Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (Shbg) Mitigates Er Stress And Improves Viability And Insulin Sensitivity In Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Asc) Of Equine Metabolic Syndrome (Ems)-Affected Horses, Nabila Bourebaba, Mateusz Sikora, Badr Qasem, Lynda Bourebaba, Krzysztof Marycz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), which encompasses insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and predisposition to laminitis is a critical endocrine disorder among the most prevalent conditions affecting horses from different breeds. According to the most recent research, low human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) serum levels correlate with an increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, and may contribute to overall metabolic dysregulations. This study aimed to test whether exogenous SHBG could protect EMS affected adipose-derived stromal stem cells (EqASC

METHODS: EqASC

RESULTS: Obtained data demonstrated that exogenous SHBG treatment significantly promoted ASCs cells proliferation, cell cycle and survival with reduced …

Krasg12d Inhibition Reprograms The Tumor Microenvironment Of Early And Advanced Pancreatic Cancer To Promote Fas-Mediated Killing By Cd8+ T Cells, Krishnan K Mahadevan, Kathleen M Mcandrews, Valerie S Lebleu, Sujuan Yang, Hengyu Lyu, Bingrui Li, Amari M Sockwell, Michelle L Kirtley, Sami J Morse, Barbara A Moreno Diaz, Michael P Kim, Ningping Feng, Anastasia M Lopez, Paola A Guerrero, Francesca Paradiso, Hikaru Sugimoto, Kent A Arian, Haoqiang Ying, Yasaman Barekatain, Lakshmi Kavitha Sthanam, Patience J Kelly, Anirban Maitra, Timothy P Heffernan, Raghu Kalluri

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The KRASG12D mutation is present in nearly half of pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAC). We investigated the effects of inhibiting the KRASG12D mutant protein with MRTX1133, a non-covalent small molecule inhibitor of KRASG12D, on early and advanced PDAC and its influence on the tumor microenvironment. Employing 16 different models of KRASG12D-driven PDAC, we demonstrate that MRTX1133 reverses early PDAC growth, increases intratumoral CD8+ effector T cells, decreases myeloid infiltration, and reprograms cancer associated fibroblasts. MRTX1133 leads to regression of both established PanINs and advanced PDAC. Regression of advanced PDAC requires CD8+ T cells and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) synergizes with MRTX1133 …

Elimination Of Oncogenic Kras In Genetic Mouse Models Eradicates Pancreatic Cancer By Inducing Fas-Dependent Apoptosis By Cd8+ T Cells, Krishnan K Mahadevan, Valerie S Lebleu, Elena V Ramirez, Yang Chen, Bingrui Li, Amari M Sockwell, Mihai Gagea, Hikaru Sugimoto, Lakshmi Kavitha Sthanam, Desiree Tampe, Michael Zeisberg, Haoqiang Ying, Abhinav K Jain, Ronald A Depinho, Anirban Maitra, Kathleen M Mcandrews, Raghu Kalluri

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Oncogenic KrasG12D (Kras*) is critical for the initiation and maintenance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and a known repressor of tumor immunity. Conditional elimination of Kras* in genetic mouse models of PDAC leads to reactivation of Fas, CD8+ T cell mediated apoptosis, and complete eradication of tumors. Kras* elimination recruits activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and promotes the activation of antigen presenting cells. Mechanistically, Kras* mediated immune evasion involves epigenetic regulation of the Fas death receptor in cancer cells, via methylation of its promoter region. Further, analysis of human RNA sequencing identifies that high KRAS expressing PDAC tumors show …

The Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Semantic Integration In The Human Brain, Evan S Schaffer, Neeli Mishra, Matthew R Whiteway, Wenze Li, Michelle B Vancura, Jason Freedman, Kripa B Patel, Venkatakaushik Voleti, Liam Paninski, Elizabeth M C Hillman, L F Abbott, Richard Axel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

What are the spatial and temporal scales of brainwide neuronal activity? We used swept, confocally-aligned planar excitation (SCAPE) microscopy to image all cells in a large volume of the brain of adult Drosophila with high spatiotemporal resolution while flies engaged in a variety of spontaneous behaviors. This revealed neural representations of behavior on multiple spatial and temporal scales. The activity of most neurons correlated (or anticorrelated) with running and flailing over timescales that ranged from seconds to a minute. Grooming elicited a weaker global response. Significant residual activity not directly correlated with behavior was high dimensional and reflected the activity …

