Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder And Teachers, Samantha Ann Tierney, Samantha Ann Tierney

Honors College Theses

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder, estimated to affect 5% of all children and adolescents. The current rate of diagnosis is steadily increasing. This increase in the number of students with ADHD affects educators, who have a large role in the success of students with ADHD. Despite this, many teachers are not prepared to deal with the extra challenges that come with teaching students with ADHD. Teachers may not be properly taught how to deal with children who have ADHD in their classrooms or the role they have in these children’s lives. The purpose of this study is to …

Pm2.5 And Cardiovascular Diseases: State-Of-The-Art Review, Chayakrit Krittanawong, Yusuf Kamran Qadeer, Richard B. Hayes, Zhen Wang, George D. Thurston, Salim S. Virani, Carl J. Lavie

Office of the Provost

Air pollution, especially exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), has been associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality around the world. Specifically, it seems that PM2.5 promotes the development of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, while being associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, heart failure, and arrhythmias. In this review, we seek to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms by which exposure to PM2.5 can result in adverse cardiovascular outcomes, in addition to understanding the link between exposure to PM2.5 and cardiovascular events. It is hypothesized that PM2.5 functions via 3 …

The Effect Of Cotton Dust Exposure As A Longterm Impact On Lung Function Changes: A Short Narrative Review, Naureen Akber Ali, Noshaba Akber, Adeel Khoja

School of Nursing & Midwifery

No abstract provided.

Editorial 2023 - Another Exciting Year Of Progress And Fulfilment, Edwin Van Teijlingen, Rafat Jan, Abeer Musaddique

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

Strengthening The Integration Of Midwifery In Health Systems; A Leader-To-Leader Collaboration, Erlandsson K, Borneskog C, Pedersen C, Ternström E, Byrskog U, Tamang L, Niraula G, Mehra D, Mehra S, Sharma S, Lindgren H

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Barriers and facilitators for quality midwifery care exist on different levels in the health systems. After decades of challenges and varied degrees of success, a stakeholder leader-to-leader collaboration could provide added value through knowledge sharing on how to integrate the midwifery cadre into an existing health system. Initiated by The Midwifery Society of Nepal, Dalarna University Sweden and MAMTA - Health Institute for Mother and Child India, a research network focusing midwifery has been formed. The background, purpose and activities of this network has been described in this News and Events paper.

Determinants Of Delayed Emergency Caesarian Sections In Machakos County Referral Hospital, Kenya: A Retrospective Study, Anne Loko Mutiso

MSc in Advanced Practice Midwifery

Background: Labour to delivery is a natural process which begins and ends spontaneously. However, the need for an emergency caesarean section arises if the life of the mother or the foetus or both are in danger. Time is of essence and therefore a Decision to Delivery Interval of 30 minutes is considered the gold standard (NICE 2021).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish hospital and client related factors that cause delay in emergency caesarean sections in Machakos County Referral Hospital.

Methodology: A Retrospective Descriptive study design was adopted whereby sample of 368 files of …

Determinants Of Poor Perinatal Outcomes Among Babies Born Of Mothers With Preeclampsia At Mama Lucky Kibaki Hospital, Nairobi County, Sarah Wambui Chege

MSc in Advanced Practice Midwifery

Background: Preeclampsia is a life-threatening pregnancy illness characterised by the onset of hypertension in a non-hypertensive woman after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Studies have connected preeclampsia to significant adverse effects on the mother and the newborn, a common obstetric emergency in Kenya. Determinants of poor perinatal outcomes in babies born to preeclamptic mothers have not been intensively investigated.

Objective: The study evaluated the determinants of perinatal outcomes among neonates born to mothers diagnosed with preeclampsia at Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital between July 2021 and June 2022.

Methodology: A quantitative retrospective cross-sectional inquiry was conducted. Data reviewed comprised …

Cerebellar Symptoms After Dengue Fever With Bright Middle Cerebellar Peduncle Sign, Soban Khan, Zaid Waqar, Zakir Jan, Muhammad Tariq

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Dengue fever is a seasonal epidemic that effects population all across Pakistan every monsoon season and leads to thousands of cases every year. Dengue fever can be associated with neurological complications both during the acute stage and after recovery. These include encephalitis and hemorrhagic complications as well as late immune-related conditions such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Here we present case of a patient who developed new onset cerebellar symptoms two weeks after recovery from dengue fever, with a middle cerebellar peduncle sign on MRI Brain.

