics and a means to identify pathways for therapeutic intervention. Recently, studies have revealed the importance of tissue-derived EVs (Ti-EVs), which are EVs present in the interstitial spaces between cells, as they better represent the underlying physiology of complex, multicellular tissue microenvironments in biology and disease. EVs are native, lipid bilayer membraned nano-sized particles produced by all cells that are packaged with varied functional biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They are implicated in short- and long-range cellular communication and may elicit …

Left Coronary Artery Compression And Stent Fracture Following Self-Expanding Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation, Jeannette Wong-Siegel, Adam Naylor, David Balzer

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Coronary compression and vascular perforation have not been reported for self-expanding transcatheter pulmonary valves. We describe a patient with tetralogy of Fallot after self-expanding valve implantation who developed left coronary artery compression from the valve. In addition, a wire frame fracture resulted in perforation of the aorta.

A 6-Month, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial Of Customized Adherence Enhancement Versus A Bipolar-Specific Educational Control In Poorly Adherent Adolescents And Young Adults Living With Bipolar Disorder, Jennifer B. Levin, Molly Mcvoy, Joy Yala, Jessica Black, Carla Conroy, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Objective: Few studies have addressed medication adherence in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with bipolar disorder (BD). This 6-month prospective randomized-controlled trial (RCT) tested customized adherence enhancement for adolescents and young adults (CAE-AYA), a behavioral intervention for AYAs versus enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU). Methods: Inclusion criteria were AYAs age 13–21 with BD type I or II with suboptimal adherence defined as missing ≥20% of medications. Assessments were conducted at Screening, Baseline, and weeks 8, 12 and 24. Primary outcome was past 7 day self-reported Tablets Routine Questionnaire (TRQ) validated by electronic pillbox monitoring (SimpleMed). Symptom measures included the Hamilton …

The Endoplasmic Reticulum As An Active Liquid Network, Laura M. Westrate, Zubenelgenubi C. Scott, Samuel B. Steen, Greg Huber, Elena F. Koslover

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

The peripheral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a dense, interconnected, and constantly evolving network of membrane-bound tubules in eukaryotic cells. While individual structural elements and the morphogens that stabilize them have been described, a quantitative understanding of the dynamic large-scale network topology remains elusive. We develop a physical model of the ER as an active liquid network, governed by a balance of tension-driven shrinking and new tubule growth. This minimalist model gives rise to steady-state network structures with density and rearrangement timescales predicted from the junction mobility and tubule spawning rate. Several parameter-independent geometric features of the liquid network model are …

Intestinal Microbiome As A Diagnostic Marker Of Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Yomna E. Dean, Mohamed A. Shebl, Mohamed Doma, Rafeek W. Elmezayen, Jose J. Loayza Pintado, Samah S. Rouzan, Noheir Ashraf Ibrahem Fathy Hassan, Yasmeen E. Yaqout, Akiko Tokunaga, Chukwuebuka Anozie

School of Medicine Publications

Background: The intestinal microbiome has been recently linked to several metabolic and chronic disorders, one of which is coronary artery disease (CAD). Our study aimed to analyze the intestinal microbiome of CAD patients and assess the eligibility of dysbiosis as a diagnostic marker of CAD.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using terms, such as 'CAD' and 'microbiome'. Only observational controlled studies were included. R version 4.2.2 was used for the analysis.

Results: A significant association was found between the CAD group and increased Simpson and Shannon Indices compared with the control group (MD=0.04, 95% CI=0.03-0.05, …

Parasitic Contamination Of Soil In The Southern United States, Christine Crudo Blackburn, Sally Mingshuang Yan, David Mccormick, Lauren Nicholas Herrera, Roumen Borilov Iordanov, Mark Daniel Bailey, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Peter J Hotez, Rojelio Mejia

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Parasites are generally associated with lower income countries in tropical and subtropical areas. Still, they are also prevalent in low-income communities in the southern United States. Studies characterizing the epidemiology of parasites in the United States are limited, resulting in little comprehensive understanding of the problem. This study investigated the environmental contamination of parasites in the southern United States by determining each parasite's contamination rate and burden in five low-income communities. A total of 499 soil samples of approximately 50 g were collected from public parks and private residences in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas. A technique using …