Reduced Maternal Immunity And Vertical Transfer Of Immunity Against Sars-Cov-2 Variants Of Concern With Covid-19 Exposure Or Initial Vaccination In Pregnancy., Rupsa Boelig, Sidhartha Chaudhury, Gregory D Gromowski, Sandra Mayer, Jocelyn King, Zubair H Aghai, Elke Bergmann-Leitner

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to evolve, we face new variants of concern with a concurrent decline in vaccine booster uptake. We aimed to evaluate the difference in immunity gained from the original SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine series in pregnancy versus SARS-CoV-2 exposure during pregnancy against recent variants of concern.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective analysis of previously collected samples from 192 patients who delivered between February 2021 and August 2021. Participants were categorized as 1) COVID vaccine: mRNA vaccine in pregnancy, 2) COVID-exposed, and 3) controls. The primary outcome was neutralizing capacity against wild-type, Delta, and Omicron-B1 between …

Peripheral Arterial Disease And Complications Of Total Knee Arthroplasty: Indications For Advanced Vascular Imaging And Minimally Invasive Soft Tissue Coverage Procedures, Kristopher Katira, Antony Martin, Anna Garbuzov, James Ferrer, Brian Chuong, Ross Parkerson, George Chimento

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Soft tissue coverage of knee wounds can be challenging, in particular in the setting of peripheral arterial disease and knee arthroplasty complications. Options for soft-tissue coverage range from conservative wound care to invasive pedicled and free flaps. Unlike traditional wound coverage problems in plastic surgery patients, arthroplasty coverage decisions oblige surgeons to take into account the possibility of secondary orthopedic procedures. The two cases presented in this manuscript demonstrate the importance of vascular imaging, in particular angiography. In both cases, the workhorse medial gastrocnemius flap harvest could have resulted in critical limb ischemia. When secondary orthopedic revision is required at …

Adapting Shift Work Schedules For Sleep Quality, Sleep Duration, And Sleepiness In Shift Workers., Gerben Hulsegge, Pieter Coenen, Gregg M Gascon, Manisha Pahwa, Birgit Greiner, Ciarán Bohane, Imelda S Wong, Juha Liira, Rachel Riera, Daniela V Pachito

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

BACKGROUND: Shift work is associated with insufficient sleep, which can compromise worker alertness with ultimate effects on occupational health and safety. Adapting shift work schedules may reduce adverse occupational outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of shift schedule adaptation on sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness among shift workers.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, and eight other databases on 13 December 2020, and again on 20 April 2022, applying no language restrictions.

SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, including controlled before-after (CBA) trials, interrupted time series, and cross-over trials. Eligible trials evaluated any of …

Integrative Multi-Omic Cancer Profiling Reveals Dna Methylation Patterns Associated With Therapeutic Vulnerability And Cell-Of-Origin, Wen-Wei Liang, Rita Jui-Hsien Lu, Reyka G Jayasinghe, Steven M Foltz, Michael C Wendl, Yizhe Song, Akshay Govindan, Xiang Li, Yize Li, Sunantha Sethuraman, Li Ding, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

DNA methylation plays a critical role in establishing and maintaining cellular identity. However, it is frequently dysregulated during tumor development and is closely intertwined with other genetic alterations. Here, we leveraged multi-omic profiling of 687 tumors and matched non-involved adjacent tissues from the kidney, brain, pancreas, lung, head and neck, and endometrium to identify aberrant methylation associated with RNA and protein abundance changes and build a Pan-Cancer catalog. We uncovered lineage-specific epigenetic drivers including hypomethylated FGFR2 in endometrial cancer. We showed that hypermethylated STAT5A is associated with pervasive regulon downregulation and immune cell depletion, suggesting that epigenetic regulation of STAT5A …

Enhanced Phenotypes For Identifying Opioid Overdose In Emergency Department Visit Electronic Health Record Data, Ralph Ward, Jihad S. Obeid, Lindsey Jennings, Elizabeth Szwast, William Garrett Hayes, Royal Pipaliya, Cameron Bailey, Skylar Faul, Brianna Polyak, George Hamilton Baker

School of Medicine Publications

Background

Accurate identification of opioid overdose (OOD) cases in electronic healthcare record (EHR) data is an important element in surveillance, empirical research, and clinical intervention. We sought to improve existing OOD electronic phenotypes by incorporating new data types beyond diagnostic codes and by applying several statistical and machine learning methods.