Utility Of Pudendal Nerve Electrodiagnostics In Cases Of Bladder-Bowel Dysfunction- A Retrospective Study From A Tertiary Care Center In Pakistan, Hina Imtiaz, Ayisha Farooq Khan, Zuha Alvi, Dureshahwar Kanwar

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Background and Objective:

Electrodiagnostic studies play a crucial role in identifying neurogenic and non-neurogenic causes of bladder and bowel dysfunction. Such data is scarce in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to evaluate utility of pudendal nerve assessment in bladder-bowel dysfunction.

Methods:

A retrospective observational study was carried out at the neurophysiology lab in Aga Khan University Hospital. Patients referred for electromyography/nerve conduction studies (EMG/NCS) for pudendal nerve assessment from June 2013 to June 2023 were included. Clinical data, EMG/NCS results, and demographic information were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:

Twenty patients (11 male and nine female) were included. Five …

Co-Occurrence Of Recurrent Migrainous Headaches And Transient Global Amnesia Following Minor Head Trauma: A Case Report, Aziz Badruddin Sonawalla, Saadia Arshad, Shafaq Saleem

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

A 32-year-old male, with a history of recurrent throbbing headaches, presented with three episodes of minor trauma to the head followed by throbbing headaches and blurred vision. In two of these episodes, he also had clinical features suggesting the occurrence of transient global amnesia (TGA) at the same time. Although migraines as well as TGAs are reported to occur following minor head trauma, the simultaneous occurrence of both is rather unusual and would support the fact that spreading depression is the main pathophysiological mechanism underlying TGAs as it is for migraines. We report an unusual case of migraine and TGA …

A New Self-Assessment Questionnaire To Assess Parkinsonism: A Cross-Sectional Study, Sohail Khan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Background and Objective:

A composite scale for parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease (PD) that incorporates multiple motor system symptoms and systemic complaints and their severity may help the busy clinician in documenting the severity and progression of common and bothersome symptoms. The objective of this study was to study a new scale, Parkinson’s Symptoms Questionnaire (PSQ), to assess and track progression of parkinsonism.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted from August 2004 to December 2009 in a private clinic in State of Iowa, United States. We developed a new scale, PSQ, to assess common symptoms of …

Neuroimaging Of Tuberculosis- Modalities, Imaging Protocols And Radiomics: A Review, Shahmeer Khan, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Azeemuddin, Ayesha Shoukat

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Background and objective:

A large number of review and research articles exists in literature which describe the radiological appearance of various manifestations of nervous system tuberculosis, however there is paucity of text which describes the application of each and every imaging modality in the workup of the entire spectrum of this pathology. The intent of this article is to review the existing literature on the role of different radiological modalities in the stepwise work up of CNS TB. The article focuses on the role of plain radiograph, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging along with its advanced sequences and nuclear …

Investigating The Microbiome Of The Eye And The Potential Of Probiotic Use In Optometry, Rachel Hartgerink

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

While the eye was once considered free of resident bacteria due to its efficient immunity mechanisms, recent studies have determined that most healthy eyes contain a variety of microbiota. Many studies have been aimed at classifying bacteria that are part of the core microbiome of the eye and the conditions under which they differ. As with gut health, a dysbiosis of ocular bacteria could correlate to disease, which presents the idea of treatment with probiotics to help regulate the microbiota of the eye. This study utilized growth assays to determine a common probiotic’s effect on bacteria that can be found …

Art Of Aging – A Portraiture Study, Alaina Mann

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

The process of aging can be viewed through different lenses within our society. In the past, scientists and medical professionals performed various studies to better understand and analyze different facets of aging, medicine, and health in general. Historically the arts have reflected multiple aspects of medicine and treatments while more recently, the arts have been used in a research capacity to provide different ways to represent illness, suffering, and care. This study used art-based research methods and portraiture to gather qualitative observations on the older populations within our community. Data collected included drawings, a field journal, and interviews. This study …

Characterization Of Ocular Surface Pathology And Tear Film Dysfunction Due To Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Judy Weng

