Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Parents' Stigmatizing Beliefs About The Hpv Vaccine And Their Association With Information Seeking Behavior And Vaccination Communication Behaviors, Ashley Hedrick Mckenzie, Ross Shegog, Lara S Savas, C Mary Healy, L Aubree Shay, Sharice Preston, Sharon Coan, Travis Teague, Erica Frost, Stanley W Spinner, Sally W Vernon

Journal Articles

Parents' stigmatizing beliefs about the HPV vaccine, such as beliefs that it promotes adolescent sexual activity, constitute a notable barrier to vaccine uptake. The purpose of this study is to describe the associations between parents' stigmatizing beliefs about the HPV vaccine, psychosocial antecedents to vaccination, and parents' intentions to vaccinate their children. Parents of vaccine-eligible children (

Cd62l Expression Marks A Functionally Distinct Subset Of Memory B Cells, Christopher H Hanson, Brittany Henry, Pradhnesh Andhare, Frank J Lin, Haley Pak, Jackson S Turner, Lucas J Adams, Tom Liu, Daved H Fremont, Ali H Ellebedy, Brian J Laidlaw

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The memory B cell response consists of phenotypically distinct subsets that differ in their ability to respond upon antigen re-encounter. However, the pathways regulating the development and function of memory B cell subsets are poorly understood. Here, we show that CD62L and CD44 are progressively expressed on mouse memory B cells and identify transcriptionally and functionally distinct memory B cell subsets. Bcl6 is important in regulating memory B cell subset differentiation with overexpression of Bcl6 resulting in impaired CD62L

Distinct Gene Expression Signatures Comparing Latent Tuberculosis Infection With Different Routes Of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination, Richard F Silver, Mei Xia, Chad E Storer, Jessica R Jarvela, Michelle C Moyer, Azra Blazevic, David A Stoeckel, Erin K Rakey, Jan M Tennant, Johannes B Goll, Richard D Head, Daniel F Hoft

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Tuberculosis remains an international health threat partly because of limited protection from pulmonary tuberculosis provided by standard intradermal vaccination with Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG); this may reflect the inability of intradermal vaccination to optimally induce pulmonary immunity. In contrast, respiratory Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection usually results in the immune-mediated bacillary containment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Here we present RNA-Seq-based assessments of systemic and pulmonary immune cells from LTBI participants and recipients of intradermal and oral BCG. LTBI individuals uniquely display ongoing immune activation and robust CD4 T cell recall responses in blood and lung. Intradermal BCG is associated …

Clinical And Laboratory Features In Health Care Volunteers With Inactivated Sars-Cov-2 Vaccination, Zhijie Li, Yafang Wan, Lanlan Xu, Wenjia Zhang, Yu Zhang, Pu Liao

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To better optimize the inactivated vaccine-induced immune response and improve vaccine protection efficiency, a preliminary study was conducted on the influencing factors of producing neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Materials and methods: A total of 91 health care volunteers were enrolled from the Immunology Division of the Laboratory Department of Chongqing General Hospital from February to March 2021. The study had a cross-sectional design. All of the volunteers were scheduled to receive a complete dose regimen of the inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine and the vaccination interval between …

Activation Of Coagulation And Proinflammatory Pathways In Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome And Following Covid-19 Vaccination, Malika Aid, Kathryn E. Stephenson, Ai-Ris Y. Collier, Joseph P. Nkolola, James V. Michael, Steven E. Mckenzie, Dan H. Barouch

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) is a rare but potentially severe adverse event following immunization with adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines such as Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen) and ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca). However, no case of TTS has been reported in over 1.5 million individuals who received a second immunization with Ad26.COV2.S in the United States. Here we utilize transcriptomic and proteomic profiling to compare individuals who receive two doses of Ad26.COV2.S with those vaccinated with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Initial Ad26.COV2.S vaccination induces transient activation of platelet and coagulation and innate immune pathways that resolve by day 7; by contrast, patients with TTS show robust …

Knowledge, Beliefs, And Practices Related To Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Infection And Vaccination In Healthcare Personnel Working At Nonacute Care Facilities, Armaghan-E-Rehman Mansoor, Caroline A O'Neil, David Mcdonald, Victoria J Fraser, Hilary M Babcock, Jennie H Kwon, Cdc Prevention Epicenters Program

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To characterize experiences, beliefs, and perceptions of risk related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), infection prevention practices, and COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare personnel (HCP) at nonacute care facilities.

