Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

ผลสำเร็จของการรักษาเนื้อเยื่อในแบบคงความมีชีวิตในฟันแท้ที่ผุลึก การทบทวนวรรณกรรมอย่างเป็นระบบ, ฤดีมาศ พัฒนพงศานนท์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

บทนำ: การทบทวนวรรณกรรมอย่างเป็นระบบนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อหาผลความสำเร็จของการรักษาเนื้อเยื่อในแบบคงความมีชีวิตวิธีการต่างๆ ได้แก่ การปิดทับเนื้อเยื่อในโดยตรง การทำพัลโพโตมีบางส่วนและการทำพัลโพโตมีในฟันแท้ที่ผุทะลุโพรงประสาทฟัน โดยแบ่งตามการวินิจฉัย ได้แก่ Reversible pulpitis และ Irreversible pulpitis วิธีดำเนินการ: ทำการสืบค้นงานวิจัยและการศึกษาผ่านฐานข้อมูลอิเล็กทรอนิกส์และสืบค้นด้วยมือ งานวิจัยที่ตรงตามเกณฑ์คัดเข้าจะถูกคัดเข้ามาทำการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล การประเมินความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดอคติ (Risk of bias) ทำโดยใช้แบบประเมิน RoB 2 และ the ROBINS-I tool สำหรับงานวิจัยชนิด RCTs และงานวิจัยชนิด Non-RCTs ตามลำดับ ข้อมูลที่สังเคราะห์จากงานวิจัยที่คัดเข้ามาถูกแบ่งออกเป็น 2 กลุ่ม คือ ฟันที่ได้รับการวินิจฉัยเป็น Reversible pulpitis และ Irreversible pulpitis แต่ละกลุ่มจะทำการคิดอัตราความสำเร็จถ่วงน้ำหนักที่ค่าความเชื่อมั่นที่ 95% ของการรักษาแต่ละวิธี ได้แก่ การปิดทับเนื้อเยื่อในโดยตรง การทำพัลโพโตมีบางส่วนและการทำพัลโพโตมีที่ระยะเวลาการติดตามอาการต่างๆ สำหรับการคิดอัตราความสำเร็จของวัสดุปิดทับเนื้อเยื่อในที่ใช้ในการรักษาจะทำการคำนวณด้วยวิธีการเดียวกันโดยใช้โปรแกรม R-statistics version 4.3.2 ผลการศึกษา: งานวิจัยที่ได้รับการคัดเข้าและนำมาวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลมีทั้งหมด 31 งานวิจัย อัตราความสำเร็จถ่วงน้ำหนักที่ค่าความเชื่อมั่นที่ 95% ของการรักษาแต่ละวิธีของฟันที่ได้รับการวินิจฉัยเป็น Reversible pulpitis มีค่า 78.7 - 93.5% โดยการรักษาด้วยการทำพัลโพโตมีบางส่วนมีอัตราความสำเร็จสูงกว่าการปิดทับเนื้อเยื่อในโดยตรงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ส่วนฟันที่ได้รับการวินิจฉัยเป็น Irreversible pulpitis อัตราความสำเร็จถ่วงน้ำหนักของการรักษาแต่ละวิธีมีค่า 79.0 - 90.6% โดยการทำพัลโพโตมีให้อัตราความสำเร็จสูงสุด สำหรับอัตราความสำเร็จถ่วงน้ำหนักของวัสดุปิดทับเนื้อเยื่อในในกลุ่ม Bioceramics ให้อัตราความสำเร็จสูงกว่าวัสดุชนิด Calcium hydroxide อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ สรุปผล: การรักษาเนื้อเยื่อในแบบคงความมีชีวิต ได้แก่ การปิดทับเนื้อเยื่อในโดยตรง การทำพัลโพโตมีบางส่วนและการทำพัลโพโตมีควรพิจารณาใช้รักษาฟันแท้ที่มีชีวิตที่ผุทะลุโพรงประสาทฟัน สำหรับฟันที่ได้รับการวินิจฉัยเป็น Reversible pulpitis การทำพัลโพโตมีบางส่วนมีอัตราความสำเร็จสูงกว่าการปิดทับเนื้อเยื่อในโดยตรงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ส่วนฟันที่ได้รับการวินิจฉัยเป็น Irreversible pulpitis การทำพัลโพโตมีมีอัตราความสำเร็จสูงเมื่อเทียบกับวิธีอื่นๆ สำหรับวัสดุปิดทับเนื้อเยื่อในวัสดุชนิด Bioceramics ให้ผลสำเร็จสูงกว่า Calcium hydroxide อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ

Effects Of Jagged1 On Mirna Expression In Dental Stem Cells, Promphakkon Kulthanaamondhita

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Notch signaling is activated in dental pulp tissues after direct pulp capping treatment in vivo, implying a role in tertiary dentin formation. Furthermore, Notch signaling also participates in periodontal ligament development and maturation. However, its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated the expression profile of miRNAs in Notch-activated human dental stem pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), examined their potential cellular targets and validated the functions of miRNAs in modulating the odonto / osteogenic properties. DPSCs and PDLSCs were treated with indirect immobilized Jagged1. The miRNA expression profile was examined using …

Flourishing With Chronic Illness(Es) And Everyday Stress: Experiences From Soweto, South Africa, Megan Schmidt-Sane, Lindile Cele, Edna Bosire, Alexander C. Tsai, Emily Mendenhall

Brain and Mind Institute

The pursuit of flourishing, or living a good life, is a common human endeavor with different meanings across individuals and contexts. What is needed is a further exploration of the relationship between flourishing and health, particularly chronic illness, which affects individuals across the life course and is affected by experiences of stress derived from social and structural vulnerability.

Drawing on data from the Soweto Syndemics study, including a locally derived stress scale and in-depth interviews, we explore the connections between flourishing and health for those living with multiple chronic illnesses in Soweto, South Africa within a syndemic of communicable and …

Hif-1 Activation And Inflammatory Responses To Hypoxia, Shazreen Shaharuddin, Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman, Mas Jaffri Masarudin, Mohammedarfat N Alamassi

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Acute hypoxia is a significant physiological danger during high-altitude flying and military aircraft missions. The human brain requires a constant supply of oxygen to function properly, and is susceptible to settings with low availability of air oxygen. Hypoxia can influence inflammatory signalling, and both central and systemic responses can activate HIF pathway genes. HIFs are critical molecules that regulate inflammation andhypoxia, ensuring appropriate cell function and survival. Hypoxia is the condition in which insufficient oxygen reaches the body's tissues. It can be caused by a decrease in partial oxygen pressure (PO2) in the environment, problems with breathing and/or oxygen transport, …

Clinical Guidelines: Traumatic Dental Injuries In The Primary Dentition, Rodney J. Vergotine Bchd, Msc(Dent), Faapd, Fiadt, Fabpd, Ficd, Richa Bhatia Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This article explores clinical guidelines for the management of Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDI) in primary dentition. The prevalence of TDI in primary teeth and predisposing factors are discussed, emphasizing the need for appropriate initial contact and care prioritization. The International Association of Dental Traumatology's (IADT) guidelines for TDI management, focusing on primary teeth, are presented. The article covers treatment modalities, including splinting and vital pulp therapy, and emphasizes the importance of soft tissue management. Classification of TDI is outlined, with attention to supporting bone damage and its implications. Monitoring, follow-up, and care prioritization are discussed, along with ICD-11 coding for …

Ada Executive Director Dr. Ray Cohlmia: "We're Focused On The Future, Not The Past", Debra Peters Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

In this interview, Dr. Raymond Cohlmia, the Executive Director of the American Dental Association (ADA), reflects on his first year in office and discusses the challenges of overcoming the decline of membership marketshare. He addresses the importance of strategic forecasting, nimbleness, and the role of the ADA team in shaping the future of dentistry. Dr. Cohlmia also highlights the significance of science and research in dentistry and the ADA's commitment to global presence. The interview offers insights into the ADA's evolving strategies and its dedication to serving its members and the dental community.