Materials and Methods

We developed an EHR dataset of emergency department visits involving OOD cases or patients considered at risk for an OOD and ascertained true OOD status through manual chart reviews. We developed and validated prediction models using Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boost, and Elastic Net models that incorporated …

Sex Differences In Paternal Arsenic-Induced Intergenerational Metabolic Effects Are Mediated By Estrogen, Yanfeng Xue, Yingyun Gong, Xin Li, Fei Peng, Guolian Ding, Zhao Zhang, Junchao Shi, Ilma Saleh Savul, Yong Xu, Qi Chen, Leng Han, Shengyong Mao, Zheng Sun

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Gene-environment interactions contribute to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and dyslipidemia. In addition to affecting metabolic homeostasis directly, drugs and environmental chemicals can cause persistent alterations in metabolic portfolios across generations in a sex-specific manner. Here, we use inorganic arsenic (iAs) as a prototype drug and chemical to dissect such sex differences.

METHODS: After weaning, C57BL/6 WT male mice were treated with 250 ppb iAs in drinking water (iAsF0) or normal water (conF0) for 6 weeks and then bred with 15-week-old, non-exposed females for 3 days in cages with only normal water (without iAs), to generate iAsF1 or conF1 …

Effects On Slp Graduate Students’ Clinical Skills Following “Case Study Nights”, George Pagano, Carmine Lacertosa, Fred Stal

Discovery Day

This poster describes the evolution of graduate students in their clinical knowledge and attitudes before and after participating in case study nights. Speech- Language Pathology students from Long Island University (LIU) -Brooklyn had the opportunity to observe a professional describe various clinical etiologies, assessments, and treatments coupled with a client presentation during two semesters. Student evaluations measured clinician’s outcome with respect to service delivery and treatment approaches when working with multiple clients with communication disorders.

Are We Ready For This?: Students’ Introspection On Clinical Preparedness, George Pagano, Lauren Sher, Caroline Woods

Discovery Day

This poster describes graduate student clinicians' self-assessment of preparedness for off-campus pediatric and adult externships in speech-language pathology by examining the reported positive components as well as perceived areas of development in their graduate-level preparation. The subsequent feedback has implications for enhancing the clinical preparation aspect of speech-language pathology graduate programs.

How To Stop Killing Patients With Healthcare-Associated Infections, Ann Bernstein, Emily Demino, Jonathan Eng, Peter Forman

Discovery Day

Background. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections, are a significant cause of preventable death for patients receiving treatment for medical or surgical conditions. HAIs are attributed to 99,000 patient deaths in the United States annually. These infections rack up an estimated $20 billion of additional costs per year by extending the length of stay for hospitalized patients and increasing the cost of treatment at the same time. Current empirical findings highlight the severity and gravity of the effect that HAIs have on patient communities around the world.

Methodology. The Google Scholar search engine was utilized with the search …

Tick-Talk: Human Babesiosis, Brieanne Bieber, Angelica Giuliani, Hannah Palochak

Discovery Day

Background: Human babesiosis is a parasitic infection caused by species of the protozoan Babesia, most commonly B. microti. The organism invades the erythrocytes causing them to lyse. The infection is transmitted through the Ixodes tick, which is commonly found on white mice and white tailed deer. Outbreaks of this disease most commonly occur in the Northeastern region of the United States, specifically New England and Long Island, New York, during spring and summer months, due to the greater proximity of vectors to humans. Patients who are infected can have a range of symptoms from asymptomatic to severe manifestations, including …

Prescription Drug Abuse, Matthew Barlow, Chloe Connolly, Tim Godfrey, Jenna Plean

Discovery Day

Background. In the United States, the leading cause of injury death is from prescription drug overdose. The most commonly abused prescription medications are (a) pain relievers (opioids), (b) CNS depressants (tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics), and (c) stimulants. Opioids are a class of drugs that includes both heroin and prescription pain relievers. CNS depressants are for managing anxiety and stimulates are used in ADHD. A consequence of abuse is drug overdose death, with opioids being the leading cause. Opioids are safe for short term use but have a strong potential to be abused resulting in addiction. In order to understand this …

All Shook Up: A Review Of Sport-Related Concussions In High School Athletes, Daniel Mclaren, Kevin O’Connell, Matthew Paparella, Nicholas Petito

Discovery Day

Background: Concussions comprise 24.8% of the total injuries in high school athletes, putting developing brains at risk for neurocognitive dysfunction. Recent research has been geared towards finding the most effective process for (a) diagnosing, (b) treating and (c) preventing concussions. The most recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that 329,290 children were diagnosed with a sports related concussion or traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 2012.