DESIGN: Anonymous survey.

SETTING: Three non-acute-care facilities in St. Louis, Missouri.

PARTICIPANTS: In total, 156 HCP responded to the survey, for a 25.6% participation rate). Among them, 32% had direct patient-care roles.

METHODS: Anonymous surveys were distributed between April-May 2021. Data were collected on demographics, work experience, COVID-19 exposure, knowledge, and beliefs about infection prevention, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, COVID-19 vaccination, and the impact of COVID-19.

RESULTS: Nearly all respondents …

Antibody Response To Sars-Cov-2 Vaccines In Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Evobrutinib: A Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Amit Bar-Or, Anne H Cross, Anthony L Cunningham, Yann Hyvert, Andrea Seitzinger, Hans Gühring, Elise E Drouin, Nektaria Alexandri, Davorka Tomic, Xavier Montalban

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Evobrutinib is an oral, central nervous system (CNS)-penetrant and highly selective covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor under clinical development for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of evobrutinib on immune responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinated patients with RMS from a Phase II trial (NCT02975349).

METHODS: A

RESULTS: In the vaccinated subgroup, mean/minimum evobrutinib exposure pre-vaccination was 105.2/88.7 weeks. In total, 43 of 45 patients developed/increased S1/S2 IgG antibody levels post-vaccination; one patient's antibody response remained negative post-vaccination and the other had antibody levels above the upper limit of detection, …

Risk Of Covid-19 After Natural Infection Or Vaccination, Anne-Marie Rick, Matthew B Laurens, Ying Huang, Chenchen Yu, Thomas C S Martin, Carina A Rodriguez, Christina A Rostad, Rebone M Maboa, Lindsey R Baden, Hana M El Sahly, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Glenda E Gray, Cynthia L Gay, Peter B Gilbert, Holly E Janes, James G Kublin, Yunda Huang, Brett Leav, Ian Hirsch, Frank Struyf, Lisa M Dunkle, Kathleen M Neuzil, Lawrence Corey, Paul A Goepfert, Stephen R Walsh, Dean Follmann, Karen L Kotloff

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection.

METHODS: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection …

Effectiveness Of Maternal Mrna Covid-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy Against Covid-19-Associated Hospitalizations In Infants Aged <6 Months During Sars-Cov-2 Omicron Predominance - 20 States, March 9, 2022-May 31, 2023., Regina M. Simeone, Laura D. Zambrano, Natasha B. Halasa, Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra, Margaret M. Newhams, Michael J. Wu, Amber O. Orzel-Lockwood, Satoshi Kamidani, Pia S. Pannaraj, Katherine Irby, Aline B. Maddux, Charlotte V. Hobbs, Melissa A. Cameron, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Michele Kong, Ryan A. Nofziger, Jennifer E. Schuster, Hillary Crandall, Janet R. Hume, Mary A. Staat, Elizabeth H. Mack, Tamara T. Bradford, Sabrina M. Heidemann, Emily R. Levy, Shira J. Gertz, Samina S. Bhumbra, Tracie C. Walker, Katherine E. Bline, Kelly N. Michelson, Matt S. Zinter, Heidi R. Flori, Angela P. Campbell, Adrienne G. Randolph, Overcoming Covid-19 Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Infants aged < 6 months are not eligible for COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccination during pregnancy has been associated with protection against infant COVID-19-related hospitalization. The Overcoming COVID-19 Network conducted a case-control study during March 9, 2022-May 31, 2023, to evaluate the effectiveness of maternal receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine dose (vaccine effectiveness [VE]) during pregnancy against COVID-19-related hospitalization in infants aged < 6 months and a subset of infants aged < 3 months. VE was calculated as (1 - adjusted odds ratio) x 100% among all infants aged < 6 months and < 3 months. Case-patients (infants hospitalized for COVID-19 outside of birth hospitalization and who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result) and control patients (infants hospitalized for COVID-19-like illness with a negative SARS-CoV-2 test result) were compared. Odds ratios were determined using multivariable logistic regression, comparing the odds of receipt of a maternal COVID-19 vaccine dose (completion of a 2-dose vaccination series or a third or higher dose) during pregnancy with maternal nonvaccination between case- and control patients. VE of maternal vaccination during pregnancy against COVID-19-related hospitalization was 35% (95% CI = 15%-51%) among infants aged < 6 months and 54% (95% CI = 32%-68%) among infants aged < 3 months. Intensive care unit admissions occurred in 23% of all case-patients, and invasive mechanical ventilation was more common among infants of unvaccinated (9%) compared with vaccinated mothers (1%) (p = 0.02). Maternal vaccination during pregnancy provides some protection against COVID-19-related hospitalizations among infants, particularly those aged < 3 months. Expectant mothers should remain current with COVID-19 vaccination to protect themselves and their infants from hospitalization and severe outcomes associated with COVID-19.