10-Minute Ebd: Preventing And Arresting Caries In Older Adults, Derek Richards Bds, Fds, Msc, Ddph, Fds(Dph)

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Ten Minute Evidence-Based Dentistry Articles provide an example of implementing the evidence-based dentistry search process with trusted search engines and identifying the best literature through critical appraisal to answer a clinical question and aid the reader in implementing EBD strategies in clinical practice. As the global elderly population continues to grow, so does the prevalence of dental caries among older adults. This article explores the effectiveness of topical fluoride agents in preventing or arresting dental caries in individuals aged 60 and older. A comprehensive literature search was conducted, utilizing PubMed and the Epistemonikos website, leading to the identification of a …

J Mich Dent Assoc January 2023

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA’s 6,200+ members across the state. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

This is our annual pediatric dentistry issue, with articles covering value and price in pediatric dentistry, a clinical guideline on traumatic dental injuries in the developing dentition, and space maintenance in the primary and mixed dentitions.

Dentistry And The Law: How Does An ‘Assignment Of Benefits’ Work?, Dan Schulte Jd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The use of an assignment of benefits form in dental practice is explored in this article, with a focus on its potential benefits and limitations. This form allows patients to assign their dental plan benefits to the provider, enabling direct payment for services. However, its acceptance by dental plans varies and is often subject to state and federal regulations. While assignment of benefits offers a pathway to independent fee setting and potential billing for any balance exceeding benefits, legal and regulatory considerations must be addressed to fully implement this approach.

Advocacy Spotlight: Mda’S Legislative Priorities For 2023, Neema Katibai Jd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This article outlines the Michigan Dental Association's (MDA) legislative priorities for the year 2023. The MDA focuses on various key issues, including dental loss ratio, network leasing transparency, teledentistry policy, the state budget's impact on dental services, increasing the dental workforce, and addressing student debt relief. These priorities aim to advocate for the dental profession, enhance patient care, and ensure the dental community's well-being.

Staff Matters: I-9 Forms: What Every Employer Needs To Know, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The I-9 form, mandated by the federal government, is essential for all employers, including dental practices. It verifies an employee's eligibility to work in the United States and is applicable to all employee types. Employees must provide documents like a Social Security card, passport, or driver's license for inspection within three days of hire. These forms should be retained for one-year post-employment or three years post-hire. Due to COVID-19, virtual document examination is temporarily allowed, extended until July 31, 2023. Non-compliance can result in costly fines, making regular internal audits advisable for practice adherence.

Keeping The Journal In Focus, Christopher J. Smiley

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This editorial delves into the motivations behind young dentists and dental students joining the Association and highlights a recent study's surprising findings. Rather than tangible benefits, such as insurance and discounts, social and emotional factors were the primary drivers for membership. The study revealed that members seek a sense of belonging, opportunities for networking, and support in building confidence in their skills. The editorial underscores the importance of community and connection within organized dentistry and emphasizes the role of the MDA Journal in fulfilling these needs.

Space Maintenance In The Primary And Mixed Dentitions, Giovana Anovazzi Medeiros Dds, Msc, Phd, Chia-En Tsai Dds, James R. Boynton Dds, Ms

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Primary teeth serve many critical functions in the growing child: they allow for proper chewing function for appropriate diet and nutrition, help in speech production and development, promote self-esteem, and importantly preserve space for eruption of the succedaneous permanent dentition. Premature loss of a primary molar can cause a loss of arch perimeter and negatively impact the normal eruption path of premolars. Space maintenance is an approach to minimize or prevent untoward consequences after unavoidable loss of a primary molar. Several types of space maintainers can be used to preserve arch length, including fixed unilateral space maintainers, such as the …

Atlas-Based Shared-Boundary Deformable Multi-Surface Models Through Multi-Material And Two-Manifold Dual Contouring, Tanweer Rashid, Sharmin Sultana, Mallar Chakravarty, Michel Albert Audette

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper presents a multi-material dual “contouring” method used to convert a digital 3D voxel-based atlas of basal ganglia to a deformable discrete multi-surface model that supports surgical navigation for an intraoperative MRI-compatible surgical robot, featuring fast intraoperative deformation computation. It is vital that the final surface model maintain shared boundaries where appropriate so that even as the deep-brain model deforms to reflect intraoperative changes encoded in ioMRI, the subthalamic nucleus stays in contact with the substantia nigra, for example, while still providing a significantly sparser representation than the original volumetric atlas consisting of hundreds of millions of voxels. The …

Adaptive Critic Network For Person Tracking Using 3d Skeleton Data, Joseph G. Zalameda, Alex Glandon, Khan M. Iftekharuddin, Mohammad S. Alam (Ed.), Vijayan K. Asari (Ed.)