Myc Induces Oncogenic Stress Through Rna Decay And Ribonucleotide Catabolism In Breast Cancer, Jitendra K Meena, Jarey H Wang, Nicholas J Neill, Dianne Keough, Nagireddy Putluri, Panagiotis Katsonis, Amanda M Koire, Hyemin Lee, Elizabeth A Bowling, Siddhartha Tyagi, Mayra Orellana, Rocio Dominguez-Vidaña, Heyuan Li, Kenneth Eagle, Charles Danan, Hsiang-Ching Chung, Andrew D Yang, William Wu, Sarah J Kurley, Brian M Ho, Joseph R Zoeller, Calla M Olson, Kristen L Meerbrey, Olivier Lichtarge, Arun Sreekumar, Clifford C Dacso, Luke W Guddat, Dominik Rejman, Dana Hocková, Zlatko Janeba, Lukas M Simon, Charles Y Lin, Monica C Pillon, Thomas F Westbrook

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Upregulation of MYC is a hallmark of cancer, wherein MYC drives oncogenic gene expression and elevates total RNA synthesis across cancer cell transcriptomes. Although this transcriptional anabolism fuels cancer growth and survival, the consequences and metabolic stresses induced by excess cellular RNA are poorly understood. Herein, we discover that RNA degradation and downstream ribonucleotide catabolism is a novel mechanism of MYC-induced cancer cell death. Combining genetics and metabolomics, we find that MYC increases RNA decay through the cytoplasmic exosome, resulting in the accumulation of cytotoxic RNA catabolites and reactive oxygen species. Notably, tumor-derived exosome mutations abrogate MYC-induced cell death, suggesting …

A Genetic Screen In Drosophila Uncovers A Role For Senseless-2 In Surface Glia In The Peripheral Nervous System To Regulate Cns Morphology, Haluk Lacin, Yuqing Zhu, Jose T Dipaola, Beth A Wilson, Yi Zhu, James B Skeath

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Despite increasing in mass approximately 100-fold during larval life, the Drosophila CNS maintains its characteristic form. Dynamic interactions between the overlying basement membrane and underlying surface glia are known to regulate CNS structure in Drosophila, but the genes and pathways that establish and maintain CNS morphology during development remain poorly characterized. To identify genes that regulate CNS shape in Drosophila, we conducted an EMS-based, forward genetic screen of the second chromosome, uncovered 50 mutations that disrupt CNS structure, and mapped these alleles to 17 genes. Analysis of whole genome sequencing data wedded to genetic studies uncovered the affected gene for …

A Survey Of Early-Career Speech-Language Pathologists: Determining Perceived Readiness For Clinical Management Of Adults With Dysphagia After Completing Graduate School, Christine A. Lee, Ashwini Namasivayam-Macdonald, Zuleikha Wadhwaniya, Juliana Mclaren, Rebecca H. Affoo

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

Several studies have identified a recurring trend that speech-language pathologists (S-LPs) in countries such as the United States (Caesar & Kitila, 2020), South Africa (Singh et al., 2015), and Malaysia (Kamal et al., 2012) report lower levels of confidence in dysphagia management, whether in comparison to other practice areas or in certain skill areas within the specialty of dysphagia. No data currently exists exploring self-perceptions of Canadian S-LP graduates with regards to clinical management of adults with dysphagia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the self-reported readiness of recently graduated Canadian S-LPs who manage dysphagia. Our survey …

Underrepresented Student Experiences Applying To Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Programs: Challenges And Capital, Jenna Maree P. Wong

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

This longitudinal study investigated the challenges and sources of community cultural wealth that underrepresented communication sciences and disorders (CSD) students leverage in navigating each application stage to master’s level speech-language pathology (SLP) programs. Four surveys were distributed over 11 months via Qualtrics to CSD undergraduate seniors enrolled in 12 universities in California. This study included 88 eligible participants who completed at least one round of the longitudinal survey. Applicants recognized the underrepresentation of their identities in the field which served as both a challenge and motivator for becoming a practicing, culturally competent SLP. Obtaining application-related knowledge was the most significant …

Exploring The Use Of An Interprofessional Education Session For Speech-Language Pathology And Pharmacy Students, Sophia Werden Abrams, Heather Macphee, Linnea Hodge, Justine Hamilton, Ashwini Namasivayam-Macdonald

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

Interprofessional education (IPE) occurs when students are provided the opportunity to learn with and from others of related professions to improve the potential for future collaboration. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of students about working with professionals from different disciplines before and after their engagement in an interprofessional learning activity and determine any changes in their willingness to work in interprofessional teams.

Doctor of Pharmacy students from the University of Manitoba and Master’s speech-language pathology students from McMaster University participated in an online inter-university and inter-provincial education module. Students were invited to complete the Interprofessional …

Student Family Navigators Promoting Language Development In Infants And Toddlers From Lower-Income Families, Abigail Delehanty, Lori Marra, Michelle Catao, Kelsey O'Connor, Marisa Ricciardi

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

The purpose of this pilot study was to develop and evaluate the feasibility of an experiential teaching and learning initiative that trained undergraduate students studying speech-language pathology to serve as family navigators promoting social communication and language development in infants and toddlers from lower-income backgrounds. Three students completed one semester of training that included multiple interactive approaches to instruction. They subsequently implemented a nine-month, online prevention and outreach program to nine mothers of infants and toddlers to promote social communication and language development. Results of formative assessments were examined and affective outcomes were explored. The intervention was implemented as intended, …

Pilot Comparison Of Reading Quiz Formats In A Graduate Speech Sound Disorders Course, Sheri Bayley

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

The purpose of this study was to explore student performance, self-ratings of learning and preference, and student comments on a variety of reading quiz formats in a first semester speech-language pathology graduate course. Students from two cohorts (n = 34) completed four types of quizzes: closed-book, open-book, open-note, and collaborative group in addition to a note review study option in self-selected order. Scores and reported preference were significantly lower on closed-book quizzes compared to other formats, but few other significant differences were observed across formats. Ranges of preferences, low variability in scores, and student comments supported the practice of …

How Literacy Coursework May Change The Perspectives Of Preservice Speech-Language Pathologists: A Pilot Study, Robyn E. Becker

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

This pilot study investigated how perspectives of preservice speech-language pathologists (SLPs) may change after completion of a graduate course in literacy in a Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) program. Further, the study sought to reflect upon course design and instructional delivery practices related to the class. Data was collected via online survey completed by 21 volunteer CSD graduate students. The results suggested that students' perspectives may evolve over the course of a semester-long CSD literacy class in some areas related to the components of reading, misconceptions about literacy, and the social justice implications of access to quality reading programs. Using …

Reimagining Clinical Education Practices For Autism Through The Multi-Client Multilevel Mentorship Model, George W. Wolford, Schea Fissel Brannick

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

Speech-language pathology students require comprehensive graduate education to address the needs of their future autistic clients. Despite this need, survey research suggests that students receive limited didactic and clinical graduate training that sufficiently prepares them to work with autistic clients. Contemporary research into clinical education for autism includes several features, such as more support and group-based services, that do not align with traditional clinical education in the field (Anderson, 1988; Dudding et al., 2017). The purpose of this study is to describe feasibility (by acceptability and implementation) of a new clinical education protocol, the Multi-client Multilevel Mentorship (M³) …

“Beautiful Chaos”: Clinicians’ Learning Experience In Collaborative Theater Programming, Hannah Huff, Karen Whisenhunt Saar

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

This study provides insights into speech-language pathology graduate student learning experiences during a community-based clinical rotation that targets skill development within an interdisciplinary theater program. Theater-based programming has shown some utility toward promoting pragmatic language skill development for children and teens outside of traditional clinical practice. In addition, the interdisciplinary nature of the program provides opportunities for student clinicians to engage in interprofessional collaboration with arts professionals.

The purpose of this study was to explore SLP graduate students’ experiences within a collaborative inclusion theater program. Semi-structured interviews collected from three graduate student clinicians were transcribed and analyzed according to Interpretive …

Preservice Augmentative And Alternative Communication Coursework Across 311 Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Programs, Brandon S. Eddy, Emily Sorensen, Mariel Pinto

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

Speech-language pathologists often report a lack of preparedness to provide augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) services, suggesting the need for improved graduate level training. Recent studies of AAC coursework offerings found 86% to 88% of programs offered AAC coursework, but these studies relied on survey methods with limited numbers of responses. This study examined AAC course offerings at 311 graduate programs using website and course catalog reviews, supplemented by direct contact with departments when dedicated AAC courses could not be found using online resources. Of these, 282 (90.68%) offered a dedicated AAC course, and 16 (5.14%) offered AAC in combination …

Developing Problems With Strengths In Mind: Problem-Based Learning In Introductory Csd Courses, Laura E. Arrington, Stefanie Becerril, Leilani Iem, Charlotte Clark

Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences & Disorders

Instructors in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) have used problem-based learning (PBL) for a variety of purposes across academic levels. Problem-based learning offers a framework for considering and including student strengths. In this paper, the authors describe the development of a PBL with specific utility to an introductory CSD course, explain how student strengths were considered in the problem development, and provide evidence of student strengths in outcomes of the PBL. This investigation followed 70 undergraduate students registered in introductory CSD courses across two universities as they engaged in a semester long PBL. A thematic analysis of 217 student solutions …

Assessing The Feasibility Of Implementing A Hands-On Diabetes Course Curriculum In Community Settings, April Litchford, Jenna Dyckman, Carrie Durward

Transforming Communities

Diabetes remains a significant health concern in the United States, with millions affected and at risk. Despite the known benefits of diabetes education programs, barriers such as accessibility and engagement persist. To address these challenges, Utah State University Extension developed the Diabetes Cook Along (DCA) program and conducted a study to determine the feasibility of implementing these classes in community settings. The DCA curriculum is based on national standards and emphasizes changes in dietary and lifestyle components critical for diabetes management. Data collection included pre- and post-surveys, along with qualitative feedback. Overall participation in the classes and satisfaction of participants …

Estimation Of The Immunological Markers (Ctla4 And Vegf) Of The Adjuvant Ovarian Cancer In Iraqi Women Patients, Yasir Naeem Khlaif, Mayada Noori Iqbal, Hind Jaber Hassoon

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: The most frequent cause of death for females with gynecological cancer diagnoses is ovarian cancer (OC). Furthermore, generally speaking, it ranks as the 5^th most frequent cause of death for females. The majority of cases had advanced diagnoses, which worsens the disease's prognosis. Objectives: The aims of the study is to Estimate the immunological markers “cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4” (CTLA4) and “Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor” (VEGF) in Adjuvant women (OC). Materials and methods: 90 Adjuvant women OC were included in this study (30 of them were taking (1-6) dose of biotherapy Bevacizumab (Avastin) Group 1 (G1), …

Determination Of The Hematological And Biochemical Parameters Associated With Liver Cancer, Hepatitis Types B, And C In Iraqi Patients, Saja Khudhier Essa Al-Juboori, Shaymaa Ismael Kadhum Al-Juboori

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cancer in humans and the fifth most prevalent worldwide. Although the survival rate of HCC has increased over time, postoperative recurrences remain high after a decade. HCC can be caused by both viral and non-viral diseases. There are two major global risk factors for HCC these are: hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). As part of routine health exams, complete blood counts can detect a variety of disorders, including infections, anemia, immune system disorders, and blood cancers. A complete blood count (CBC) can be used to perform a biochemical …

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analytical Techniques For Determining The Various Diabetic Type 2 Medications: A Review Article, Mohammed Abdullah Ahmed, Mohammed J.M. Hassan, Hayder O. Hashim, Ashour H. Dawood

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

A metabolic illness known as diabetes mellitus (DM) is brought on by the body's decreased secretion and/or activity of the hormone insulin. The condition worsens, pathological alterations in the body, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular problems, become inevitable. Type I and II DM are the two primary subtypes of DM. Oral hypoglycaemics are used to treat type II diabetes, while insulin replacement therapy is typically used to treat type I diabetes. Patients typically receive dual drug treatments. Despite using oral hypoglycemic medications as monotherapy, have not been able to accomplish their therapeutic goals with first-line therapy.

In the current …

Evaluate Levels Of Nephrin And Kidney Injury Molecule In Diabetic Nephropathy Patients, Ahmed Malik Hassan, Hassan Ali Al-Saadi, Radhwan Mohammed Hussein

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Introduction: Diabetes, particularly when uncontrolled for an extended length of time, was already related with a higher risk of complications and progression of both macrovascular and microvascular problems. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes can be a result from micro vascular effect of diabetes, kidney disease can occur in both type one or type two diabetes patients kidney disease usually affects young and middle-aged patients. Kidney injury molecule and Nephrin is a biomarkers used to diagnosis of early biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy Objective: The aim was effectiveness of KIM-1 and nephrin for diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease …

Characterization Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subtype In Iraqi Patients, Ola Amer Jasim, Khalid Mahdi Salih

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disease of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that affects 10-20% of the population worldwide and is distinguished by abdominal pain/discomfort and changes in bowel habits that is accompanied by diarrhea, constipation, or both. Cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 Iraqi patients with IBS who were presented at private clinics for gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs). The study lasted from November 2021 to May 2022 and aimed to determine the frequency of IBS subtypes among Iraqi patients, as well as the influence of several factors on disease’s initiation, type and severity such as age, gender, and anxiety. The …

Study Of Il-15, Il-11, And Some Physiological Parameters In Aborted Women, Enas Saad Sabih

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Objective; The objective of current investigation is TO KNOW THE roles of IL-15 and IL-11 with some physiological indicators in pathophysiology of aborted women.

Methods; This investigation was conducted in the Medical City Hospital's gynecology consultant ‏ for period of March – May 2023. Thirty blood samples were taken from aborted women who visit hospitals and clinics otolaryngology. In addition to thirty blood samples were taken from healthy women who represented as a control group. The levels of IL-11 and IL-15 were detected by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) (Immunotech, France), and random blood sugar observed by Biorex machine (UK). Levels of …

Incidence Of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (Cchf) In Different Governorates Of Iraq, Ihsan M. Al-Saqur, Amina N. Althwani, Heba N. Safah Hussein, Aubiad H. Noor, Ranna A. Sabar, Dhoha D. Hadi, Shad. H. Haitham

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. This disease is considered as a dangerous zoonotic viral disease transmitted from animals to human by Hyalomma ticks. The first case was registered in Iraq in 1979, which led to the death of the patient, her doctor and some of the medical staff in Baghdad/Al-Yarmouq hospital. The current study was conducting on the data of (399) patients suffering from symptoms of hemorrhagic septicemia for two years (2021and 2022) which received from Central Disease Control (CDC) in Baghdad depending on serological test. The results revealed that …

Effect Of Ferritin, Magnesium And Cobalt On Total Viable Count Of Candida Spp. In Normal Pregnant And In-Vitro Fertilized Women, Lina Sami Adham, Abbas Sabri Almizraqchi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: A correlation existed between diminished levels of vital mineral elements crucial for antioxidant activity in the bodies of pregnant women and an elevated susceptibility to preeclampsia. Objective: To assess the effect of salivary mineral elements on the salivary total count Candida spp in pregnant, in vitro fertilization pregnant women and control. Materials and Methods: A total of 85 subjects were included in this study, first group consist of (30) normal pregnant women, second group consist of (30) In vitro fertilization (IVF), and third group consist of (25) non-pregnant women, the samples were collected from different clinics …

Impact Of Mindfulness-Based Interventions On Nursing Burnout: An Integrative, Lily Myo

DNP Qualifying Manuscripts

Burnout in the nursing profession is prevalent and can be a significant burden for not only the individual nurse but to patients and the healthcare system at large. Burnout is considered by the World Health Organization as an occupational phenomena specifically resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed, and is not related to other life events. Given the need for support among registered nurses in reducing consequences of burnout and the emerging data about mindfulness based practices as a tool to enhance resilience, this integrated review seeks to understand if education on mindfulness based interventions can …