Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Does Whole-Body Vibration Therapy Improve Gross Motor Function In Patients 21 Years Old Or Younger With Cerebral Palsy?, Jordyn Walker

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine if whole-body vibration therapy, when used as an adjuvant to conventional physical therapy, improves gross motor function in patients aged 21 or younger with cerebral palsy (CP).

Study Design: A systematic review of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one case series published between 2015 and 2022.

Data Sources: The research was published in peer-reviewed journals and accessible through a search using PubMed. Studies were selected based upon a more recent date of publish and their ability to gauge gross motor function by using a patient-oriented outcome measure.

Outcomes: …

Is Stem Cell Injection An Effective Method For Reducing Pain In Adults With Chronic Discogenic Back Pain?, Noelle T. Phounsavath

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this systemic review is to determine “Is Stem Cell Injection an Effective Method for Reducing Pain in Adults with Chronic Discogenic Back Pain?”

Study Design: A systemic review of two randomized control trials and one case study published between 2015 and 2021.

Data Sources: All three studies were discovered using PubMed. The articles were published in English in peer-reviewed journals and selected based on applicability to the clinical question.

Outcome Measured: A reduction in pain severity was the outcome measured in all three studies using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Scores ranged from 0-100 with higher …

Is Vitamin D An Effective Add-On Therapy For Decreasing Migraine Frequency In Adults?, Jazmin Conway

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine “Is Vitamin D an effective add-on Therapy for Decreasing Migraine Frequency in Adults”

Study Design: A review of two randomized controlled trials and a placebo-controlled double-blind study that were peer-reviewed and published in English after the year 2011.

Data Sources: All articles were obtained using PubMed, Alt HealthWatch, AMED and CINAHL Plus. Articles were selected based on their relevance to the topic, ability to answer the question posed, and having outcomes that were patient oriented.

Outcome measured: A change in migraine frequency using headache diaries and migraine questionnaires, is …

Does Mindful Breathing Reduce Negative Symptoms In Palliative Care Patients?, Katelyn Steenvoorden

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “does mindful breathing reduce negative symptoms in palliative care patients?”

Study Design: A systematic review of three non blinded randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between 2011 and 2021.

Data Sources: All three RCTs were discovered using PubMed. The articles were published in peer-reviewed journals and selected based on relevance to the research question.

Outcome Measured: The change in negative symptoms after mindful breathing was measured differently in each study. In one study, patients rated their suffering 0-10 using a pictogram. In a second study, …

Is Mindfulness- Based Stress Reduction (Mbsr) More Effective Than Standard Care In Reducing Anxiety In Breast Cancer Survivors With A Diagnosis Of Stage 0 – Iii Breast Cancer?, Emma Poulshock

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “is mindfulness- based stress reduction (MBSR) more effective than standard care in reducing anxiety in breast cancer survivors with a diagnosis of Stage 0 – III breast cancer?”

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three randomized control trials (RCT).

DATA SOURCES: All three RCTs were published in English and taken from peer-reviewed journals using PubMed. The articles were published between 2012-2021.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcome measured included reduction in anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and POMS total mood disturbance (and its subscale of anxiety).

RESULTS: In the …

Is Intuitive Eating Effective In Improving Eating Related Attitudes And Behaviors In Adult Women?, Haley C. Delligatti

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not Intuitive Eating (IE) is effective in improving eating related attitudes and behaviors in adult women.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

DATA SOURCES: PubMed was utilized to find three randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results were filtered by English language, published after the year 2011, and with adult female participants.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcome of significance is eating related attitudes and behaviors, as measured by the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES). An older, 27-Item IES was utilized in one study, while the newer 21-Item …

Are Hip Exercises Effective At Reducing Patellofemoral Pain?, Danielle Dillenbeck

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine “Are Hip Exercises Effective at Reducing Patellofemoral Pain?”

Study Design: A systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English after 2011.