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Analysis of human gait using 3-dimensional co-occurrence skeleton joints extracted from Lidar sensor data has been shown a viable method for predicting person identity. The co-occurrence based networks rely on the spatial changes between frames of each joint in the skeleton data sequence. Normally, this data is obtained using a Lidar skeleton extraction method to estimate these co-occurrence features from raw Lidar frames, which can be prone to incorrect joint estimations when part of the body is occluded. These datasets can also be time consuming and expensive to collect and typically offer a small number of samples for training and …

Prediction Of Rapid Early Progression And Survival Risk With Pre-Radiation Mri In Who Grade 4 Glioma Patients, Walia Farzana, Mustafa M. Basree, Norou Diawara, Zeina Shboul, Sagel Dubey, Marie M. Lockheart, Mohamed Hamza, Joshua D. Palmer, Khan Iftekharuddin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Rapid early progression (REP) has been defined as increased nodular enhancement at the border of the resection cavity, the appearance of new lesions outside the resection cavity, or increased enhancement of the residual disease after surgery and before radiation. Patients with REP have worse survival compared to patients without REP (non-REP). Therefore, a reliable method for differentiating REP from non-REP is hypothesized to assist in personlized treatment planning. A potential approach is to use the radiomics and fractal texture features extracted from brain tumors to characterize morphological and physiological properties. We propose a random sampling-based ensemble classification model. The proposed …

Comparison Of Machine Learning Methods For Classification Of Alexithymia In Individuals With And Without Autism From Eye-Tracking Data, Furkan Iigin, Megan A. Witherow, Khan M. Iftekharuddin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Alexithymia describes a psychological state where individuals struggle with feeling and expressing their emotions. Individuals with alexithymia may also have a more difficult time understanding the emotions of others and may express atypical attention to the eyes when recognizing emotions. This is known to affect individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) differently than neurotypical (NT) individuals. Using a public data set of eye-tracking data from seventy individuals with and without autism who have been assessed for alexithymia, we train multiple traditional machine learning models for alexithymia classification including support vector machines, logistic regression, decision trees, random forest, and multilayer perceptron. …

Virtual Surgical Planning In Craniomaxillofacial Surgery: A Structured Review, Kaye Verlarde, Rentor Cafino, Armando Isla Jr., Karen Mae Ty, Xavier-Lewis Palmer, Lucas Potter, Larry Nadorra, Luchin Valrian Pueblos, Lemuel Clark Velasco

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgery is a challenging and very demanding field that involves the treatment of congenital and acquired conditions of the face and head. Due to the complexity of the head and facial region, various tools and techniques were developed and utilized to aid surgical procedures and optimize results. Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP) has revolutionized the way craniomaxillofacial surgeries are planned and executed. It uses 3D imaging computer software to visualize and simulate a surgical procedure. Numerous studies were published on the usage of VSP in craniomaxillofacial surgery. However, the researchers found inconsistency in the previous literature which prompted the …

Technology Adoption Of Computer-Aided Instruction In Healthcare: A Structured Review, Queenie Kate Cabanilla, Frevy Teofilo-Orencia, Rentor Cafino, Armando T. Isla Jr., Jehan Grace Maglaya, Xavier-Lewis Palmer, Lucas Potter, Dave E. Marcial, Lemuel Clark Velasco

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) is one of the interactive teaching methods that electronically presents instructional resources and enhances learner performance. In health settings, using CAI is one of the important ways to improve learners' knowledge and usefulness in their healthcare specialization yet there is still a lack of research that offers a comprehensive synthesis of investigating into the adoption of CAI in healthcare. This research aims to provide a comprehensive review of related literatures on the enablers and barriers for technology adoption of CAI in healthcare. 31 journals were analyzed and revealed that several studies were utilizing the Unified Theory of …

