Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Olanzapine Pharmacokinetics: A Clinical Review Of Current Insights And Remaining Questions, Priyanka Kolli, Grace Kelley, Marianela Rosales, Justin Faden, Ryan Serdenes

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

Olanzapine is one of the most widely used antipsychotics since its initial approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1996 and has undergone extensive pharmacokinetic study. Despite being utilized in clinical psychiatry for decades, there remain questions regarding the variety of available formulations, the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring, altered kinetic properties in special populations/medical illnesses, the use of high-dose olanzapine, and drug interactions, among many others. We performed a narrative literature review of olanzapine pharmacokinetics in June 2023 using the US National Library of Medicine's PubMed.gov resource (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) and Google Scholar. Herein, we review clinically relevant aspects …

Pharmacokinetics And Safety Of A Single Dose Of Telavancin In Pediatric Subjects 2-17 Years Of Age., John S. Bradley, Jennifer Goldman, Laura P. James, Byron Kaelin, Breanne H Y Gibson, Antonio Arrieta

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Antimicrobial resistance increases infection morbidity in both adults and children, necessitating the development of new therapeutic options. Telavancin, an antibiotic approved in the United States for certain bacterial infections in adults, has not been examined in pediatric patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the short-term safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single intravenous infusion of telavancin in pediatric patients. Single-dose safety and PK of 10 mg/kg telavancin was investigated in pediatric subjects >12 months to ≤17 years of age with known or suspected bacterial infection. Plasma was collected up to 24-h post-infusion and analyzed for concentrations of …

Effects Of Transition From Closed-Book To Open-Book Assessment On Students’ Scores In A Pharmacokinetics Course, Reza Mehvar, Richard Beuttler

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Closed-book summative assessment of student learning, common in pharmacy education, is challenging to administer in a remote setting due to the need for costly and intrusive monitoring technology. Therefore, open-book assessments without monitoring have been considered an alternative in remote settings. The present study investigated the effects of the transition from in-person closed-book to remote open-book format on the students’ scores in different assessment categories in a Pharmacokinetics course. The students’ performances in the transition cohort (Transition, n = 96) during the in-person and remote periods were compared with those of an in-person cohort (Control, n = 85) during the …

Development And Validation Of A Uplc-Ms/Ms Method To Investigate The Plasma Pharmacokinetics Of A KCa2.2/KCa2.3 Positive Allosteric Modulator In Mice, Mohammad Asikur Rahman, Devaraj Venkatapura Chandrashekar, Young-Woo Nam, Basir Syed, David Salehi, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi, Miao Zhang, Reza Mehvar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Rationale

There is currently no treatment for spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), which are a group of genetic disorders that often cause a lack of coordination, difficulty walking, slurred speech, tremors, and eventually death. Activation of K_Ca2.2/K_Ca2.3 channels reportedly exerts beneficial effects in SCAs. Here, we report the development and validation of an analytical method for quantitating a recently-developed positive allosteric modulator of K_Ca2.2/K_Ca2.3 channels (compound 2q) in mouse plasma.

Methods

Mouse plasma samples (10 μL) containing various concentrations of 2q were subjected to protein precipitation in the presence of a structurally similar internal …

Standardization Of Perioperative Management Of The Breastfeeding Women, Amrutha Panakkal

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Mother's milk is the optimal nutrition for the term and preterm neonates. The psychological and physiological stressors in the perioperative setting can impede a lactating mother's ability to breastfeed in the postoperative setting successfully. A best-practice guideline incorporating a stoplight color-coding chart and categories such as "safe," "caution," and "consider avoidance" was used to group medications according to their safety for anesthesia providers in a large urban academic medical center in Pennsylvania. The evidence-based guideline also provided links to the hospital policy, LactMed, and Hale database to streamline resources and aid in the rapid decision-making of anesthesia providers in identifying …

A New Method For Investigating Bioequivalence Of Inhaled Formulations: A Pilot Study On Salbutamol, Homa Razaei, Maryam Khoubnasabjafari, Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki, Hamed Hamishehkar, Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam, Elaheh Rahimpour, Reza Mehvar, Abolghasem Jouyban

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose: An efficient, cost-effective and non-invasive test is required to overcome the challenges faced in the process of bioequivalence (BE) studies of various orally inhaled drug formulations. Two different types of pressurized meter dose inhalers (MDI-1 and MDI-2) were used in this study to test the practical applicability of a previously proposed hypothesis on the BE of inhaled salbutamol formulations.