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

Untreated diabetes mellitus leads to development of microvascular and macrovascular complications affecting heart, nerves, kidney, and eyes. While the etiological mechanisms of diabetes-associated retinopathy and cataract have been well characterized, the time kinetics and the severity of diabetes-mediated injury to the ocular surface and its various components like tear film, goblet cells and glycocalyx, has not yet been investigated. These pathological changes can potentially cause dry eye and corneal injury including epithelial erosion, impaired wound healing and keratopathy. As the mainstay treatment option for the management of dry eye disease due to diabetes mellitus, artificial tears are frequently used. Therefore, …

Planners Vs. Non-Planners: Do Preterm Births Impact Future Contraceptive Use?, Jessie Moore

NYMC Student Theses and Dissertations

Background: In the United States, 45% of all pregnancies are unintended and occur when contraception is not used or is used inconsistently. Among those pregnancies, 1 in 10 women will experience a preterm birth, which is defined as a birth occurring before 37 weeks gestation. Women who have delivered preterm are at an increased risk for preterm birth in future pregnancies and are encouraged to wait at least 18 months between giving birth and getting pregnant again. Among women who have experienced a preterm birth, the desire to delay future pregnancy or avoiding it all together often becomes a necessity …

Nursing News & Views - December 2023, Joanne Miller Rn

Nursing Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Medication Use Evaluation Of Intranasal And Buccal Dexmedetomidine For Procedural Sedation, Leah Castelnovo Pharmd, Katelin Kimler Pharmd, Bcpps

Department of Pharmacy

No abstract provided.

Full Issue, The Mcnair Team

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.

About The Mcnair Scholars Program, The Mcnair Team

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.

The Contradictory Nature Of U.S. Laws And Nutrition Programs And Their Effects On Infant Feeding, Lily Patel

Journal of Food Law & Policy

The contradictory nature of U.S. laws, including the laws concerning infant feeding, though supposedly aligned with policies to promote wellness in Americans, can exacerbate gender and race inequality and work against the National Strategy. The overarching goal of U.S. laws concerning infant feeding is to ensure that infants are fed, nourished, and receive proper nutrition. However, the laws often appear to be directly contradictory to one another in the priorities they are promoting.

Free For All: Proposing Legislation To Eliminate Food Insecurity In Arkansas Public Schools, A. Mills Bryant

Journal of Food Law & Policy

Schools serve millions of students daily as one of the largest food distribution sites in the United States. However, more than 13.1 million children in the United States, and almost 150,000 in Arkansas, are food insecure. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, most Arkansas schools offered free and reduced lunch to students at or below the poverty line through participation in the National School Lunch Program (“NSLP”). During COVID-19, Congress passed The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (“FFCRA”) and The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES”) (hereinafter “The Acts”). This legislation effectively eliminated food insecurity in participating American public schools, …

A Quality Improvement Project To Improve The Management Of Group A Streptococcalpharyngitis Among Children, Tara Denise Gutierrez

Doctor of Nursing Practice

Group A Streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis is one of the most common pediatric illnesses and accounts for more than ten million yearly medical visits. GAS is commonly misdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms. The health care provider needs to distinguish which criteria warrant testing for GAS and the recommendations for management and treatment.

The purpose and objectives of this quality improvement project were to improve adherence to the 2021 Canadian guidelines for the management and treatment of GAS pharyngitis in a small community urgent care clinic. Anticipated outcomes for this project included a decrease in unnecessary testing for GAS pharyngitis, a decrease …

Program Development And Expansion Of A Clinician-Driven Wound Care Program At An Outpatient Wound Care Center, Zhenhai Niu

Doctor of Nursing Practice

Problem. Patients with chronic wounds often present with additional physical and emotional problems because healing of chronic wounds may require months to resolve. Practitioners develop treatment plans based on their own training and clinical expertise, but unfortunately, there are no universal guidelines to inform the management of chronic wounds. Expanding multi-factorial assessments and interventions could improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this project was to implement a wound care protocol for outpatient wound care clients based on a nutritional and psychological self-assessment. Methods. A patient-completed checklist, done on arrival to the clinic, triggered clinician-driven protocol interventions addressing mental health and …

Setting Goals For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes In Primary Care, Courtney Renee Padilla

