Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Investment By Maternal Grandmother Buffers Children Against The Impacts Of Adverse Early Life Experiences, Samuli Helle, Antti O. Tanskanen, David A. Coall, Gretchen Perry, Martin Daly, Mirkka Danielsbacka

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Exogenous shocks during sensitive periods of development can have long-lasting effects on adult phenotypes including behavior, survival and reproduction. Cooperative breeding, such as grandparental care in humans and some other mammal species, is believed to have evolved partly in order to cope with challenging environments. Nevertheless, studies addressing whether grandparental investment can buffer the development of grandchildren from multiple adversities early in life are few and have provided mixed results, perhaps owing to difficulties drawing causal inferences from non-experimental data. Using population-based data of English and Welsh adolescents (sample size ranging from 817 to 1197), we examined whether grandparental investment …

Assessment And Management Of Vitamin Status In Children With Ckd Stages 2-5, On Dialysis And Post-Transplantation: Clinical Practice Points From The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce., Caroline E. Anderson, Jetta Tuokkola, Leila Qizalbash, Matthew Harmer, Christina L. Nelms, Stella Stabouli, Barry Toole, Nonnie Polderman, An Desloovere, Jose Renken-Terhaerdt, Molly R Wong Vega, Evelien Snauwaert, Johan Vande Walle, Dieter Haffner, Fabio Paglialonga, Rukshana Shroff, Vanessa Shaw, Larry A. Greenbaum, Bradley A. Warady

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk for vitamin deficiency or excess. Vitamin status can be affected by diet, supplements, kidney function, medications, and dialysis. Little is known about vitamin requirements in CKD, leading to practice variation.The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT), an international team of pediatric kidney dietitians and pediatric nephrologists, was established to develop evidence-based clinical practice points (CPPs) to address challenges and to serve as a resource for nutritional care. Questions were formulated using PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes), and literature searches undertaken to explore clinical practice from assessment to management of vitamin status in …

Evaluation For Mothers' Knowledge Of Childhood Tonsillitis, Ali Tahssen Alwan, Shukiryia Shadhan Chyad, Sahira Ayyed Abdul-Sahib

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: the inflammation of the tonsils is known as Tonsillitis; it is a well-known clinical condition that an infection of either virus or bacteria. It significantly affects children especially.

The aim of the present study was to identify knowledge of mother toward childhood tonsillitis and to find the relationship between mothers' knowledge of childhood of tonsillitis and some variables.

Methods: A cross section study design was adopted in order to achieve the objectives of study. data collection began from 17th September 2023 until 30th January 2024. A non-probability convenience sample of 160 mothers were recruited to the study. …

Impact Of Explicit Whole Class Oral Narrative Intervention On Oral And Written Language In Grade 1 Students, Diya Nair

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Oral language is one skill known to support written language development. Story-telling or narrative skills are important oral language skills that have been found to improve with explicit teaching and predict academic outcomes. This study investigated impact of the oral narrative intervention on the oral and written language skills of first-grade children. In a cross-over design with 63 participants from two schools, whole class intervention in one class per school was conducted in twelve 25–30-minute sessions over three weeks either during phase 1 or phase 2 of the study while the other class in each school completed their business-as-usual curriculum. …

Complete Dose Of Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Children In Indonesia And Factors Associated: A Community-Based Study, Putri Bungsu Machmud, Dwi Gayatri, Erni Astutik

Kesmas

Hepatitis B vaccination is widely recognized as the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B infection, yet the rate of complete vaccination among Indonesian children remains low. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of hepatitis B vaccination coverage among children and identify potential associated factors in Indonesia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The study involved 7,860 Indonesian mothers of children aged 12-59 months, providing data on their children's hepatitis B vaccination status and other relevant factors from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey. Overall, the rate of complete hepatitis B vaccination among children was relatively high (89.8%). Several …

Understanding Children's Best Interests For Healthcare Decisions: A Critical Interpretive Review, Micaela Nicole Forte

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

‘Best interests’ is a key ethical norm for children’s medical decision-making. While intended to guide parents and healthcare practitioners (HCPs) in their decisions, it has been criticized for its ambiguity and inconsistent application. In the context of childhood vaccination, ‘best interests’ faces unique challenges due to parental vaccine hesitancy, their preventative nature, and their dual benefits to individuals and the public. I employed critical interpretive review (CIR) methodology to analyze 58 empirical and non-empirical publications on children’s best interests and healthcare decisions, including vaccination. I identified five themes that furthered understandings of children’s best interests and healthcare decisions. ‘Best interests’ …

Adapted Cheerleading Program For The Pediatric Population, Hailee Cantrell, Mary Greer, Jasmine Mathew

Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium

There are limited adapted programs with educated professionals that exist for children with childhood disabilities to be able to adapt activities to the specific needs of the child. Due to the limited opportunities for participation in leisure activities, these children have limited opportunities to improve physical, verbal, or emotional skills with their peers. The objective of this capstone was to create an adapted cheerleading program for the pediatric population to improve their physical, emotional, and verbal abilities as well as improve their mental health and overall quality of life.