An Explainable Artificial Intelligence Framework For The Predictive Analysis Of Hypo And Hyper Thyroidism Using Machine Learning Algorithms, Md. Bipul Hossain, Anika Shama, Apurba Adhikary, Avi Deb Raha, K. M. Aslam Uddin, Mohammad Amzad Hossain, Imtia Islam, Saydul Akbar Murad, Md. Shirajum Munir, Anupam Kumur Bairagi

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The thyroid gland is the crucial organ in the human body, secreting two hormones that help to regulate the human body's metabolism. Thyroid disease is a severe medical complaint that could be developed by high Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels or an infection in the thyroid tissues. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are two critical conditions caused by insufficient thyroid hormone production and excessive thyroid hormone production, respectively. Machine learning models can be used to precisely process the data generated from different medical sectors and to build a model to predict several diseases. In this paper, we use different machine-learning algorithms to …

Commentary On Healthcare And Disruptive Innovation, Hilary Finch, Affia Abasi-Amefon, Woosub Jung, Lucas Potter, Xavier-Lewis Palmer

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Exploits of technology have been an issue in healthcare for many years. Many hospital systems have a problem with “disruptive innovation” when introducing new technology. Disruptive innovation is “an innovation that creates a new market by applying a different set of values, which ultimately overtakes an existing market” (Sensmeier, 2012). Modern healthcare systems are historically slow to accept new technological advancements. This may be because patient-based, provider-based, or industry-wide decisions are tough to implement, giving way to dire consequences. One potential consequence is that healthcare providers may not be able to provide the best possible care to patients. For example, …

Nutritional Management Of The Infant With Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 2-5 And On Dialysis., Vanessa Shaw, Caroline Anderson, An Desloovere, Larry A. Greenbaum, Dieter Haffner, Christina L. Nelms, Fabio Paglialonga, Nonnie Polderman, Leila Qizalbash, José Renken-Terhaerdt, Stella Stabouli, Jetta Tuokkola, Johan Vande Walle, Bradley A. Warady, Rukshana Shroff

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The nutritional management of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is of prime importance in meeting the challenge of maintaining normal growth and development in this population. The objective of this review is to integrate the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce clinical practice recommendations for children with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis, as they relate to the infant from full term birth up to 1 year of age, for healthcare professionals, including dietitians, physicians, and nurses. It addresses nutritional assessment, energy and protein requirements, delivery of the nutritional prescription, and necessary dietary modifications in the case of abnormal serum levels …

Still, We Thrive: Understanding How Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, And Other Men Who Have Sex With Men (Gbtmsm) Experience Structural Barriers & Facilitators To Wellness, Lucas Gergyek

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Historically and concurrently, structural violence has been a significant force influencing the sexual health and broader health of gay, bisexual, transgender and other men who have sex with men (GBTMSM). Yet to date, the majority of projects exploring the health inequities facing GBTMSM have focused on intrapsychic and behavioural factors as most related to poor health outcomes. As well, these studies are sometimes deficits focused, and fail to evaluate how GBTMSM continue to thrive, and maintain positive health. As a result, the ways in which systems and policies underlie and perpetuate health inequities facing GBTMSM have been somewhat obscured. Connectedly, …

Association Of Central Venous Saturation And Serum Lactate With Outcomes In Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation., Rohit S. Loomba, Enrique G. Villarreal, Juan S. Farias, Saul Flores

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Developmental Pharmacokinetics Of Indomethacin In Preterm Neonates: Severely Decreased Drug Clearance In The First Week Of Life., Wojciech Krzyzanski, Bradley Stockard, Andrea Gaedigk, Allison Scott, Whitney M. Nolte, Kim T. Gibson, J Steven Leeder, Tamorah Lewis