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Vaccination Of Animals In The Buffer Zone Of The Republic Of Armenia In 2016–2020, Satenik Kharatyan, Khachik Sargsyan, Hasmik Elbakyan, Tigran Markosyan, Pertsh Tumanyan, Varduhi Hakobyan, Vazgen Sargsyan, Manvel Badalyan, Gayane Chobanyan, Jenna E Achenbach

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a high impact viral disease of livestock for which vaccines are extensively used for limiting the spread of infection. Armenia shares a border with both Turkey and Iran where FMD is endemic, making vaccination an important component of Armenia's control strategy. Additionally, Armenian veterinary services utilize both passive and active monitoring for prevention control.

METHODS: We sought to determine the immune status of animals vaccinated against FMD and to evaluate the effectiveness of our vaccination policy in Armenia. This was conducted in three regions including Shirak, Armavir, and Ararat Region which are located in the …

Severe Covid-19 Infection In An Infant With 8p Inverted Duplication/Deletion Syndrome: Is Vaccination Still A Debate?, Andrew M. Joseph, Monica Karas, Ernesto Joubran, Yaseen O. Ramadan, Blakley A. Fowler

HPD Articles

Despite having a milder course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison to adults, children are at risk for more significant complications, including acute neurological, renal, respiratory, and cardiovascular complications. Acute complications can manifest as encephalopathy, renal injury, interstitial pneumonia, and heart failure. However, the most severe complication is multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, which often requires intensive care to manage the subsequent respiratory failure. Moreover, children with comorbidities such as chronic lung disease, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disease are at an elevated risk of morbidity and mortality. Here, we present the case of an 11- month-old white female patient, …

Reduced Maternal Immunity And Vertical Transfer Of Immunity Against Sars-Cov-2 Variants Of Concern With Covid-19 Exposure Or Initial Vaccination In Pregnancy., Rupsa Boelig, Sidhartha Chaudhury, Gregory D Gromowski, Sandra Mayer, Jocelyn King, Zubair H Aghai, Elke Bergmann-Leitner

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to evolve, we face new variants of concern with a concurrent decline in vaccine booster uptake. We aimed to evaluate the difference in immunity gained from the original SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine series in pregnancy versus SARS-CoV-2 exposure during pregnancy against recent variants of concern.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective analysis of previously collected samples from 192 patients who delivered between February 2021 and August 2021. Participants were categorized as 1) COVID vaccine: mRNA vaccine in pregnancy, 2) COVID-exposed, and 3) controls. The primary outcome was neutralizing capacity against wild-type, Delta, and Omicron-B1 between …

The Prevalence Of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Racial And Ethnic Minority Adolescents During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Chinenye Lynette Ejezie, Lara S Savas, Casey Durand, Ross Shegog, Paula Cuccaro

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among adolescents has steadily improved over the past several years. However, research conducted to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted this positive trend in HPV vaccine initiation among racial and ethnic minority adolescents is limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting changes in the US health-care sector affected the increasing HPV vaccine initiation among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adolescents aged 13-17 years.

METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design to examine data from the National Immunization Survey-Teen (2019-2021), logistic regression and moderation analysis were used to model race-specific variations …

Major Cardiovascular Events After Covid-19, Event Rates Post-Vaccination, Antiviral Or Anti-Inflammatory Therapy, And Temporal Trends: Rationale And Methodology Of The Corona-Vte-Network Study, Behnood Bikdeli, Candrika D Khairani, Darsiya Krishnathasan, Antoine Bejjani, Andre Armero, Anthony Tristani, Julia Davies, Nicole Porio, Ali A Assi, Victor Nauffal, Umberto Campia, Zaid Almarzooq, Eric Wei, Aditya Achanta, Sirus J Jesudasen, Bruce C Tiu, Geno J. Merli, Orly Leiva, John Fanikos, Aditya Sharma, Alec Vishnevsky, Judith Hsia, Mark R Nehler, James Welker, Marc P Bonaca, Brett J Carroll, Zhou Lan, Samuel Z Goldhaber, Gregory Piazza

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with excess risk of cardiovascular and thrombotic events in the early post-infection period and during convalescence. Despite the progress in our understanding of cardiovascular complications, uncertainty persists with respect to more recent event rates, temporal trends, association between vaccination status and outcomes, and findings within vulnerable subgroups such as older adults (aged 65 years or older), or those undergoing hemodialysis. Sex-informed findings, including results among pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as adjusted comparisons between male and female adults are similarly understudied.

