Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Ubr5 Promotes Antiviral Immunity By Disengaging The Transcriptional Brake On Rig-I Like Receptors, Duomeng Yang, Tingting Geng, Andrew G Harrison, Jason G Cahoon, Jian Xing, Baihai Jiao, Mark Wang, Chao Cheng, Robert E Hill, Huadong Wang, Anthony T Vella, Gong Cheng, Yanlin Wang, Penghua Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The Retinoic acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) are the major viral RNA sensors essential for the initiation of antiviral immune responses. RLRs are subjected to stringent transcriptional and posttranslational regulations, of which ubiquitination is one of the most important. However, the role of ubiquitination in RLR transcription is unknown. Here, we screen 375 definite ubiquitin ligase knockout cell lines and identify Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3 Component N-Recognin 5 (UBR5) as a positive regulator of RLR transcription. UBR5 deficiency reduces antiviral immune responses to RNA viruses, while increases viral replication in primary cells and mice. Ubr5 knockout mice are …

Simultaneous Detection Of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Comparing Between White Light And Image-Enhanced Endoscopy, Boonyaorn Chatrangsun, Natsuda Aumpan, Bubpha Pornthisarn, Soonthorn Chonprasertsuk, Sith Siramolpiwat, Patommatat Bhanthumkomol, Pongjarat Nunanan, Navapan Issariyakulkarn, Varocha Mahachai, Yoshio Yamaoka, Ratha-Korn Vilaichone

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is associated with gastric cancer. Early and accurate diagnosis of H. pylori infection can reduce risk of gastric cancer. Conventional white light imaging (WLI) and image-enhanced endoscopic (IEE) techniques such as narrow-band imaging (NBI), linked color imaging (LCI) and blue laser imaging (BLI) plays pivotal role in H. pylori diagnosis. This study aimed to determine diagnostic performance of real-time endoscopy between WLI and other IEE techniques for diagnosis of H. pylori infection.

METHODS: This prospective study compared endoscopic images by gastroscopy using WLI and IEE techniques (LCI, Magnifying-BLI, and Magnifying-NBI) at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand …

Kinematic Characteristics Of Novices’ Sprint Techniques At Maximum Velocity Phase, Saburo Nishimura, Yoshinori Kinomura

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 5: Issue 1, Article 2, 2024. Sprint performance is a crucial aspect of achieving high performance across a range of sports. However, previous studies analyzing the sprint technique of novices have yielded disparate findings regarding effective sprint techniques. For instance, Saito and Ito (1995) found no significant difference in the maximum thigh angle of the free leg between boys aged 7 to 12 and sprinters. Conversely, Katoh et al. (2001) reported that elementary school sprinters indicated a larger maximum thigh angle of the free leg than novice elementary children. Inconsistency like this makes …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - January 25, 2024, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the January 25, 2024 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• Whiddon COM alumna returns to USA Health as hospitalist
• Meet a Med Student: Ryan McIlwain
• OB/GYN Student Interest Group hosts period product drive through Feb. 9
• Grelet presents research at mitochondria conference in Berlin

Behavioral Effects Of Novel Treatments For Pain Using Different Pathways, Danya M I Aldaghma

Theses and Dissertations

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensation that is mostly caused by a stimulus from our surroundings. This sensation has the potential to become a significant concern, disrupting daily activities, and diminishing overall quality of life. However, it could also hold significant importance as it serves as a protective mechanism. Pain acts as an alarm system for the human body, alerting it to potentially harmful situations where tissues may be at risk of damage1. Despite the considerable advancements in pain treatment and the extensive knowledge scientists possess regarding the pathophysiology and pathways of pain, numerous medications aimed at alleviating pain …

Evaluating Noninvasive Brain Stimulation To Treat Overactive Bladder In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol, Betsy H Salazar, Kristopher A Hoffman, John A Lincoln, Christof Karmonik, Hamida Rajab, Santosh A Helekar, Rose Khavari

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an often debilitating disease affecting the myelin sheath that encompasses neurons. It can be accompanied by a myriad of pathologies and adverse effects such as neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). Current treatment modalities for resolving NLUTD focus mainly on alleviating symptoms while the source of the discomfort emanates from a disruption in brain to bladder neural circuitry. Here, we leverage functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols and the brains innate neural plasticity to aid in resolving overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms associated with NLUTD.

Methods

By employing an advanced neuro-navigation …

Editorial: The Impact Of Social Media, Gaming, And Smartphone Usage On Mental Health, Justin Thomas, Fahad Al-Beyahi, Carl Gaspar

All Works

No abstract provided.

Manipal Journal Of Medical Sciences – Single Issue Per Year, Bukkambudhi V. Murlimanju, Krishnananda R.V. Prabhu

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

NA

Prevention And Potential Treatment Strategies For Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bo-Wen Sun, Peng-Peng Zhang, Zong-Hao Wang, Xia Yao, Meng-Lan He, Rui-Ting Bai, Hao Che, Jing Lin, Tian Xie, Zi Hui, Xiang-Yang Ye, Li-Wei Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant viral pathogen that causes respiratory infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. RSV-related illnesses impose a substantial economic burden worldwide annually. The molecular structure, function, and in vivo interaction mechanisms of RSV have received more comprehensive attention in recent times, and significant progress has been made in developing inhibitors targeting various stages of the RSV replication cycle. These include fusion inhibitors, RSV polymerase inhibitors, and nucleoprotein inhibitors, as well as FDA-approved RSV prophylactic drugs palivizumab and nirsevimab. The research community is hopeful that these developments might provide easier access to knowledge and …

Dementia Prediction In Older Adults Using Sex-Specific Health Trajectory Clustering, Omar A Ibrahim, Muskan Garg, Sunyang Fu, Maria Vassilaki, Ronald C Petersen, Jennifer St Sauver, Sunghwan Sohn

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

With increasing number of people living with dementia, the problem of late diagnosis significantly impacts a person's quality of life while early signs of dementia may provide useful insights to facilitate better treatment plans. With time, this progressive neurodegenerative syndrome could progress from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. A pattern of health conditions can be characterized in unsupervised manner to help predict this progress. As a significant extension to our previous work with streaming clustering model, we consider additional information for predicting dementia onset. With empirical observations, we discover the importance of examining sex and age to predict dementia onset. …

Interplay Between Atrx And Idh1 Mutations Governs Innate Immune Responses In Diffuse Gliomas, Seethalakshmi Hariharan, Benjamin T Whitfield, Christopher J Pirozzi, Matthew S Waitkus, Michael C Brown, Michelle L Bowie, David M Irvin, Kristen Roso, Rebecca Fuller, Janell Hostettler, Sharvari Dharmaiah, Emiley A Gibson, Aaron Briley, Avani Mangoli, Casey Fraley, Mariah Shobande, Kevin Stevenson, Gao Zhang, Prit Benny Malgulwar, Hannah Roberts, Martin Roskoski, Ivan Spasojevic, Stephen T Keir, Yiping He, Maria G Castro, Jason T Huse, David M Ashley

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Stimulating the innate immune system has been explored as a therapeutic option for the treatment of gliomas. Inactivating mutations in ATRX, defining molecular alterations in IDH-mutant astrocytomas, have been implicated in dysfunctional immune signaling. However, little is known about the interplay between ATRX loss and IDH mutation on innate immunity. To explore this, we generated ATRX-deficient glioma models in the presence and absence of the IDH1R132H mutation. ATRX-deficient glioma cells are sensitive to dsRNA-based innate immune agonism and exhibit impaired lethality and increased T-cell infiltration in vivo. However, the presence of IDH1R132H dampens baseline expression of key innate immune genes …

Circulating Metabolic Profile In Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Data From The Ipf-Pro Registry, Ross Summer, Jamie Todd, Megan Neely, L. Jason Lobo, Andrew Namen, L. Kristin Newby, Shirin Shafazand, Sally Suliman, Christian Hesslinger, Sascha Keller, Thomas Leonard, Scott M Palmer, Olga Ilkayeva, Michael Muehlbauer, Christopher Newgard, Jesse Roman

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The circulating metabolome, reflecting underlying cellular processes and disease biology, has not been fully characterized in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We evaluated whether circulating levels of metabolites correlate with the presence of IPF, with the severity of IPF, or with the risk of clinically relevant outcomes among patients with IPF.

METHODS: We analyzed enrollment plasma samples from 300 patients with IPF in the IPF-PRO Registry and 100 individuals without known lung disease using a set of targeted metabolomics and clinical analyte modules. Linear regression was used to compare metabolite and clinical analyte levels between patients with IPF …

Building A More Diverse Public Health Informatics Workforce: Preliminary Results, Susan H Fenton, Gabriela Mustata Wilson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The US public health infrastructure has been historically underfunded, a condition that was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This was especially noted in the area of public health informatics. It was also acknowledged that the lack of a diverse public health workforce made it more difficult to address biases and disparities effectively. In 2021 the Office of the National Coordinator awarded $73 million to 10 awardees to develop public health informatics and technology (PHIT) workforce training. The Gaining Equity in Training for Public Health Informatics and Technology (GET PHIT) award utilizes various methods to train and engage minority and underserved …

Insights On The Future Of Digital Health: An Analysis Of Twitter Posts Of Imia Fellows, David T Marc, Karima Lalani, Susan H Fenton, Kerryn Butler-Henderson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped technology-enhanced services in health and care organizations globally. As the world pivots towards a post-COVID-19 environment, it is essential to examine emerging trends amongst thought leaders in the health information technology sector. This study queried Twitter feeds of IMIA Fellows from 2013 through 2022, utilizing combinations of sentiment analysis, latent dirichlet allocation, and document analysis methods. The results provided a glimpse of positive sentiment year upon year, with the most negative sentiment prevalent in 2020, due to the onset of the pandemic. The findings from this study can be strategically used to analyze emerging trends …

Exploring A Mechanism Toward Automated Feedback For Cancer Patient Self-Reporting, Kevin Phong, Mengchen Ding, Youmin Cho, Yun Jiang, Yang Gong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

"Infobuttons" spearheaded electronic health records (EHR) based decision support by offering automated knowledge resources to physicians. However, how such a mechanism could be leveraged to provide optimal resources to patients remains unanswered. Informatics approaches are expected to utilize more relevant information beyond EHR, such as patient-reported outcomes, to support clinical decisions. This pilot study is intended to explore how patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events (PRO-CTCAE) in EHR can be incorporated and how to recommend tailored content to cancer patients via automated feedback.

Health Equity And Policy Considerations For Pediatric And Adult Congenital Heart Disease Care Among Minoritized Populations In The United States., Keila N. Lopez, Kiona Y. Allen, Carissa M. Baker-Smith, Katia Bravo-Jaimes, Joseph Burns, Bianca Cherestal, Jason F. Deen, Brittany K. Hills, Jennifer H. Huang, Ramiro W. Lizano Santamaria, Carlos A. Lodeiro, Valentina Melo, Jasmine S. Moreno, Flora Nuñez Gallegos, Harris Onugha, Tony A. Pastor, Michelle C. Wallace, Deidra A. Ansah

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Achieving health equity in populations with congenital heart disease (CHD) requires recognizing existing disparities throughout the lifespan that negatively and disproportionately impact specific groups of individuals. These disparities occur at individual, institutional, or system levels and often result in increased morbidity and mortality for marginalized or racially minoritized populations (population subgroups (e.g., ethnic, racial, social, religious) with differential power compared to those deemed to hold the majority power in the population). Creating actionable strategies and solutions to address these health disparities in patients with CHD requires critically examining multilevel factors and health policies that continue to drive health inequities, including …

Extracting Drug-Protein Relation From Literature Using Ensembles Of Biomedical Transformers, Avisha Das, Zhao Li, Qiang Wei, Jianfu Li, Liang-Chin Huang, Yan Hu, Rongbin Li, Wenjin Jim Zheng, Hua Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Automatic extraction of relations between drugs/chemicals and proteins from ever-growing biomedical literature is required to build up-to-date knowledge bases in biomedicine. To promote the development of automated methods, BioCreative-VII organized a shared task - the DrugProt track, to recognize drug-protein entity relations from PubMed abstracts. We participated in the shared task and leveraged deep learning-based transformer models pre-trained on biomedical data to build ensemble approaches to automatically extract drug-protein relation from biomedical literature. On the main corpora of 10,750 abstracts, our best system obtained an F1-score of 77.60% (ranked 4th among 30 participating teams), and on the large-scale corpus of …

An Icd For The Digital World: What Does The Icd-11 Research Show?, Susan H Fenton, Mary H Stanfill, Kathy Giannangelo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is now available for use. A literature search was conducted to review and summarize the research conducted to date. In addition to the ease of integration into electronic health records using standard digital tools such as uniform resource identifiers and application programming interfaces, ICD-11 and the World Health Organization provided linearization for mortality and morbidity, ICD-11-MMS, promise improved backward compatibility to ICD-10; increased availability in multiple languages; greater detail for clinical use, including traditional Chinese medicine; and enhanced maintenance for continued relevance. The studies reviewed here support the superior content …

Challenges In Selecting Patient-Reported Outcome Measures For Use In A Patient-Facing Technology, Priyank Raj, Youmin Cho, Yun Jiang, Yang Gong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been increasingly integrated into patient-facing technologies to engage and empower patients in cancer self-management at home. However, researchers and developers face several challenges in selecting the best-suited PROMs for patient-facing technologies, due to the complex nature of the disease, the multitude of PROMs with high psychometric quality, and the lack of clear standards for PROM utilization. In this paper, we have discussed these challenges, illustrated by breast cancer instruments.

A Patient-Centered Approach To Collecting And Displaying Patient Identifiers, Christina Van Hal, Jennifer L Mills, Mary Gatmaitan, Yang Gong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Patient identifiers such as name, date of birth, or gender are the first line of defense to ensure the accuracy of the health data displayed in health information exchange. Health data display is the impetus for clinical decisions and patient outcomes and directly correlates with promoting interoperability and health information exchange. Therefore, constant monitoring of quality metrics is imperative for clinical leaders to keep a pulse on what is happening within their organizations. However, the electronic health records (EHRs) designer should also take precautions to ensure the visualizations are not misleading, given that EHRs have been shown in some studies …

A Quantitative Analysis Of Patient-Facing Technologies For Patient Self-Reporting, Mengchen Ding, Youmin Cho, Yun Jiang, Yang Gong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Dramatic improvements in patient-facing technologies have demonstrated the potential to transform healthcare delivery for a 360-degree holistic view of care. A key question regarding how such technologies affect patient self-reporting still needs to be answered. This study presents the technologies and their associated key variables via quantitative analysis. Associations were found between single-platform and web-based applications (apps), Android apps and physician view, mental health disease, and user feedback. The results are intended to inform future design, development, and evaluation of patient-facing technologies. More systematic, theory-driven, framework-based design and evaluation are necessary to fully characterize the effectiveness and maintenance of patient-facing …

User-Centered Data Display For Clinicians To Diagnose And Manage Hypertension, Carly Ho, Oluwatumininu Layinka, Valerie Chukelu, Kevin Phong, Yang Gong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of hypertension are hindered by challenges stemming from limited access to comprehensive blood pressure (BP) data and the need for clinical context surrounding BP readings. Using handwritten tables for home-monitored BP exacerbates issues related to integration of electronic health records (EHRs) and trend analysis. This study employs user-centered design principles to develop prototypes for BP data visualization, with the primary goal of harmonizing disparate BP data sources to empower clinicians in precise hypertension diagnosis and management.

The Durability Of Antibody Responses Of Two Doses Of High-Dose Relative To Two Doses Of Standard-Dose Inactivated Influenza Vaccine In Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial., Jennifer E. Schuster, Lubna Hamdan, Daniel E. Dulek, Carrie L. Kitko, Einas Batarseh, Zaid Haddadin, Laura S. Stewart, Anna Stahl, Molly Potter, Herdi Rahman, Spyros A. Kalams, Claire E. Bocchini, Elizabeth A. Moulton, Susan E. Coffin, Monica I. Ardura, Rachel L. Wattier, Gabriela Maron, Michael Grimley, Grant Paulsen, Christopher J. Harrison, Jason L. Freedman, Paul A. Carpenter, Janet A. Englund, Flor M. Munoz, Lara Danziger-Isakov, Andrew J. Spieker, Natasha B. Halasa, Pediatric Hct Flu Study

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Our previous study established a 2-dose regimen of high-dose trivalent influenza vaccine (HD-TIV) to be immunogenically superior compared to a 2-dose regimen of standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (SD-QIV) in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. However, the durability of immunogenicity and the role of time post-HCT at immunization as an effect modifier are unknown.

METHODS: This phase II, multi-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial compared HD-TIV to SD-QIV in children 3-17 years old who were 3-35 months post-allogeneic HCT, with each formulation administered twice, 28-42 days apart. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers were measured at baseline, 28-42 days following each …

Learning From Non-Routine Events And Teamwork In Intensive Care Units: Challenges And Opportunities, Yang Gong, You Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) have profound and complex illnesses, often fraught with uncertainties in diagnoses, treatments, and care decisions. Clinicians often deviate from best practices to handle ICUs' myriad complexities and uncertainties. Non-routine events (NREs), defined as any aspect of care perceived by clinicians as deviations from optimal care, are latent and frequent safety threats that, if left unchecked, can be precursors to adverse events. Proper identification and analysis of NREs that represent latent safety threats have been proposed as a feasible and more effective approach for performance improvement than traditional root cause analysis for patient safety …

Literature Analysis On Ontologies Applied In Clinical Decision Support Systems, Xia Jing, Hua Min, Yang Gong, Paul Biondich, David Robinson, Timothy D Law, Christian G Nohr, Arild Faxvaag, Lior Rennert, Nina C Hubig, Ronald W Gimbel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Severe Dysphagia With Eosinophilic Esophagitis Pattern Of Injury Related To Pembrolizumab Therapy, James S Barnett, Kevin K Yu, Xavier Rivera Rivera, Asmeen Bhatt

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

While immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies are effective treatments for many cancers, ICI therapies are associated with immune-related adverse events. We present a 67-year-old man with non-small cell lung carcinoma, who developed severe dysphagia with biopsies from an esophagogastroduodenoscopy showing histopathology consistent with eosinophilic esophagitis while on ICI maintenance therapy with pembrolizumab. The patient's symptoms worsened despite standard therapy. However, he had complete resolution of dysphagia symptoms once pembrolizumab was discontinued. While immune-related adverse events affecting the gastrointestinal system are increasingly recognized, ICI-associated eosinophilic esophagitis is a rare entity.

Effect Of Russian Current Expert Modes On Quadriceps Muscle Torque In Healthy Adults: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial, Ansam Hasan, Ibrahim Moustafa, Tamer Shousha

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Russian current (RC), a well-known neuromuscular electrical stimulation operating at 2500 Hz, has demonstrated significant strength improvement over traditional exercises due to its high tolerance and low pain provocation. Despite extensive NMES parameter research, the specific effects of expert modes, particularly ON2 and Rest, remain unexplored. This study investigates the direct effect of these expert modes on quadriceps muscle strength in healthy adults.

METHODS: This is a single-blind, randomization-controlled trial. Forty-eight healthy university students (31 females, 17 males) were assigned in two randomized experimental groups either the ON2 or Rest mode for a 15-minute electrical stimulation session. Quadriceps maximum …

Desmoid Tumors: Current Perspective And Treatment, Ankit Mangla, Gary Schwartz

Faculty Scholarship

Desmoid tumors are rare tumors with a tendency to infiltrate locally. The lack of a standard treatment approach makes choosing the most appropriate treatment for patients challenging. Most experts recommend watchful observation for asymptomatic patients as spontaneous regression of tumor is observed in up to 20% of patients. Upfront resection of the desmoid tumor has fallen out of favor due to high morbidity and high relapse rates associated with the tumor. Systemic therapy has evolved over several decades. Where chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used over the last several decades, tyrosine kinase inhibitors came to the forefront …

Short-Term Impact Of Low-Intensity Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction On Mild Knee Osteoarthritis In Older Adults: A Pilot Study, Kang-Ho Kim, Seung-Ho Kang, Nackhwan Kim, Jaehyeong Choi, Seok Kang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This pilot study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of low-intensity exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) on older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Fifteen patients with KOA who were over 50 years old, participated and underwent low-intensity resistance knee exercises at 30% of their one-repetition maximum with BFR three times/week for two weeks. Pre- and post-exercise assessments included pain levels, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, isokinetic knee strength, lower extremity muscle volume (via leg circumference and muscle thickness), functional performance tests (timed up-and-go [TUG] and sit-to-stand [STS]), skeletal muscle index (SMI) using bioelectrical impedance analysis, …

Gliopredictor: A Deep Learning Model For Identification Of High-Risk Adult Idh-Mutant Glioma Towards Adjuvant Treatment Planning, Shuhua Zheng, Nikhil Rammohan, Timothy Sita, P Troy Teo, Yilin Wu, Maciej Lesniak, Sean Sachdev, Tarita O Thomas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Identification of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant glioma patients at high risk of early progression is critical for radiotherapy treatment planning. Currently tools to stratify risk of early progression are lacking. We sought to identify a combination of molecular markers that could be used to identify patients who may have a greater need for adjuvant radiation therapy machine learning technology. 507 WHO Grade 2 and 3 glioma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and 1309 cases from AACR GENIE v13.0 datasets were studied for genetic disparities between IDH1-wildtype and IDH1-mutant cohorts, and between different age groups. Genetic features such as mutations and …