Doctor of Nursing Practice

Background. Type 2 diabetes is prevalent amongst the Hispanic population and increases the risk of developing chronic serious health issues (CDC, 2022, April 4). Setting attainable and realistic goals for patients with type 2 diabetes is foundational in achieving glycemic control and improving quality of life (ElSayed et al., 2023a). Purpose. To increase goal setting in patients with type 2 diabetes in the primary care setting. Goal. To promote self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes. Objectives. 100% of staff and providers will attend an in-service on goal setting using a self-management goal tool; 75% of patients will choose to …

Preserving The Force: A Quality Improvement Project To Reduce The Risk Of Opioid Use Disorder In The Military, Lecreshia S. Shields

Doctor of Nursing Practice

Military service members incur combat and noncombat related injuries which may lead to acute or chronic pain. Treatment of these conditions with opioids may place them at risk for opioid use disorder (OUD). Opioid related overdoses among the military community increased by 50% from 2010 to 2019. The Sole Provider Program (SPP) is recommended to address the risks of OUD among Veterans receiving care at military installations. The goal of this evidence-based project was to ensure that all persons who receive opioid prescriptions at a military facility were evaluated for inclusion into a SPP and prescribed naloxone. Objectives included: 1) …

Improving Post-Discharge Engagement Of Mental Health Patients In The Veterans Affairs South Texas Healthcare System, Nneoma Lewis

Doctor of Nursing Practice

Discharge from a hospital is a high-risk period for mental health patients, as 20% experience an adverse event within 30 days of discharge. Poor discharge engagement can lead to complications for recovery, which include an increased risk for readmissions, longer length of stay, increased risk for suicide, and death. Hospital stays cost the United States $377.5 billion dollars per year; there is pressure for hospitals, health plans, and providers to examine the admission and discharge processes to improve healthcare delivery, transition of care, and patient health outcomes. At a South Texas VA, 67.66% of mental health patients attended all their …

A Comparison Of Devices For Race Day Characterization Of North American Turfgrass Thoroughbred Racing Surfaces, Peter Schmitt, Wayne T. Sanderson, John Trey Rogers Iii, Tyler J. Barzee, Michael L. Peterson

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Both pre-race meet and daily turf surface condition measurements are required by regula- tions adopted as part of the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act (HISA). The Orono Biomechanical Surface Tester (OBST) is the primary device used for characterizing a racing surface and is used for the pre-meet inspections. Tools that are better suited for the daily testing of turf surfaces are also needed to meet the new federal regulations. The purpose of this study was to compare five simple tools commonly used in turf applications to the OBST. Data were collected with each of the six devices at plots chosen …

Communication With Physicians And Family About Breast Cancer Recurrence, Kimberly M. Kelly, Pragya Rai, Jamie L. Studts, Stephanie Dickinson, Beate Henschel, Mark Dignan, Mara D. Chambers, Hannah Hazard-Jenkins

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Objective: Adequate physician-patient communication about cancer recurrence is vital to quality of life and to informed decision-making related to survivorship care. The current study was guided by a cognitive-affective framework to examine communication with family and physicians about breast cancer recurrence risk.

Methods: A survey of recently-diagnosed, early-stage breast cancer patients in Appalachia investigated physician- patient and familial communication about breast cancer recurrence risk.

Results: Over 30% of participants reported not talking to family or physicians about breast cancer recurrence risk. Younger patients reported more conversations, and speaking with physicians was associated with greater perception risk factors associated with recurrence …

Insights From Obstetric Providers And Emergency Medical Technicians On Determinants Of Maternal Morbidity And Mortality Among Underserved, Rural Patients In The United States, Anna Hansen, Nancy Schoenberg, Carrie B. Oser

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Over the past two decades, individuals in the United States (US) have faced a steadily increasing risk of experiencing severe morbidities attributable to pregnancy and dying from pregnancy-related causes. The prevalence of severe maternal morbidity (SMM), defined as the occurrence of end-organ damage in the mother encompassing unexpected outcomes of labor and delivery, has nearly tripled since the turn of the 21st century (Creanga et al., 2014; Neggers, 2016). The prevalence of pregnancy related mortality (PRM), defined as the death of a woman during or within one year of pregnancy due to pregnancy-related complications or aggravated preexisting conditions, has nearly …