Methods: A systematic review of current literature was performed using the Long Island University online library database and Google Scholar. Search terms included: (a) concussion, (b) sports, (c) high …

Teen Pregnancy, Carly Anderson, Brianna Fuessler, Anna Forgach, Holly Stumpf

Discovery Day

Background. In 2015, more than 200,000 babies were born to women aged 15-19, a record low for teens in the United States. However, it remains substantially higher than in other western industrialized nations. The highest rates of teen pregnancy occur in the rural areas of the Southern states. Black and Hispanic teens are more than twice as likely as White teens to become pregnant. Factors that contribute to teen pregnancy include (a) low socioeconomic conditions, (b) lower education, (c) low income levels, (d) decreased healthcare access, and (e) being on welfare. The U.S. government has been working to combat these …

Domestic Violence, Kevin Berardi, Ashley John, Ryan Moran, Steph Perella

Discovery Day

Background. Domestic violence, intimate partner violence (IPV), or domestic abuse, is defined as a pattern of behaviors used by one partner to maintain power and control over another partner in an intimate relationship. These behaviors include physical acts and nonphysical acts, including using (a) intimidation, (b) coercion, (c) threats, (d) isolation, and (e) finances to maintain power. Domestic abuse occurs regardless of (a) race, (b) gender, (c) age, (d) sexual orientation, and (e) socioeconomic status. The immediate effects of domestic violence manifest in the form of physical injuries, including (a) cuts, (b) bruises, (c) bitemarks, (d) concussions, and (e) …

Have You Checked Your Skin Late?, Kristina Mortzfield, Jordan Clark, Lia Disciascio, Mary Lynam

Discovery Day

Background. Skin cancer, while preventable, is diagnosed in 20% of Americans. All populations are susceptible, but factors that increase risk of development include: (a) male gender, (b) fair skin, (c) aging, (d) personal history of UV radiation exposure, and (e) previous history of skin cancer. Non-melanoma types, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, have a lower risk of metastasis while melanoma, if not detected early, can result in distant and fatal metastasis.

Methods. A review of the literature was completed using Google. The terms searched included: (a) skin cancer risk factors, (b) skin cancer prevention, (c) skin cancer screening. …

Social Inequalities And The Adoption Of Health Misinformation In Cameroon: Implications On Health Behaviour, Eugene Nche Che

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Public health restrictions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an increase in the reliance on social media for peer interactions. This resulted in the proliferation of medical misinformation and conspiracy theories that undermined public support for disease control measures, and influenced negative health attitudes such as vaccine denial. The aim of this study was to determine how social inequalities influence the adoption of health related misinformation, and the extent to which the adoption of health misinformation results in poor health behaviours. The study employed an exploratory survey design, and relied on both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect …

Pica: The Mysterious Eating Disorder, James Ferrante, Justin Fisher, Tara Sung, Spencer Wenzel

Discovery Day

Background. ‘Pica’ is the Latin word for magpie, a bird that ingests inedible substances. The DSM-V defines pica as a disorder of persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances over a period of at least one month. Although pica is a disorder that affects a widespread population, it is seen as a social anomaly which prevents patients from admitting their behavior. As the behavior continues unnoticed and untreated, patients will experience the adverse effects of ingesting foreign materials. Thus, healthcare providers and family members should educate themselves on pica’s etiologies and manifestations to prevent complications and avoid unnecessary hospitalizations.

Methods. …

Postpartum Depression, Danny Masterson, Christina Butigian, Arlinda Kubati, Emily Ramdeholl, Leticia Sanchez

Discovery Day

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects 10-20% of women in the US. It is a condition in which mothers’ experience depression during pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum. Numerous physiological, socio-economic, and psychological factors have been linked to postpartum depression. Mothers with postpartum depression can experience feelings of (a) extreme sadness, (b) anxiety, and (c) exhaustion that may make it difficult for them to complete activities of daily living for themselves or for others. PPD in its severest form can lead to suicide and acts of harming the newborn.

Methodology: Information was gathered using the search engines: (a) Pubmed, (b) PubMed …

Cracking The Code: The Systematic Development Of A Matrix To Increase Credible And Dependable Coding Of Qualitative Data, Greta Gray, Ms, Otr/L

Post-Professional Occupational Therapy Doctorate Culminating Presentations

A systematic, credible, and dependable coding matrix was developed to deductively code the qualitative data from the Clinician’s Perceptions of Infusing Coaching into their Occupational Therapy Practice study (CPIC). A coding matrix is used to organize qualitative data into meaningful units of text to be interpreted by the researchers. Codes for this project were deductively organized under categories from Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation Theory (RDIT), a framework that identifies how a new idea is adopted in practice. Five preliminary coders, with one leading the process, participated in the development of the coding matrix to reduce the risk of bias influencing …

Life Balance, Stress, And Occupational Burnout In Occupational Therapy Assistant Students: An Exploratory Study, Olivia W. Hammond, Mba, Otr/L, Cht

Post-Professional Occupational Therapy Doctorate Culminating Presentations

The United States healthcare worker burnout crisis demands immediate attention. College is critical for preparing occupational therapy assistant students (OTA) to address life balance, stress, and burnout as they transition into the workforce. However, little is known about these factors in this population. In this doctoral presentation, the primary author presents her doctoral project, which explored OTA students' life balance and its association with their perceived stress and occupational burnout across employment status, residential status, years of study, and age. A cross-sectional Qualtrics e-survey was distributed to OTA students ages 18 and older, including a demographic survey, Life Balance Inventory …

Neurofeedback Within The Scope Of Occupational Therapy With Clients With Substance Use Disorder: A Scoping Review, Aundrea Culliver, Mary Ann Smith, Steven M. Gerardi, Colin Ross

Summer 2023 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a problematic pattern of use of a substance or substances, leading to impairments to health, social function, and control of a substance. This negatively affects everyday activities of daily living, and occupation performance that causes a disruption to physical, mental, and social health.

Now, Neurofeedback is a noninvasive biotherapy that uses audio or video feedback to reinforce healthy brain function. This type of intervention usually works by having a patient listen to music and putting electrodes on a patient’s head that pick up negative or positive brain activity or waves. And if the negative activity …

Setting The Stage: Building And Activating Background Knowledge, Melinda Turner Ed.D.

Other Scholarly Works

The presentation focuses on the importance of activating background knowledge and gaining student attention in the learning process. The presentation will cover: information, understanding, background knowledge, purpose, and attention as they relate to the learning cycle. It will provide an example of the learning cycle in action. The presentation will discuss activating background knowledge through the lens of analysis, the four-part processing model, Scarborough’s Reading Rope, and connecting to prior knowledge. Finally, the presentation will lay out four instructional routines for gaining student attention and discuss critical thinking.

Erg K+ Channels Mediate A Major Component Of Action Potential Repolarization In Lymphatic Muscle, Hae Jin Kim, Min Li, Emma C Erlich, Gwendalyn J Randolph, Michael J Davis

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Smooth muscle cells in the walls of collecting lymphatic vessels fire spontaneous action potentials (APs), which conduct rapidly over the muscle layer to initiate contractions that propel lymph. Several ion channels have been implicated in the currents underlying the AP spike and the preceding diastolic depolarization, but the molecular identities of K

Mapping Between Cognitive Theories And Psycho-Physiological Models Of Attention System Performance, Oliver A. Guidetti, Craig P. Speelman, Peter Bouhlas

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Declines in the capacity to sustain attention to repetitive, monotonous tasks is a phenomenon known as vigilance decrement (Endsley M, Kiris E. The out-of-the-loop performance problem and level of control in automation. 1995. Hum Factors. 37:32-64). This review compares cognitive theories with psycho-physiological models of vigilance decrement, and a gap is identified in mapping between the 2. That is, theories of vigilance decrement refer to "cognitive" resources; by contrast, psychophysiological models of the cerebral systems associated with attention explain performance functions according to neurochemical resources. A map does not currently exist in the literature that bridges the gap between cognitive …

Theories Of Consciousness And A Life Worth Living, Liad Mudrik, Myrto Mylopoulos, Niccolo Negro, Aaron Schurger

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

What is it that makes a life valuable? A popular view is that life’s moral worth depends in some way on its relationship to consciousness or subjective experience. But a practical application of this view requires the ability to test for consciousness, which is currently lacking. Here, we examine how theories of consciousness (ToCs) can help do so, focusing especially on difficult cases where the answer is not clear (e.g. fetuses, nonhuman animals, unresponsive brain-injured patients, and advanced artificial systems). We consider five major ToCs and what predictions they offer: Integrated information theory, Higher-Order Thought Theory, Recurrent Processing Theory, Global …

The Classification Of Obesity Based On Metabolic Status Redefines The Readmission Of Non-Hodgkin’S Lymphoma—An Observational Study, Eunju Kim, Kazuaki Mawatari, Seung-Hee Yoo, Zheng Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Obesity is a known risk factor for metabolic diseases and is often associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue. We previously identified the polyethoxylated flavonoid Nobiletin (NOB) as a circadian clock modulator that directly binds to and activates the ROR receptors in the core oscillator, markedly improving metabolic fitness in obese mice. Here, we show that NOB enhanced the oscillation of core clock genes in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, including ROR target genes such as Bmal1, Cry1, Dec1, and Dec2. NOB inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 and SVF cells, concomitant with the dysregulated circadian expression of adipogenic …