Consideration Of Language, Culture-Education, And Advocacy For Latino Families Who Use Therapy Services, Melina Rodriguez, Rachael Fox, Mary Greer

Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium

Latino families of children with ASD face additional barriers within society compared to other families, including surrounding stigma within the culture, language barriers, lack of resources, and lack of education on how to access these resources. One of the focuses of occupational therapy is to provide education and advocacy to individuals and their families who face occupational barriers. This program was created to provide education to Latino families of children diagnosed with ASD through participation in weekly sessions that cover various topics related to ASD.

Addressing The Potential Impacts Of Mental Illness Symptoms On Daily Occupations For Adolescents, Ashley Manjai, Mary Greer, Terah Harrison

Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium

This presentation discusses a program developed for adolescents to address mental illness symptoms and its impact on personal hygiene, academic performance, leisure, and social participation. The modules were developed under the title "Healthy Living" to take a more holistic approach to addressing mental health and the issues teenagers face daily. This presentation will provide an overview of the program's purpose, methods, and conclusion.

Occupational Impact Of Urinary Incontinence, Hannah Case, Karen Park

Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium

The purpose of this capstone project was to conduct a research study to identify if children with UI encountered occupational impacts due to their condition, as well as their caregivers. Twelve caregivers participated in an online survey investigating the occupational impact (supports, barriers, and limitations) of being a caregiver to a child who encounters UI. The survey addressed how their child’s UI affects various occupations. The findings indicate a significant impact on leisure participation and home management. The qualitative data was acquired through unobtrusive methods, including narratives, blogs, and lived experiences, to provide the perspective of how UI affects children. …

Manualized Occupational Therapy Intervention For Children And Adolescents With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Adam Mcmahon

Student Capstone Papers

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children can cause physiological and psychological reactions that can lead to impaired executive functioning and self-regulation skills that interfere with occupational engagement. Occupational Therapy (OT) utilizes an occupational perspective to treat children with PTSD. However, there is an absence of a manualized OT intervention in the literature that incorporates an occupation-based approach, utilizes graded occupation as the primary intervention, and tracks treatment progress and outcomes. The purpose of this capstone project was to create a manualized OT intervention protocol for OT practitioners to treat children with PTSD guided by the model of human occupation and …

Thriving Transitions: Supporting Children With Autism Through Their Transition To School, Jennica Cano, Angela Blackwell

Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium

Thriving Transitions is an educational guidebook created for parents of children with autism who are transitioning to school. Thriving transitions contains evidence and sensory based strategies for children with autism who are transitioning to school.

Manualized Occupational Therapy Intervention For Children And Adolescents With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Adam J. Mcmahon, Steven M. Gerardi

Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium

The capstone poster demonstrates the purpose for a manualized occupational therapy (OT) intervention for OT practitioners to treat children with post-traumatic stress disorder. The intervention uses an occupation-based approach informed by behavioral activation therapy and the model of human occupation principles. The manual includes two parts. Part one demonstrates the foundational principles for OT practitioners to obtain knowledge, skills, and tools before implementing the intervention. Part two outlines the treatment process beginning with evaluation, introducing manualized OT intervention to the child and the family member(s) and/or caregiver(s), treatment application, progress note, and discharge. The manualized OT intervention will allow OT …

Examining The Relationship Between Disability, Impairment, And Chronic Pain In Childhood Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review And Critical Analysis, Muning Zhang

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Young people with cerebral palsy (CP) experience chronic pain at rates higher than their non-disabled peers. Despite this recognition, there have been no studies that have addressed how young people with CP’s experiences with chronic pain are represented and studied in the literature, and especially not through a critical disability studies lens. Foucault’s notion of discourse was used to guide critical analysis of studies. This scoping review was guided by the research question: “What is known about the relation between children’s experiences of chronic pain and cerebral palsy in the health and rehabilitation literature?”. Thirty-five studies were included in …

Advocacy And Education For Children With Low Vision: Cortical Visual Impairment, Logan Coleman, Cynthia Haynes

Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium

This project addresses the gap in research and advocacy for children with low vision, particularly those diagnosed with Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI), the leading cause of visual impairment in children. Through a needs assessment and educational intervention, the project aimed to enhance occupational therapy (OT) students' understanding of low vision in children and their role in addressing it. Pre- and post-surveys revealed a significant increase in knowledge among students, highlighting the need for specialized education in OT curricula. The findings underscore the importance of integrating targeted interventions for children with low vision into OT practice.

Dance For Sensory Regulation To Increase Positive Classroom Behaviors, Breland Paline, Cassandra Nelson

Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium

Children have a primary occupation of play; however, children who are of elementary school age, 5-11 years old, also have a primary occupation of education. Through literature reviews, it has been found that dance can increase positive classroom behaviors such as creativity, classroom participation, and emotional regulation. A needs assessment was completed to gather a baseline of classroom behavior and information regarding the target population. Based on responses from the needs assessment, this program was curated for first-grade, second-grade, and third-grade classes. Classroom teachers completed a pre-survey related to student behaviors in the classroom, such as before and after physical …

Developing A Summer Enrichment Program For School-Aged Children: The Role Of Occupational Therapy In Summer Experiences, Morgann Lonczak

Department of Occupational Therapy Entry-Level Capstone Projects

Participation in summertime experience for youth have become increasingly popular in most recent years. With the growth in summer experiences including summer camp participation, there is a need to determine the role of occupational therapy in this emerging practice area to best serve the community. A 16-week capstone experience was completed under the supervision of Great Strides Rehabilitation occupational therapy staff. The capstone project aimed to fill a gap in summertime experiences by designing and implementing an occupational therapy led enrichment program to achieve the best outcomes for children and youth. A six-week enrichment program was successfully developed, and two-weeks …

Trends Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections Among Thai Pediatric Patients, Pintip Suchartlikitwong, Nopphon Wuthinantiwong, Watsamon Jantarabenjakul, Noppadol Wacharachaisurapol, Jiratchaya Sophonphan, Tanittha Chatsuwan, Thanyawee Puthanakit

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background While reductions in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have been reported, vancomycin prescription rates have remained high.

Objectives We aimed to update trends in pediatric prevalence and antibiotic susceptibilities of MRSA infections.

Methods We conducted a retrospective study in patients aged S. aureus infections during 2016-2022 at a Thai tertiary-care hospital. MRSA was defined when resistant to cefoxitin or oxacillin MIC of >4 µg/mL. Patients with MRSA infections and their first isolates were classified into HA-MRSA or CA-MRSA based on surveillance definitions. Antibiotic susceptibilities were tested using the VITEK 2XL automated system and disk diffusion. The annual prevalence of …

Sinonasal Anatomical Analysis In Nonsyndromic Bilateral Coronal Suture Craniosynostosis Using Computerized Tomography, Tunchanok Paprad, Netsiri Dumromgpisutikul, Warunee Napakaew

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Craniosynostosis is a deformity of the skull associated with the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. In children with syndromic craniosynostosis, anomalies related to the cranial base and midface contribute to midface hypoplasia, affecting the diameter of the axial facial concavity. Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, especially bilateral coronal suture craniosynostosis, may result in abnormal facial proportions and affect sinonasal anatomy.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to determine and analyze morphometric measurement values in the sinonasal cavity of patients with nonsyndromic bilateral coronal suture craniosynostosis.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 91 children, aged 0 - 10 …

Elementary School Teachers’ Lived Experiences Of Teaching Nutrition: A Qualitative Study, Ashley P. Vito Ms

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Early nutrition education is crucial for lifelong health and learning (Cusick et al., 2016). Elementary schools and teachers play a significant role in shaping children's understanding of nutrition (Cotton et al., 2020). Yet, there's limited research on teachers' experiences teaching nutrition to elementary students and how it affects their well-being. This qualitative study examines 13 Ontario-based teachers' experiences in delivering nutrition education. Interviews revealed themes such as teachers' perceptions of their role and secondly challenges and facilitators in teaching nutrition, including time constraints, resource scarcity, body image, and cultural differences. These findings offer insights into the complexities teachers face in …

Effectiveness Of An Occupational Therapy-Led Social Skills Group Using Parent Training: A Pilot Study, Sheryl Eckberg Zylstra, Yvonne L. Swinth, Aimee Sidhu, Julie Anderson

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Social skills support the development of a positive self-concept and engagement in a variety of life roles, habits, and routines. The Occupational Therapy Practice Framework clearly defines the occupational therapist’s role in working with children with difficulties in social skills; however, little research exists examining the effectiveness of occupational therapy-led group interventions to support social skills development. Incorporating parent training into social skill development can improve overall outcomes and reinforce skill development across contexts.