Data Sources: All three studies were selected from peer reviewed journals on PubMed based on their relevance to the clinical question and having patient oriented outcomes.

Outcome Measured: The outcome measured was reduction in patellofemoral pain and this was measured through the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS). Scores range from 0-100 with lower scores indicating greater pain and disability. The mean change from baseline was …

Does Non-Invasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation (Nvns) Improve Migraine Headaches In Adult Patients?, Gavin T. Heard

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Does non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation (nVNS) improve migraine headaches in adult patients?”

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2011 and 2022.

DATE SOURCES: The studies were found in PubMed and were published in English peer-reviewed journals. The studies were selected based on if they contributed information toward the clinical question.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Migraine symptom reduction was measured based on patient reported change in migraine pain and frequency from baseline.

RESULTS: The Diener et al. study found that utilizing nVNS …

Is Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (Tens) Therapy To The Pelvic Region Effective In Alleviating Menstrual Pain In Adolescent And Young Adult Females With Primary Dysmenorrhea?, Cindy Lin

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy to the pelvic region effective in alleviating menstrual pain in adolescent and young adult females with primary dysmenorrhea?”

Study Design: A systemic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2011 and 2022.

Data Sources: All three RCTs were discovered using PubMed, CINAHL, AMED, Academic Search Premier, and Alt HealthWatch. The articles were published in English in peer-reviewed journals and selected based on applicability to the clinical question.

Outcome Measured: A reduction in intensity of menstrual pain was …

Does Administration Of Prehospital Plasma Improve Survival Rates In Injured Adults At Risk For Hemorrhagic Shock?, Carly Belko

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether administration of prehospital plasma will improve survival rates in injured adults at risk for hemorrhagic shock.

Study Design: A systematic review of two randomized controlled trials (RCT) and one retrospective cohort study

Data Sources: All three studies were identified using PubMed and selected based on their ability to answer the clinical question while including patient-oriented outcomes (POEMs). All articles were peer-reviewed, published in English, and published on or after 2011.

Outcomes Measured: The outcomes addressed were survival rates, calculated using mortality rates based on if the patient was …

Is Intravenous Ketamine Efficacious For Symptom Reduction In Adults Diagnosed With Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?, Cassandra H. Mckenna

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not intravenous ketamine is efficacious for symptom reduction in adults diagnosed with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.

Study Design: A systematic review of two randomized controlled trials (RCT) and one case series published between 2014 and 2021.

Data Sources: All three studies were discovered using PubMed. The articles were published in English, in peer-reviewed journals, and selected based on their relevance to the clinical question, inclusion of patient-oriented outcomes, and recency.

Outcome Measured: The outcome of reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity was measured in each …

Do Ranibizumab Intravitreal Injections With Laser Therapy Improve Visual Acuity In Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Better Than Monotherapy Of Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injections?, Daniel P. Sawtelle

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not combination therapy of intravitreal ranibizumab injections plus laser photocoagulation increases best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in adults with diabetic retinopathies better than monotherapy of intravitreal ranibizumab injections.

Study Design: This EBM literature review assesses the efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab injections in combination with laser photocoagulation by measuring best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients with diabetic retinopathies and compares it to monotherapy of ranibizumab injections. All sources are published primary literature sources that have been subjected to scrutiny in peer reviewed journals.

Data Sources: Three randomized …

Are Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists Effective In Reducing Heavy Menstrual Bleeding In Women With Uterine Fibroids?, Joanna Burton

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Are gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists effective in reducing heavy menstrual bleeding in women with uterine fibroids?”

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2018-2021.

DATA SOURCES: The studies were found using PubMed. All resources were published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language. Each study was selected based on its relevance to the clinical question.

OUTCOME MEASURED: In each RCT, the outcome of reduction in menstrual bleeding was measured. In Schlaff et al. and Carr et al. a chemical analysis of blood …

Are Omega-3 Supplements An Effective Treatment In Reducing The Number Of Aphthous Ulcers In Patients With Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis?, Alicia Martin-Conyers

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Are omega-3 supplements an effective treatment in reducing the number of aphthous ulcers in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis?”

Study Design: A systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2014 and 2021.

Data Sources: All three RCTs were discovered using PubMed. The articles were published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Articles were selected based on their relevance to the clinical question and if they included patient-oriented outcomes.

Outcome Measured: Number of aphthous ulcers after six months was the outcome measured in all three …

Glyceryl Trinitrate Cream Versus Lateral Sphincterotomy In Management Of Chronic Anal Fissure: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study, Naser T. Elshamy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective The aim is to compare complications and long-term outcome of two treatment modalities of chronic anal fissure: chemical sphincterotomy by glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) cream and lateral internal sphincterotomy. Background Treatment of chronic anal fissure is achieved by the reduction in the tone of the internal anal sphincter either chemically or surgically. Patients and methods In the period from November 2013 to October 2015, all patients who were admitted to the Department of General Surgery in Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital complaining of chronic anal fissure were included in the study. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients were selected and …

An Observational Study Of The Association Of Preoperative Mri Findings And Intraoperative Findings In Patients With Fistula In Ano, Tushar Sharmaa, Nabal K. Mishra, Shyam Lal, Tanweer Karim, Rahul Rohitaj, Gaurav Patel

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective To assess the precision of preoperative MRI pelvis for identification of anal fistulas with regard to intraoperative findings. Patients and methods A prospective observational cohort study was done in the Department of General Surgery, over a period of 18 months (October 2019–April 2021) during which all diagnosed cases of fistula in ano admitted for elective surgery were included and operated by an experienced surgeon. MRI and clinical evaluation were done preoperatively and correlated with intraoperative findings. Patients were followed up for 12 weeks during which recurrence and complications were noted. Results The mean age of the patients was 36.98 …

Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials In Patients With Single Sided Deafness, Alshymaa Ibrahim Hammad, Sanaa Mahran

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction: Clinically unilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss known as single-sided deafness (SSD). It is defined by severe-to-profound hearing thresholds with a poor word recognition ability. SSD is not uncommonly encountered in otology, their symptoms is hearing loss and often associated with the vestibular system. In SSD otolithic dysfunction may be frequently misdiagnosed and majority of patients affected by cochlear and superior vestibular nerve then inferior vestibular nerve. Otolith damage may be present in patients with SSD because they sharing a membranous structure in addition they have similar receptor cell. The vestibule and cochlea may be impacted by the …

Assessment Of The Right Ventricular Function Before And After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery By Conventional And Tissue Doppler Echocardiography, Emmanuel L. Aziz, Mohamed Abbas, Ashraf Abd-Elaziz, Wayel S. Bebawy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Aim of the work To study the extent of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in ischemic patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Patients and methods RV function was studied preoperatively and followed for 1 month postoperatively in 40 patients who were scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery and in other 40 controls. We evaluated RV function by tissue Doppler study of the tricuspid annulus and the basal septum, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and RV dimensions. Both LV dimensions, left atrium dimensions, and aortic root dimensions were also measured before and after surgery. Results RV function was significantly reduced …

Mortality Rate Among Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome On Non-Invasive Respiratory Support (Nirs): A ٌRetrospective Multicenter Study, Abeer E.S. Hamed, Alaa A. Rashad, Manar A. El Desouky, Mahmoud H. Dawabah, Mohamed M. A. Shaheen, Heba Allah M. Sherief, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Sohaila A Abd El-Halim

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Neonatal acute respiratory distress is a common cause for mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates. Non-invasive ventilation is crucial for preterm neonates, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation and nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Recently, heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula modes have been revealed as more efficient non-invasive ventilation mode in improving functional residual capacity however, other studies have questioned its efficacy and safety in comparison to other non-invasive ventilation. Many studies have investigated the common predictive factors that are associated with intubation and failure of spontaneous breathing. Consequently, this study aimed at investigating the common factors associated with prolonged …

Role Of High-Resolution Ultrasonography And Electromyography In The Evaluation Of Patients With Flat Foot, Mai M. Kamel, Ahmed Abdelrahman Elatreby, Amr M. Gamil, Gamal Salah Eldin Elmorsy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective: The present work aimed to assess the abductor hallucis (AH) muscle changes using sonographic and electrophysiologic studies in flatfoot patients. Patients and methods: This study included 60 patients with flatfoot deformity (group I) and 20 age and sex-matched healthy individuals as a control group (group II). The patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical assessment, foot x-ray examination, high-resolution ultrasound, and surface electromyography (EMG) of AH muscle. Using a plain x-ray, Meary's angle was measured, and severity grading was categorized for the patient group. Results: The AH ultrasonography revealed a significant difference between patient and control groups regarding …

Crossed Testicular Ectopia (Cte), A Rare Anomaly: Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Mohammed Rabea Balaswad, Wael Ghorab, Shrief Mebed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

BACKGROUND: A relatively uncommon urogenital anomaly known as crossed testicular ectopia (CTE) can be defined by the emigration of one testis into the opposing inguinal canal, which could possibly be ectopic in the abdominal cavity, inguinal region, or even descend to the opposing hemi-scrotum. Following a review of the literature, the most common classification is to subdivide CTE into three categories based on associations: I, which tends to be associated with inguinal hernia alone; II, which is predominantly associated with persistent mullerian remnants; and III, which is most frequently associated with other anomalies without mullerian remnants. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe …

Assessment Of Outcome Of Cochlear Implant In Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder Using Speech In Noise Test, Ahmed Mostafa, Sameh Nazmi Siam, Azza Abdel Aziz Azzam, Hanaa Fadel

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction: Children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) generally struggle with auditory and language treatment, and cochlear implants' (CIs') outcomes can be unpredictable. environmental noise. The speech discrimination ability is the main complaint of those patients especially in background Objective: Assessment of the ability of young children diagnosed with ANSD who underwent CI in one ear to discriminate speech by using "speech in noise test" with 0 Signal to noise ratio (S/N) and comparing them with matched children with severe to profound sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods: The study was conducted on 27 children who received "unilateral" CI of different …

Outcome Of Different Treatment Methods In Patients With Tinnitus And Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction, Sanaa Mahran Mohamed Andeil, Anwar Moawad Elbatawy, Zienab Shalaby Farid Shalaby

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction: Otology symptoms can be the presenting complain among patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. The ear symptoms related to Temporomandibular joint dysfunction are hearing loss and tinnitus. Tinnitus related to TMJ dysfunction is referred to as a type of somatic tinnitus, and it is caused by a musculoskeletal problem, which should be investigated with different methods of treatment to increase the best efficiency of treatment. Objective: Evaluation of different outcomes of different treatment modalities for patients with tinnitus and TMJ dysfunction by using the advantage of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy versus night guard and medication to determine which of these …

Effect Of Empagliflozin Metformin With Clomiphene Citrate Versus Metformin With Clomiphene Citrate On Cases Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Diaa Shams Eldin El Gohary, Mohammed Mohammed Ismail, Ahmed Mahmoud El Khayat, Sherin Barakat Elbohoty

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age associated with long-term metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. Aim and objectives: In this research, we aimed to assess the impact of Empagliflozin Metformin with Clomiphene Citrate versus Metformin with Clomiphene Citrate on weight reduction and its impact on folliculometry and ovarian volume in cases of Polycyctic Ovary Syndrome. Subjects and Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial; in which 150 Patients were being randomly assigned into two equal groups; Group A: 75 cases received empagliflozin metformin 12.5/500 mg Continously once daily plus clomiphene citrate 50 mg …

Community-Acquired Pneumonia Among Hospitalized Children: Risk Factors, Characteristics, And Outcomes, Marwa Taha, Hanaa Abdel-Wahab

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) represents one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity among under-five children worldwide. More than 75% of these fatalities are caused by severe pneumonia. Objectives to identify the potential risk factors associated with severe CAP among under-five children hospitalized with CAP. Patients and Methods This prospective observational study was conducted on children, aged 1 to 59 months, who were admitted with CAP to the Department of Pediatrics, Mataria Teaching Hospital, Egypt. Based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, patients were classified into two groups; CAP and severe CAP. Data including demographic, children's history, clinical assessment, …

A Rare Case Of Fahr’S Disease, Kesar Prajapati, Vishakha Vinod, Sumit Bochiwal

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Fahr’s syndrome, a rare syndrome, is characterized by symmetrical and bilateral intracranial calcifications. A 23-year-old male patient presented with generalized tonic–clonic convulsion and muscle cramps for 1 month. The patient’s blood counts, blood sugar levels, serum sodium, and serum potassium were normal. Computed tomography scan of the brain revealed bilateral symmetrical hyperdensities, suggestive of calcification in globus pallidus, putamen, thalami, caudate and dentate nuclei of the cerebellum, and subcortical white matter of both cerebral hemispheres. The findings were suggestive of Fahr’s disease. His serum ionized calcium levels were low with high phosphate levels (with increased parathormone levels), suggesting the association …

Saphenous Vein Harvesting With Endoscopy Versus No-Touch Technique: Short-Term Results, Tamer El Bannaa, Mohamed M. Mohamed, Ahmed Zayed, Yasser A. Sadek

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective ‘No-touch’ (NT) saphenous vein harvesting maintains vasa vasorum, resulting in less medial ischemic affection, which leads to improved short-term and long-term patency. However, it may also be associated with a higher rate of wound complications. Endovascular vein harvesting (EVH) has a low rate of wound complications but also a tendency toward a lower patency rate. The aim was to compare wound complications and short-term symptomatic relief, which could be an indication of functioning grafts. Patients and methods During a 2-year period (2018–2019), in a nonrandomized prospective study, we monitored patients after coronary artery bypass graft for recurrence of ischemic …

Voice Quality Assessment In Cases Of Vocal Fold Gaps After Single Growth Factor Injection, Amr Roushdyel Badrawy, Asmaa Abdel Hamid, Israa Eltaweel, Azza Abdel Aziz Azzam

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

In severe vocal fold (VF) lesions, deposits of disorganized, thick collagen bundles and little hyaluronic acid (HA) are deposited in the superficial layer of lamina propria (SLP). These changes lead to severe dysphonia and aspiration, which could be complicated by fatal pneumonia. Unfortunately, no specific treatment has been recognized due to unpredictable VF regeneration. Current progress in regenerative medicine has allowed the development of tissue engineering techniques using cells, scaffolds, and growth factors (GFs). Extrinsic GFs application could help in the induction of the regenerative process. The work aims to assess the voice quality after a single GF injection of …

The Passing Board, John Fitzgerald

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

For my Honors Research Project I am taking a more personal route and looking to solve a childhood question/issue by designing a board that is small and easy to transport while also giving the best bounce pass possible. My proposed project would be a board that a soccer player can play a bounce pass onto and receive the ball from. The base of this design sounds simple enough, however, I would like to implement a way that the board can be adjusted to alter the angle of return of the soccer ball after the bounce. I also want to design …

The Effects Of Exercise On Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Julia Hofacker

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This Honors Research Project will look at the impact of various types of exercise on the speech, language, and behavior of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. The goal of this research project is to determine how exercise can be implemented into speech and therapy programs in order to better improve the communication skills of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. To accomplish this, recent studies and publications will be analyzed to compare traditional therapy methods and therapy methods that include exercise. These studies will provide data on how various types of exercise impacted adolescents with autism spectrum disorder speech, language, behavior, …