METHODS: Adult patients, aged ≥18 years, with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 …

Toward An Equity-Driven Conceptual Model Of Covid-19 Vaccine Decision-Making For People With Idd, Lydia Ocasio-Stoutenburg, Reese Triana, Shelly Baer, Jairo Arana, Ana C. Sale, Douglene Jackson, Michelle Schladant, Nastasia Boulos, Grace Dima, Jeffrey Brosco

Developmental Disabilities Network Journal

COVID-19 presented a public health emergency in the U.S., resulting in severe illness, hospitalizations, high mortality rates, and long-term adverse health care conditions. Several studies examined the disparities in transmission rates, barriers to care, and negative health outcomes for persons with disabilities, particularly people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD). While data revealed similar trends among Black, Hispanic or Latino/a/x/e, Native, Indigenous, and Asian people, outcomes are compounded for people of color with I/DD. Several historical, pervasive, systemic, structural, and attitudinal barriers have constrained healthcare access and adequate treatment, instigating feelings of distrust among those in systems of care. Although …

A Systematic Review Of Interventions To Promote Hpv Vaccination Globally, Cam Escoffery, Courtney Petagna, Christine Agnone, Stephen Perez, Lindsay B Saber, Grace Ryan, Meena Dhir, Swathi Sekar, Katherine A Yeager, Caitlin B Biddell, Purnima Madhivanan, Stephanie Lee, Amanda S English, Lara Savas, Eliza Daly, Thuy Vu, Maria E Fernandez

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Despite the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine being a safe, effective cancer prevention method, its uptake is suboptimal in the United States (U.S.). Previous research has found a variety of intervention strategies (environmental and behavioral) to increase its uptake. The purpose of the study is to systematically review the literature on interventions that promote HPV vaccination from 2015 to 2020.

METHODS: We updated a systematic review of interventions to promote HPV vaccine uptake globally. We ran keyword searches in six bibliographic databases. Target audience, design, level of intervention, components and outcomes were abstracted from the full-text articles in Excel databases. …

Biological Rhythms In Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness In An Observational Cohort Study Of 1.5 Million Patients, Guy Hazan, Or A. Duek, Hillel Alapi, Huram Mok, Alex Ganninger, Elaine Ostendorf, Carrie Gierasch, Gabriel Chodick, David Greenberg, Jeffrey A. Haspel

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUNDCircadian rhythms are evident in basic immune processes, but it is unclear if rhythms exist in clinical endpoints like vaccine protection. Here, we examined associations between COVID-19 vaccination timing and effectiveness.METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed a large Israeli cohort with timestamped COVID-19 vaccinations (n = 1,515,754 patients over 12 years old, 99.2% receiving BNT162b2). Endpoints included COVID-19 breakthrough infection and COVID-19-associated emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Our main comparison was among patients vaccinated during morning (800-1159 hours), afternoon (1200-1559 hours), or evening hours (1600-1959 hours). We employed Cox regression to adjust for differences in age, sex, and comorbidities.RESULTSBreakthrough infections differed based on …

Lessons Learned From All For Them: Best Practices For A Cross-Collaboration Approach To Hpv Vaccination In Public Schools, Paula M Cuccaro, Jihye Choi, Efrat K Gabay, J Michael Wilkerson, Diane Santa Maria, Sanghamitra M Misra, Mayra Aguilar Mcbride, Sally W Vernon

Journal Articles

The Community Preventive Services Task Force endorses vaccination programs in schools to increase access to vaccinations. However, implementing a school-based approach requires substantial coordination, planning, and resources. All for Them (AFT) is a multilevel, multicomponent approach to increase HPV vaccination among adolescents attending public schools in medically underserved areas in Texas. AFT comprised a social marketing campaign, school-based vaccination clinics, and school nurse continuing education. Process evaluation metrics and key informant interviews to understand experiences with AFT program implementation informed lessons learned. Lessons emerged in six domains: strong champion, school-level support, tailored and cost-effective marketing approaches, mobile provider collaboration, community …