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether an occupational therapy-led social skill group, combined with parent training, was effective …

Children And Young People's Self-Reported Experiences Of Asthma And Self-Management Nursing Strategies: An Integrative Review, H. Kemble, Mandie Foster, J. Blamires, R. Mowat

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: To explore children and young people's (CYP) (5–24 years of age) self-reported experiences of asthma self-management strategies (ASMS) with nursing involvement across various settings. Background: Childhood asthma is an increasingly significant health issue, highlighting the importance of acquiring self-management skills to optimise future health outcomes. Registered nurses play a pivotal role in delivering appropriate, personalized self-management support. Methods: This integrative review searched four electronic databases: Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature via Elton B. Stephens Company, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Object, View and Interactive Design (OVID), and PubMed, that followed the Preferred Reporting …

The Evolution Of Body Posture In The Sagittal Plane In The Sensitive Growth Period Of Children And Adolescents Undergoing Individual Scoliosis Therapy: A Pilot Study, Barbara Rosołek, Katarzyna Smółka, Diana Celebańska, Monika Szarajew, Anna Zwierzchowska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: The shape of the spine in the sagittal plane undergoes evolution, which occurs specifically in children and adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (IS). The aim of the study was to verify the variability of body features and indicators in relation to the features and parameters of body posture in children and adolescents with IS. Materials and Methods: 61 measurements of children and adolescents (three age groups) with IS were collected. Body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, scoliosis major curve angle, thoracic kyphosis angle, lumbar lordosis angle, spine length, and pelvic tilt were measured. BMI and WHtR were calculated. …

Digital Gaming And Exercise Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Data From The Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Pediatric Study., Susana R. Patton, Robin L. Gal, Simon Bergford, Peter Calhoun, Mark A. Clements, Jennifer L. Sherr, Michael C. Riddell

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity and exercise are fundamental components of a healthy lifestyle for youth living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Yet, few youth living with T1D achieve the daily minimum recommended levels of physical activity. For all youth, regardless of their disease status, minutes of physical activity compete with other daily activities, including digital gaming. There is an emerging area of research exploring whether digital games could be displacing other physical activities and exercise among youth, though, to date, no studies have examined this question in the context of youth living with T1D.

OBJECTIVE: We examined characteristics of digital …

Australian Children's Physical Activity And Screen Time While In Grandparental Care, Michelle I. Jongenelis, Timothy Budden, Ben Jackson, Hayley Christian, Andrea Nathan, David Coall, Emma Glassenbury

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore Australian children's engagement in physical activity and screen time while being cared for by their grandparents. Method: Grandparents (N = 1,190) providing ≥3 hours of weekly care to a grandchild aged 3–14 years completed an online survey assessing their grandchildren's movement behaviours while in their care. Descriptive statistics were computed for frequency of engagement in unstructured and structured physical activities, minutes spent playing outdoors, and minutes spent engaged in screen time. Regression analyses were conducted to assess socio-demographic predictors of movement behaviours. Results: Playing in the yard was the most common …

Nutritional Supplementation In Children With Severe Pneumonia In Uganda And Kenya (Coast-Nutrition): A Phase 2 Randomised Controlled Trial, Sarah Kiguli, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Mainga Hamaluba, Elisa Giallongo, Karen Thomas, Florence Alaroker, Robert Opoka, Abner Tagoola, Shela Oyella, Damalie Nalwanga

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background Severe pneumonia in African children results in poor long-term outcomes (deaths/readmissions) with undernutrition as a key risk factor. We hypothesised additional energy/protein-rich Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTF) would meet additional nutritional requirements and improve outcomes.