Methods: Salbutamol concentration profiles of the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples collected from volunteers receiving two inhaled formulations were compared employing BE criteria. In addition, the aerodynamic particle size distribution of the inhalers was determined by employing next generation impactor. …

A History Of The Representation Of Women In Clinical Trial: Implications For Modern Health Care, Madison Gulizia

Honors Theses

The male body is the medical baseline for all things regarding health care. Whether it is education or an actual trip to the doctor’s office, female bodies are still viewed as the “smaller male body.” The physiological differences in the male and female body range from the cellular level to whole body systems. These differences can mean millions of different things, depending on what avenue of discussion is taken. There are differences in the ways genes are expressed, leading to a variety in metabolic pathways, the digestive system, and the nervous system. A specific area that requires attention is the …

Synthesis, Radiolabeling And Evaluation Of A Suite Of Tracers With 44Sc For Detecting Extracellular Dna, Zhiyao Li

McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Neutrophil extracellular traps involve the rapid translocation of DNA to the outside of the cell under certain stimuli. This structure forms a fibrous network that is able to limit the spread of pathogens and to kill microorganisms. It has also been shown to be present in various pathological processes such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer metastasis. Currently, the formation process of NETs in vivo is being extensively studied. However noninvasive detection and quantitation has yet to be achieved. A class of PET tracers are described here that consists of a DNA dye as the backbone that is labeled with …

Implementing Auc Monitoring In A Pharmacist-Managed Vancomycin Dosing Protocol: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Brandon L S Robinson, Blake Bennie, Mahmoud Nasiri, Kieu Nguyen, Reba Forbess, Mallory Gessner-Wharton, Cassie Robertson

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Consensus guidelines on the therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin published in 2020 recognize that using the calculated area-under-the-curve (AUC) to guide dosing maximizes clinical efficacy and minimizes risk when compared to traditional trough-based dosing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AUC monitoring results in reduced acute kidney injury (AKI) rates in adult patients receiving vancomycin for all indications.

Methods

In this study, patients 18 years or older who received pharmacist-managed vancomycin therapy were selected using pharmacy surveillance software from 2 timeframes. Patients were excluded if they received less than 48 hours of therapy or had unstable …

Pharmacology For National Board Examination, Krina Shah

Dugoni School of Dentistry Student Scholarly Works

This pharmacology study guide is designed to provide students preparing for the National Boards exam with a clear and concise visual aid in the form of systemic flow charts. Each flow chart is organized by drug class and includes information on the mechanism of action, indications, contraindications, dosages, and common adverse effects for each drug within the class. By using this study guide, students can easily navigate through the complex world of pharmacology and feel confident in their ability to succeed on the pharmacology section of the National Board exam. The study guide for pharmacology is significant in several ways. …

An Epidemiological And Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Investigation Into The Impact Of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales, Justin Clark

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Background: According to the 2019 CDC Antibiotic Resistance Threats Report, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur in the United States each year, leading to more than 35,000 deaths. Among the most urgent threats identified by the CDC are carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Despite efforts to control the spread of these organisms, the number of estimated cases between 2012 and 2017 remained stable. In 2017, an estimated 13,100 hospitalized cases of CRE led to approximately 1,100 deaths and $130 million attributable healthcare costs. This dissertation seeks to address this issue from both a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and epidemiological perspective.

Methods: We evaluated the …