Effect Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Hpv Vaccination Rates, Jennifer Sepede, Kathy Chen

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that potentiates cancer in both males and females. There are over 200 different types of HPV and while some strains, specifically HPV 6 and 11, may result in genital and skin warts, others remain clinically silent. High risk strains, HPV 16 and 18, are most associated with cervical cancer in women. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was widespread hesitancy and rejection towards vaccination. Similarly, the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine has also been met with distrust since it’s release. Studies have shown that there is a low vaccination rate due to …

Anti-Vaccination: Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy And Its Consequences For Modern Public Health Policy, Joshua Bird

Senior Honors Theses

Modern vaccination is arguably the most significant medical achievement in human history. Through widespread vaccination, populations are no longer susceptible to diseases that plagued humanity for most of its existence (measles, rubella, smallpox). While vaccinations have largely shown themselves as safe and efficacious under most circumstances, small but considerable portions of the worldwide population reject vaccination for various social, religious, and political reasons. Research indicates that vaccine hesitancy spans all socioeconomic boundaries, affecting patients and their physicians. To explore the underlying themes of vaccine hesitancy and their relationship to loss aversion and omission bias, a study of various factors underlying …

Communicating Health: Misinformation And Mistrust In The Age Of Coronavirus, Chris Anstead

Undergraduate Theses

With one of the most advanced medical systems in the world, the Untied States still experienced an exceedingly high COVID-19 death rate per capita. Because biomedical therapies for COVID-19 were available, the focus of this review is on the social aspects of the COVID-19 response. By observing how Americans reacted to vaccination, masking, and social distancing guidelines, as well as how those guidelines were communicated to the general population from the public and private sectors, this thesis argues that the social and political aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic played a significant role in the outcome of the pandemic response. Additionally, …

Increasing Covid-19 Vaccination Coverage For Newcomer Communities: The Importance Of Disaggregation By Language, Abigail Steiner, Kristine Knuti Rodrigues, Nadège Mudenge, Janine Young, Rasulo Rasulo, Colleen Payton, Malini Desilva, Jeremy Michel, Mary Fabio, Katherine Yun

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected refugee, immigrant, and migrant populations. Vaccines are essential for decreasing transmission and severity of COVID-19 infection. Understanding differences in vaccination coverage based on preferred language is crucial for focusing efforts to decrease COVID-19-related disparities. Four sites in the Minnesota Center of Excellence in Newcomer Health collaboratively evaluated completion of primary COVID-19 vaccination series on or before December 31, 2021, for patients who were 12 years or older on June 30, 2021, by preferred language. The non-English/non-Spanish speaking population included 46,714 patients who spoke 174 languages; COVID-19 vaccination coverage by language ranged from 26.2% to …

Covid-19 Vaccination: A Study Of College Students’ Perceptions Regarding Inoculation Post-Covid Infection, Analisa Harter, Wilma Matti

Honors College Theses

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known as Covid-19, was first identified in China and proclaimed a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Covid-19 is a virus transmitted via respiratory droplets and becomes airborne when a person who carries the virus coughs, sneezes, or breathes out droplets, and the virus enters a susceptible host. Since the pandemic outbreak, three vaccines have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Despite FDA approval, many Americans are hesitant to receive Covid-19 vaccinations. The perceived severity of SARS-CoV-2 and the perceived safety of the vaccine appear to …

The Effects Of Obesity And Metabolic Abnormalities On Severe Covid-19-Related Outcomes After Vaccination: A Population-Based Study, Xiude Fan, Junming Han, Enfa Zhao, Jiansong Fang, Dawei Wang, Yiping Cheng, Yingzhou Shi, Zhen Wang, Zhenyu Yao, Peng Lu, Tianbao Liu, Qihang Li, Kyle L Poulsen, Zhongshang Yuan, Yongfeng Song, Jiajun Zhao

Journal Articles

Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections of vaccinated individuals are being reported globally, resulting in an increased risk of hospitalization and death among such patients. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the modifiable risk factors that may affect the protective efficacy of vaccine use against the development of severe COVID-19 and thus to initiate early medical interventions. Here, in population-based studies using the UK Biobank database and the 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we analyzed 20,362 participants aged 50 years or older and 2,588 aged 18 years or older from both databases who tested positive for SARS-COV-2, of whom 33.1% and 67.7% …

Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy And Vaccination Rate Among The Latino Population In South Carolina, Brynn E. Lynagh