Methods COAST-Nutrition was an open-label Phase 2 randomised controlled trial in children (aged 6 months-12 years) hospitalised with severe pneumonia (and hypoxaemia, SpO2 <92%) in Mbale, Soroti, Jinja, Masaka Regional Referral Hospitals, Uganda and Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya (ISRCTN10829073 (registered 6th June 2018) PACTR202106635355751 (registered 2nd June 2021)). Children were randomised (ratio 1:1) to enhanced nutritional supplementation with RUTF (plus usual diet) for 56 days vs usual diet (control). The primary outcome was change in mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) at 90 days as a composite with mortality. Secondary outcomes include anthropometric status, mortality, and readmissions at Days 28, 90 and 180.

Findings Between 12 August 2018 and 22 April 2022, 846 eligible children were randomised, 424 to RUTF and 422 to usual diet, and followed for 180-days [12 (1%) lost-to-follow-up]. RUTF supplement was initiated in 417/419 (>99%). By Day 90, there was …

Safety And Prescribing Recommendations For Verapamil In Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes (T1d): The Clver Experience., Laya Ekhlaspour, Bruce Buckingham, Colleen Bauza, Mark A. Clements, Gregory P. Forlenza, Anna Neyman, Lisa Norlander, Marcus Schamberger, Jennifer L. Sherr, Ryan Bailey, Roy W. Beck, Craig Kollman, Shannon Beasley, Erin Cobry, Linda A. Dimeglio, Emily Paprocki, Michelle Van Name, Antoinette Moran, Clver Study Group

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVES: To report the safety and side effects associated with taking verapamil for beta-cell preservation in children with newly-diagnosed T1D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighty-eight participants aged 8.5 to 17.9 years weighing ≥ 30 kg were randomly assigned to verapamil (N = 47) or placebo (N = 41) within 31 days of T1D diagnosis and followed for 12 months from diagnosis, main CLVer study. Drug dosing was weight-based with incremental increases to full dosage. Side effect monitoring included serial measurements of pulse, blood pressure, liver enzymes, and electrocardiograms (ECGs). At study end, participants were enrolled in an observational extension study …

Best Practice Of Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Gram-Negative Peritonitis In Children: Insights From The International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network Registry., Dagmara Borzych-Dużałka, Rebeca Same, Alicia Neu, Hui Kim Yap, Enrico Verrina, Sevcan A Bakkaloglu, Francisco Cano, Hiren Patel, Maria Szczepańska, Łukasz Obrycki, Ana Paula Spizzirri, Lisa Sartz, Karel Vondrak, Anabella Rebori, Gordana Milosevski-Lomic, Eugene Yu-Hin Chan, Biswanath Basu, Andrea Lazcano Pezo, Ariane Zaloszyc, Vimal Chadha, Franz Schaefer, Bradley A. Warady

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

INTRODUCTION: Gram-negative peritonitis (GNP) is associated with significant morbidity in children receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) and current treatment recommendations are based on limited data.

METHODS: Analysis of 379 GNP episodes in 308 children (median age 6.9 years, interquartile range [IQR]: 3.0-13.6) from 45 centers in 28 countries reported to the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network registry between 2011 and 2023.

RESULTS: Overall, 74% of episodes responded well to empiric therapy and full functional recovery (FFR) was achieved in 82% of cases. In vitro bacterial susceptibility to empiric antibiotics and lack of severe abdominal pain at onset were associated with …

Utilizing Dance/Movement Therapy For Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Development Of A Method, Jayda Pearson

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

While there is limited research on the use of dance/movement therapy (DMT) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This thesis introduces an intervention focused on utilizing (DMT) to assist children with ADHD in self-regulation during periods of dysregulation associated with the disorder. The research is backed by literature reviews covering various topics related to ADHD symptoms such as dysregulation, impulsivity, and attention difficulties. Furthermore, the thesis delves into the background of dance/movement therapy and explores how DMT can be integrated with other modalities such as play therapy for a comprehensive therapeutic approach.

The Effects Of Plant Milks On Bone Growth And Bone Density In Children And Adolescents, Julienne Ryland, Jeannel Miclat, Diana Peterson

Research Day

Introduction:

Improper nutrition is a controllable factor contributing to bone development during the peak growth years of 9-16 years old. In the past few decades, cow milk and dairy products have been the primary sources of vitamin D and calcium; however, the increased prevalence of plant-based dairy products on the market resulted in nutritional differences. Plant-based products have decreased amounts of vitamin D and calcium, disrupting endochondral ossification. Furthermore, plant milk generally has lower protein and fat content than cow milk. We hypothesize that consuming plant-based products may decrease metabolic fat stores, vitamin D, and calcium availability, thus lowering bone …