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Indomethacin is used commonly in preterm neonates for the prevention of intracranial hemorrhage and closure of an abnormally open cardiac vessel. Due to biomedical advances, the infants who receive this drug in the neonatal intensive care unit setting have become younger, smaller, and less mature (more preterm) at the time of treatment. To develop a pharmacokinetics (PK) model to aid future dosing, we designed a prospective cohort study to characterize indomethacin PK in a dynamically changing patient population. A population PK base model was created using NONMEM, and a covariate model was developed in a primary development cohort and subsequently …

Preclinical Efficacy Of Azacitidine And Venetoclax For Infant Kmt2a-Rearranged Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Reveals A New Therapeutic Strategy., Laurence C. Cheung, Carlos Aya-Bonilla, Mark N. Cruickshank, Sung K. Chiu, Vincent Kuek, Denise Anderson, Grace-Alyssa Chua, Sajla Singh, Joyce Oommen, Emanuela Ferrari, Anastasia M. Hughes, Jette Ford, Elena Kunold, Maria C. Hesselman, Frederik Post, Kelly E. Faulk, Erin H. Breese, Erin M. Guest, Patrick A. Brown, Mignon L. Loh, Richard B. Lock, Ursula R. Kees, Rozbeh Jafari, Sébastien Malinge, Rishi S. Kotecha

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Infants with KMT2A-rearranged B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a dismal prognosis. Survival outcomes have remained static in recent decades despite treatment intensification and novel therapies are urgently required. KMT2A-rearranged infant ALL cells are characterized by an abundance of promoter hypermethylation and exhibit high BCL-2 expression, highlighting potential for therapeutic targeting. Here, we show that hypomethylating agents exhibit in vitro additivity when combined with most conventional chemotherapeutic agents. However, in a subset of samples an antagonistic effect was seen between several agents. This was most evident when hypomethylating agents were combined with methotrexate, with upregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporters identified …

Ethical Dilemmas And Moral Distress In Companion Animal Veterinary Medicine: Mental Health Implications, Bronwyn Dickson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Mental health concerns are a significant problem in the veterinary community, and studies suggest that veterinarians working in Western countries are at higher risk of suicide compared to the general population and other healthcare professionals (Bartram et al., 2009; Bartram & Baldwin, 2010; Platt et al., 2012). Additionally, veterinary medicine is an occupation inundated with complex ethical and moral dilemmas. However, current studies are limited in their ability to contextualize the risk and contributing factors fully; therefore, they offer limited insight into effective preventative and support strategies. Using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), eight companion animal veterinarians were interviewed about their …

A Critical Evaluation Of Oral Baclofen In Pediatric Patients With Cerebral Palsy., Matthew J. Mclaughlin, Mark T. Fisher

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Architectural Design Of A Blockchain-Enabled, Federated Learning Platform For Algorithmic Fairness In Predictive Health Care: Design Science Study, Xueping Liang, Juan Zhao, Yan Chen, Eranga Bandara, Sachin Shetty

VMASC Publications

Background: Developing effective and generalizable predictive models is critical for disease prediction and clinical decision-making, often requiring diverse samples to mitigate population bias and address algorithmic fairness. However, a major challenge is to retrieve learning models across multiple institutions without bringing in local biases and inequity, while preserving individual patients' privacy at each site.

Objective: This study aims to understand the issues of bias and fairness in the machine learning process used in the predictive health care domain. We proposed a software architecture that integrates federated learning and blockchain to improve fairness, while maintaining acceptable prediction accuracy and minimizing overhead …

The Shortfalls Of Vulnerability Indexes For Public Health Decision-Making In The Face Of Emergent Crises: The Case Of Covid-19 Vaccine Uptake In Virginia, Lydia Cleveland Sa, Erika Frydenlund

VMASC Publications

Equitable and effective vaccine uptake is a key issue in addressing COVID-19. To achieve this, we must comprehensively characterize the context-specific socio-behavioral and structural determinants of vaccine uptake. However, to quickly focus public health interventions, state agencies and planners often rely on already existing indexes of "vulnerability." Many such "vulnerability indexes" exist and become benchmarks for targeting interventions in wide ranging scenarios, but they vary considerably in the factors and themes that they cover. Some are even uncritical of the use of the word "vulnerable," which should take on different meanings in different contexts. The objective of this study is …