Senior Theses

It is common knowledge that COVID-19 disproportionately impacts racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. Furthermore, these sects of the population exhibit increased vaccine hesitancy and lower vaccination rates as compared to the aggregated population of the United States, furthering the risk posed by COVID-19 to these communities. In particular, this study focuses on the Latino population in South Carolina, the vaccination rate among this community, and the perspectives which contributed to their vaccination decision. Two hundred Spanish and Portuguese speaking residents of South Carolina were interviewed using a paper survey conducted by pre-trained interviewers. The survey gathered data …

Dynamics Of A Fractional-Order Delayed Model Of Covid-19 With Vaccination Efficacy, Fathalla A. Rihan, Udhayakumar Kandasamy, Hebatallah J. Alsakaji, Nicola Sottocornola

All Works

In this study, we provide a fractional-order mathematical model that considers the effect of vaccination on COVID-19 spread dynamics. The model accounts for the latent period of intervention strategies by incorporating a time delay τ. A basic reproduction number, R0, is determined for the model, and prerequisites for endemic equilibrium are discussed. The model’s endemic equilibrium point also exhibits local asymptotic stability (under certain conditions), and a Hopf bifurcation condition is established. Different scenarios of vaccination efficacy are simulated. As a result of the vaccination efforts, the number of deaths and those affected have decreased. COVID-19 may not be effectively …

Meeting Patients Where They Are: A Nurse-Driven Quality Improvement Project To Provide Influenza Vaccinations In The Emergency Department, Stacie Hunsaker, Larry Garrett, Katreena Merrill, Rachelle Rhodes

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Influenza is highly contagious, vaccine-preventable, and may result in significant morbidity and mortality. While vaccination is the primary protection against influenza, vaccination rates remain low. Traditionally, primary care clinics, retail pharmacies, and public health departments offer influenza vaccines. However, offering influenza vaccines in new settings may increase their availability to the public and increase community uptake. This project aimed to add emergency departments as a new influenza vaccine location to increase the number of vaccines distributed during the 2020 to 2021 influenza season.

Methods: Adult patients discharged from 24 emergency departments were included in this pre- post-intervention project. A …

Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies In Mexican Population: A Five Vaccine Comparison, Fernando Alcorta-Nuñez, Diana Cristina Perez-Ibave, Carlos H. Burciaga-Flores, Miguel Angel Garza, Moises Gonzalez-Escamilla, Patricia Rodriguez-Nino, Juan Francisco Gonzalez-Guerrero, Adelina Alcorta-Garza, Genaro A. Ramírez-Correa

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Neutralizing antibodies (NAs) are key immunological markers and are part of the humoral response of the adaptive immune system. NA assays determine the presence of functional antibodies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. We performed a real-world evidence study to detect NAs that confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 after the application of five vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Sinovac, Moderna, and CanSino) in the Mexican population. Side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and clinical and demographic factors associated with low immunogenicity were also evaluated. A total of 242 SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated subjects were recruited. Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna proved the highest percentage of inhibition in a mono-vaccine scheme. Muscular …

Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A(H3n2)-Associated Hospitalized Illness: United States, 2022, Mark W Tenforde, Jennie H Kwon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with historically low influenza circulation during the 2020-2021 season, followed by an increase in influenza circulation during the 2021-2022 US season. The 2a.2 subgroup of the influenza A(H3N2) 3C.2a1b subclade that predominated was antigenically different from the vaccine strain.

METHODS: To understand the effectiveness of the 2021-2022 vaccine against hospitalized influenza illness, a multistate sentinel surveillance network enrolled adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness and tested for influenza by a molecular assay. Using the test-negative design, vaccine effectiveness (VE) was measured by comparing the odds of current-season influenza vaccination in influenza-positive …

Covid-19 Vaccine Effects On Exercise Habits And Attitudes In College Students, Heaven Dunn, Vipa Bernhardt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Coronavirus (COVID-19) affected and continues to alter lives across the world. The introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine brought changes to lockdown restrictions and a seemingly new normal. PURPOSE: to assess the effects of the COVID-19 vaccine on physical activity habits and attitudes among college students in the spring 2022 semester. METHODS: A link to a Qualtrics survey was emailed to all students enrolled in the spring 2022 semester at Texas A&M-Commerce. Respondents answered questions regarding their vaccination status, physical activity habits, and experiences with COVID. Qualitative answers were grouped and analyzed by common themes. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive …