Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Impact Of Alcoholism In Depression, Anjali Sharma, Pooja Chawla

Research Symposium

Depression is a common mental health condition characterized by lack of passion or enjoyment in activities as well as persistent emotions of sadness and hopelessness. Excessive alcohol consumption is a chronic issue on nationwide and presents a significant public health concern. Consuming alcohol is linked to worse outcomes in terms of how depression develops it happens when the untreated alcoholism intensifies, it leads to depressive states, decreases responsiveness to conventional therapeutics as well as increases the likelihood of suicide, suicide attempts and other self-destructive behavior. Major depressive episodes and excessive alcohol use have long been thought to be related clinically …

Alcoholism And Psychiatric Comorbidity: A Complex Relationship, Aniket Saini, Pooja Chawla

Research Symposium

Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a chronic and relapsing condition characterized by the excessive and compulsive consumption of alcohol which leads to negative effects on the physical as well as mental health. Heavy drinking associated with alcoholism can coexist with or contribute to several different psychiatric disorders like depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and schizophrenia. In patients with AUD, around 80% of cases suffer from a social anxiety disorder, 27% -40% of cases are diagnosed with major depressive disorder, 19%-26% of young adults suffer from attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder, 21% of patients with AUD …

Hypertension Health Literacy Education For Unlicensed Assistive Living Facility Staff, Rhonda Gary Jackson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Self-Efficacy Of Urban African Americans In Response To Covid-19 Health Information, Katrina Volbrecht

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Talking To Your Child About Their First Heartbreak, Maggie Mckay, Jami Gross-Toalson

Parent-ish Podcast

Our first love can be a highly emotional experience and the same goes for first heartbreak. It’s never easy to see your child hurting, but you can ease their struggle by remaining open and available to listen. Learn how to support your child from Dr. Jami Gross-Toalson, pediatric psychologist at Children's Mercy Kansas City.

Click here to stream the podcast episode.

Treatment Effects Of N-Acetyl Cysteine On Resting-State Functional Mri And Cognitive Performance In Patients With Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Study, Faezeh Vedaei, Andrew B. Newberg, M. Alizadeh, George Zabrecky, Emily Navarreto, Chloe Hriso, Nancy Wintering, Feroze Mohamed, Daniel A. Monti

Marcus Institute of Integrative Health Faculty Papers

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a significant public health concern, specially characterized by a complex pattern of abnormal neural activity and functional connectivity. It is often associated with a broad spectrum of short-term and long-term cognitive and behavioral symptoms including memory dysfunction, headache, and balance difficulties. Furthermore, there is evidence that oxidative stress significantly contributes to these symptoms and neurophysiological changes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on brain function and chronic symptoms in mTBI patients. Fifty patients diagnosed with chronic mTBI participated in this study. They were categorized into two groups …

Understanding The Lgbtq+ Divide: A Review On The Impact Of Geographic Location And Political Climate On Lgbtq+ Patient Care In The United States., Conner Clark

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

Background:

In the United States, laws and policies are proposed and passed daily that either protect or restrict transgender patients’ access to care. The objective of this study is to review the existing body of literature on the effect of state-level policy on transgender patients’ overall health.

Methods:

Primary literature was identified through PubMed and the National Institutes of Health. Search terms included keywords related to the following concepts: LGBTQ terms, differentiating terms, regional terms, and health outcome terms. Inclusion criteria: Quantifiable studies conducted on the American LGBTQ and Transgender population from January 2015 to April 2023. Exclusion criteria: Studies …

Nonhormonal Pharmacotherapies For The Treatment Of Postmenopausal Vasomotor Symptoms, Taylor Witten, Julia Staszkiewicz, Logan Gold, Mallory A. Granier, Rachel J. Klapper, Gabriel Lavespere, Bradley Dorius, Varsha Allampalli, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D. Kaye, Giustino Varrassi

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

An average of 60-80% of all menopausal women experience bothersome vasomotor symptoms (VMSs), such as flushing and sweating, within the first seven years of onset. However, despite increasing prevalence, these hot flashes remain hard to treat and have a negative effect on the quality of life. Though hormone replacement therapy is commonly utilized as a standard treatment for VMSs, this therapy is not recommended for all women. Specifically, the oral form of hormone replacement therapy is associated with several contraindications, including a history of thromboembolic disease, migraine headache with aura, liver failure, heart disease, and hormone-dependent cancers. For women with …

Standardized Pre-Clinical Surgical Animal Model Protocol To Investigate The Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms Of Ischemic Flap Healing, Edita Aksamitiene, Ryan Heffelfinger, Jan Hoek, Edmund Pribitkin

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Some of the most complex surgical interventions to treat trauma and cancer include the use of locoregional pedicled and free autologous tissue transfer flaps. While the techniques used for these reconstructive surgery procedures have improved over time, flap complications and even failure remain a significant clinical challenge. Animal models are useful in studying the pathophysiology of ischemic flaps, but when repeatability is a primary focus of a study, conventional in-vivo designs, where one randomized subset of animals serves as a treatment group while a second subset serves as a control, are at a disadvantage instigated by greater subject-to-subject variability. …

Generalization And Discrimination Of Inhibitory Avoidance Differentially Engage Anterior And Posterior Retrosplenial Subregions, Erisa Met Hoxha, Payton K. Robinson, Kaitlyn M. Greer, Sydney Trask

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Introduction: In a variety of behavioral procedures animals will show selective fear responding in shock-associated contexts, but not in other contexts. However, several factors can lead to generalized fear behavior, where responding is no longer constrained to the conditioning context and will transfer to novel contexts.

Methods: Here, we assessed memory generalization using an inhibitory avoidance paradigm to determine if generalized avoidance behavior engages the retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Male and female Long Evans rats received inhibitory avoidance training prior to testing in the same context or a shifted context in two distinct rooms; one room that had fluorescent lighting (Light) …

Molecular Mechanisms In Pathophysiology Of Mucopolysaccharidosis And Prospects For Innovative Therapy, Yasuhiko Ago, Estera Rintz, Krishna Sai Musini, Zhengyu Ma, Shunji Tomatsu

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of inborn errors of the metabolism caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzymes required to break down molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These GAGs accumulate over time in various tissues and disrupt multiple biological systems, including catabolism of other substances, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. These pathological changes ultimately increase oxidative stress and activate innate immunity and inflammation. We have described the pathophysiology of MPS and activated inflammation in this paper, starting with accumulating the primary storage materials, GAGs. At the initial stage of GAG accumulation, affected tissues/cells are reversibly affected but progress irreversibly to: (1) …

Regulation Of Tissue Factor Activity By Interaction With The First Pdz Domain Of Magi1, Mohammad A. Mohammad, Sophie Featherby, Camille Ettelaie

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background; Tissue factor (TF) activity is stringently regulated through processes termed encryption. Post-translational modification of TF and its interactions with various protein and lipid moieties allows for a multi-step de-encryption of TF and procoagulant activation. Membrane-associated guanylate kinase-with inverted configuration (MAGI) proteins are known to regulate the localisation and activity of a number of proteins including cell-surface receptors. Methods; The interaction of TF with MAGI1 protein was examined as a means of regulating TF activity. MDA-MB-231 cell line was used which express TF and MAGI1, and respond well to protease activated receptor (PAR)2 activation. Proximity ligation assay (PLA), co-immunoprecipitation and …

Using The R = Mc2 Heuristic To Understand Barriers To And Facilitators Of Implementing School-Based Physical Activity Opportunities: A Qualitative Study, Derek W Craig, Timothy J Walker, Paula Cuccaro, Shreela V Sharma, Natalia I Heredia, Michael C Robertson, Maria E Fernandez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Schools are a key setting for supporting youth physical activity, given their broad reach and diverse student populations. Organizational readiness is a precursor to the successful implementation of school-based physical activity opportunities. The R = MC

METHODS: We analyzed interview data from 15 elementary school staff (principals, assistant principals, physical education teachers, and classroom teachers) from a school district in Texas. We focused on factors related to adopting, implementing, and sustaining a variety of school-based physical activity opportunities. We used the Framework Method to guide the analysis and coded data using deductive (informed by the R = MC

RESULTS: …

Comparison Of Three Rapid Diagnostic Tests For Bloodstream Infections Using Benefit-Risk Evaluation Framework (Bed-Frame), Richard D Smith, Min Zhan, Shanshan Zhang, Surbhi Leekha, Anthony Harris, Yohei Doi, Scott Evans, J Kristie Johnson, Robert K Ernst

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for bloodstream infections have the potential to reduce time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy and improve patient outcomes. Previously, an in-house, lipid-based, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method, Fast Lipid Analysis Technique (FLAT MS), has shown promise as a rapid pathogen identification method. In this study, FLAT MS for direct from blood culture identification was evaluated and compared to FDA-cleared identification methods using the Benefit-risk Evaluation Framework (BED-FRAME) analysis. FLAT MS was evaluated and compared to Bruker Sepsityper and bioMérieux BioFire FilmArray BCID2 using results from a previous study. For this study, 301 …

Pressing Need Of Precision Care In Her2-Positive Colorectal Cancer: The Elephant In The Room, Kanwal P S Raghav, Jonathan M Loree, Scott Kopetz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Although dual HER2 inhibition has shown promising clinical activity in patients with RAS wild-type HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer, predictive biomarkers of response/resistance are less well characterized. Activating HER2/RTK/MAPK genomic alterations appears to blunt the clinical benefit of dual anti-HER2 therapy and may hold a potential albeit partial role in patient selection. See related article by Randon et al., p. 436.

Hip Preservation Surgery In Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome And Acetabular Dysplasia Improves Functional Measures And Pain Catastrophizing, John M. Gaddis, Rafael De Souza, Benjamin Montanez, Paul A. Nakonezny, Bretton Laboret, Ryan Bialaszewski, Joel Wells

School of Medicine Publications

Background Chronic hip pain is a debilitating condition that severely reduces one's quality of life. Prior studies uncovered a link between hip pathologies and pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hip preservation surgery in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and acetabular dysplasia (AD) improves functional outcomes and pain catastrophizing. Methods Patients with FAIS and AD were requested to complete a hip questionnaire both preoperatively and postoperatively at a single academic center (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA). Pain catastrophizing was evaluated using the pain catastrophizing scale, and pain …

Disruption Of The Arabidopsis Acyl-Activating Enzyme 3 Impairs Seed Coat Mucilage Accumulation And Seed Germination, Ninghui Cheng, Paul A Nakata

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The Acyl-activating enzyme (AAE) 3 gene encodes an oxalyl-CoA synthetase that catalyzes the conversion of oxalate to oxalyl-CoA as the first step in the CoA-dependent pathway of oxalate catabolism. Although the role of this enzyme in oxalate catabolism has been established, its biological roles in plant growth and development are less understood. As a step toward gaining a better understanding of these biological roles, we report here a characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana aae3 (Ataae3) seed mucilage phenotype. Ruthidium red (RR) staining of Ataae3 and wild type (WT) seeds suggested that the observed reduction in Ataae3 …

Draft Genomes Of 12 Bifidobacterium Isolates From Human Ibd Fecal Samples, Cole E Souza, Nicole E Jacobson, Michelle A An, Lindsay Droit, Alejandro A Vega, Mariel Rosales, Kathie A Mihindukulasuriya, Karina Pastrana, Scott A Handley, Miles Parkes, Joanna Rimmer, David Wang, Elizabeth A Dinsdale, Robert A Edwards, Anca M Segall

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Twelve

Cdk4/6 Inhibition Sensitizes Intracranial Tumors To Pd-1 Blockade In Preclinical Models Of Brain Metastasis, Naema Nayyar, Magali A De Sauvage, Jane Chuprin, Emily M Sullivan, Mohini Singh, Consuelo Torrini, Britney S Zhang, Sushobhana Bandyopadhyay, Keith A Daniels, Christopher Alvarez-Breckenridge, Ashish Dahal, Michael A Brehm, Priscilla K Brastianos

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Brain metastases are associated with high morbidity and are often resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We evaluated whether CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDKi) abemaciclib can sensitize intracranial tumors to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibition in mouse models of melanoma and breast cancer brain metastasis.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Treatment response was evaluated in vivo using immunocompetent mouse models of brain metastasis bearing concurrent intracranial and extracranial tumors. Treatment effect on intracranial and extracranial tumor-immune microenvironments (TIME) was evaluated using immunofluorescence, multiplex immunoassays, high-parameter flow cytometry, and T-cell receptor profiling. Mice with humanized immune systems were evaluated using flow cytometry to study …

Post-Exposure Intranasal Ifnα Suppresses Replication And Neuroinvasion Of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Within Olfactory Sensory Neurons, Matthew D Cain, N Rubin Klein, Xiaoping Jiang, Hamid Salimi, Qingping Wu, Mark J Miller, William B Klimstra, Robyn S Klein

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus (VEEV) may enter the central nervous system (CNS) within olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) that originate in the nasal cavity after intranasal exposure. While it is known that VEEV has evolved several mechanisms to inhibit type I interferon (IFN) signaling within infected cells, whether this inhibits virologic control during neuroinvasion along OSN has not been studied.

METHODS: We utilized an established murine model of intranasal infection with VEEV and a repository of scRNAseq data from IFN-treated OSN to assess the cellular targets and IFN signaling responses after VEEV exposure.

RESULTS: We found that immature OSN, which …

Sod1 Is A Synthetic Lethal Target In Ppm1d-Mutant Leukemia Cells, Linda Zhang, Joanne I Hsu, Etienne D Braekeleer, Chun-Wei Chen, Tajhal D Patel, Alejandra G Martell, Anna G Guzman, Katharina Wohlan, Sarah M Waldvogel, Hidetaka Urya, Ayala Tovy, Elsa Callen, Rebecca Murdaugh, Rosemary Richard, Sandra Jansen, Lisenka Vissers, Bert B A De Vries, Andre Nussenzweig, Shixia Huang, Cristian Coarfa, Jamie N Anastas, Koichi Takahashi, George Vassiliou, Margaret A Goodell

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The DNA damage response is critical for maintaining genome integrity and is commonly disrupted in the development of cancer. PPM1D (protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D) is a master negative regulator of the response; gain-of-function mutations and amplifications of PPM1D are found across several human cancers making it a relevant pharmacologic target. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 screening to identify synthetic-lethal dependencies of PPM1D, uncovering superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) as a potential target for PPM1D-mutant cells. We revealed a dysregulated redox landscape characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and a compromised response to oxidative stress in PPM1D-mutant cells. Altogether, our …

The Etiology Of Nurse Educator Shortages: Replenishing And Flourishing The Profession, Kara R. Delafosse

The Journal of Advancing Education Practice

Nursing shortages nationwide have been exemplified since the global pandemic demanding an examination of contributing factors crippling the profession. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that 200,000 annual vacant registered nurse positions for the next decade, are problematic due to the mass exodus of individuals serving in the occupation (Gaines, 2022). A study of approximately 900 nursing schools in the country indicates two vacancies exist per establishment illuminating the critical shortages of educators (Morris, 2023). A growing phenomenon is the challenge to maintain and replenish leaders in nurse education necessary to train and prepare students enrolled in nursing …

Fibromyxoid Sarcoma Of The Breast: An Atypical Presentation Of A Rare Mesenchymal Tumor, Aaron I. Dadzie, Yossef Alsabawi, Lois C. Akpati, Valentine S. Alia, Roger Galindo

Research Symposium

Background: Low-grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare soft-tissue sarcoma with an incidence rate of 0.18 per million, first introduced into the literature by Harry L. Evans in 1987 [1]. This tumor, of mesenchymal origin, has a predilection for young adults and is most commonly found in the upper and lower extremities of deep soft tissues [1,2,3,4,5]. LGFMS has been described as having multiple variants, often presenting histologically as alternating fibrous and myxoid areas containing bland spindle and stellate cells arranged in a swirling, whorled appearance [6]. The predominant chromosomal abnormality of LGFMS has a FUS-CREB3L2 fusion gene with a …

Small Cell Carcinoma Of The Bladder: A Rare Case, Simita Gaglani, James Sander

Research Symposium

In this case report, we explore a case of small cell bladder carcinoma in a 75-year-old man with a history of smoking. This is a unique, aggressive subtype of bladder cancer which, in this patient, presented with gross hematuria. Workup included cystoscopy and transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, and pathological confirmation of the diagnosis elicited a referral to oncology for staging CT and potential chemotherapeutic measures. While the small cell carcinoma was successfully identified, it had already invaded the detrusor muscle on presentation, prompting the question of how to go about diagnosing and treating this subtype of bladder cancer …

Rare Presentation Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Tongue With Ectopic Β-Hcg Secretion: A Case Report And Literature Review, Taha Al Hassan, Rachel A. Giese

Research Symposium

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form of cancer in the oral cavity and pharynx, comprising more than 90% of all cases, with approximately half presenting with regional lymph node spread at the time of diagnosis. Pathogenesis includes various stages of progression encompassing multiple genetic and cellular events that ultimately lead to the malignant transformation of the squamous cells and invasion into surrounding tissues. Given the multistep nature of disease progression, recent studies have investigated potential prognostic indicators and screening markers through immunohistochemical staining and few studies suggest that human chorionic gonadotropin may be one marker that …

The Difficulty In The Diagnosis And Management Of Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome, Sidney Charm D. Reyes

Research Symposium

Background: Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome (ADS) is a condition that occurs in about 20% of patients following the abrupt reduction/stoppage of any antidepressant medication that has been taken continuously for at least 1 month. The difficulty of diagnosing ADS lies in the fact that the symptoms tend to be mistaken for other illnesses. Symptoms are commonly variable per individual, and the staggered presentation of symptoms can contribute to the difficulty in diagnosing ADS.

Case Presentation: We present a 36-year-old Hispanic woman who comes for evaluation of worsening, generalized body aches for the past 3 days. Associated signs and symptoms included rhinorrhea, …

Cost Effective Treatment Options For Uninsured Patients With Diabetes, Sidney Selva, Ryan Bialaszewski, Elizabeth Althaus, Pamela Campos, Shuaibahmed M. Arab, Chelsea Chang

Research Symposium

Background: Approximately 37.3 million people in the United States have diabetes, accounting for 14.7% of the US population. Additionally, an estimated 2 million adults with diabetes have no health insurance coverage, which can contribute to chronic co-morbidities and increase all-cause mortality. Given the economic challenges these uninsured patients may face, it is important for healthcare providers to understand the cost-effective treatment options available to improve long-term outcomes. Therefore, this abstract aims to provide a cost-effective treatment algorithm for uninsured patients with diabetes.

Case Presentation: Our patient was a 47-year-old uninsured Hispanic female with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. The …

Case Report: Kidney Transplant Pyelonephritis, Shuchita Jhaveri, Ruayda Bouls, Duc Khiem Ngo, Laura E. Garcia

Research Symposium

Background: Individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and especially those who have received kidney transplants, are at an increased risk of developing urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI, especially recurrent UTI, is a common problem occurring in >75% of kidney transplant (KTX) recipients. Progression of infection can have significant consequences on the functioning of the transplanted kidney. It may be challenging to distinguish complicated UTI from acute or chronic rejection when patients present with fever and abdominal pain at the transplanted location. In this case study, we present the clinical scenario of a patient with a history of hypertension and ESKD …

Exploration Of Treatment Options For A Hispanic Patient With Obesity Class Iii And Multiple Comorbidities, Shuaibahmed M. Arab, Elizabeth Althaus, Pamela Campos, Sidney Selva, Ryan Bialaszewski, Chelsea Chang

Research Symposium

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, presenting a significant challenge to public health systems and clinicians alike. The CDC published new statistics for the prevalence of obesity in the United States, with numbers reaching 41.9% from 2017-2020. Morbid obesity, indicated by a body mass index (BMI) of 40 kg/m² or higher, is associated with an increased risk of numerous comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and musculoskeletal disorders. This case report aims to explore the available treatment options for a Hispanic female with Obesity Class III and multiple comorbidities while keeping insurance coverage and …

Simultaneous Brachial Artery Injury And Ulnar Nerve Palsy: A Case Study Of An Atv Accident Survivor, Ryan Bialaszewski, Sidney Selva, Shuaibahmed M. Arab, Pamela Campos, Elizabeth Althaus, Chelsea Chang

Research Symposium

Background: All-terrain vehicle (ATV) accidents are a common cause of traumatic elbow injuries due to outstretched arms accepting contact at greater forces. However, their complexity and clinical significance often go unrecognized upon initial evaluation, especially in patients without acute fractures. Sequelae of such injuries can include neurovascular deficits, leading to chronic pain, limb ischemia, and paresthesias. This article aims to present a case study detailing a post-traumatic elbow injury with chronic neurovascular deficits following an ATV accident. Additionally, we address common clinical findings in post-traumatic concomitant brachial artery and ulnar nerve injuries, their evaluation, and respective management plans.

Case Presentation: …