Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Synaptic Development In Diverse Olfactory Neuron Classes Uses Distinct Temporal And Activity-Related Programs, Michael A. Aimino, Alison T. Depew, Lucas Restrepo, Timothy J. Mosca

Farber Institute for Neuroscience Faculty Papers

Developing neurons must meet core molecular, cellular, and temporal requirements to ensure the correct formation of synapses, resulting in functional circuits. However, because of the vast diversity in neuronal class and function, it is unclear whether or not all neurons use the same organizational mechanisms to form synaptic connections and achieve functional and morphologic maturation. Moreover, it remains unknown whether neurons united in a common goal and comprising the same sensory circuit develop on similar timescales and use identical molecular approaches to ensure the formation of the correct number of synapses. To begin to answer these questions, we took advantage …

Language Development And Disorders, Sudhin Karuppali Dr.

Health collection

The field of language development and its disorders is a widely researched area in the field of speech-language pathology. However, language development in the Indian population is vaguely studied, probably because of the diversity of languages and cultures in this country. This has time and again resulted in difficulties in estimating the language levels of children with language impairments, consequently becoming challenging to prepare customized interventional plans. The lack of standardized language assessment tools has always been a concern in clinical practice. This lacuna in establishing accurate language levels has been observed in the adolescent population as well, which is …

Moderating Factors In The Relationship Between Bully Victimization And Psychosomatic Symptoms, Tonya Paulson

Theses and Graduate Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between bully victimization and psychosomatic symptoms, and to examine the protective influence of perceived parent and peer support across developmental age groups. Bully victimization frequency, somatic symptom severity, perceived parent support, and perceived peer support were assessed using archival data from 7,304 youth who participated in the 2009-2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) U.S. survey, excluding perpetrators of bullying. Bully victimization and somatic symptoms were significantly positively correlated. Older adolescents consistently reported more severe somatic symptoms, but age did not moderate the relationship between bullying and somatic symptoms. Higher …

Early Life Exposure To Unpredictable Parental Sensory Signals Shapes Cognitive Development Across Three Species, Elyssia Poggi Davis, Kari Mccormack, Hina Arora, Desiree Sharpe, Annabel K. Short, Jocelyne Bachevalier, Laura M. Glynn, Curt A. Sandman, Hal S. Stern, Mar Sanchez, Tallie Z. Baram

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Exposure to early life adversity has long term consequences on cognitive function. Most research has focused on understanding components of early life adversities that contribute to later risk, including poverty, trauma, maltreatment, and neglect. Whereas these factors, in the aggregate, explain a significant proportion of emotional and cognitive problems, there are serious gaps in our ability to identify potential mechanisms by which early life adversities might promote vulnerability or resilience. Here we discuss early life exposure to unpredictable signals from the caretaker as an understudied type of adversity that is amenable to prevention and intervention. We employ a translational approach …

Effects Of Early‑Life Experience On Innovation And Problem‑Solving In Captive Coyotes, Andrew C. Garcia, Mitchell A. Parsons, Julie K. Young

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Early-life experience often shapes behaviors like innovation and exploration. These behaviors are important to animals encountering novel food resources in diverse habitats, such as mesocarnivores in urban areas. To understand if early-life experiences impact later-life behavior, we examined how coyotes (Canis latrans) responded to a multi-access puzzle box at two life stages: pup (~ 7 weeks) and dispersal (~ 10 months). We first exposed pups, still living with their parents and littermates, to a baited puzzle box. At dispersal age, we again tested both these pups and an age-matched control group that was not exposed to the puzzle …

Creating And Implementing A Principal Investigator Tool Kit For Enhancing Accrual To Late Phase Clinical Trials: Development And Usability Study., Kristin A Higgins, Alexandra Thomas, Nancy Soto, Rebecca Paulus, Thomas J George, Thomas B Julian, Sharon Hartson Stine, Merry Jennifer Markham, Maria Werner-Wasik

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Accrual to oncology clinical trials remains a challenge, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. For late phase clinical trials funded by the National Cancer Institute, the development of these research protocols is a resource-intensive process; however, mechanisms to optimize patient accrual after trial activation are underdeveloped across the National Clinical Trial Network (NCTN). Low patient accrual can lead to the premature closure of clinical trials and can ultimately delay the availability of new, potentially life-saving therapies in oncology.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to formally create an easily implemented tool kit of resources for investigators of oncology clinical …

Effect Of Orthodontics On Upper Airway. Series 1: Growth And Development Of Airway, Kuang-Hsuan Chang, Eddie Hsiang-Hua Lai, Kang-Yee Wang, Hui-Jen Tsai, Chih-Liang Julian Ho

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

Comprehensive treatment of the facial skeleton and occlusion requires an understanding of all functional variables, including the upper airway. Numerous reports have shown a causal relationship between the upper airway and respiratory mode in the development of facial morphology and malocclusion. This article reviewed the airway assessment in normal subjects during growth and development, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects and malocclusion subjects.

Development Of Wefit Screening Tool For Assessing Pre-Exercise Fitness Level For Older Adults In Peninsular Malaysia, Divya Vanoh, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin, Suzana Shahar, Shahrul Azman Mohd Noah, Zahara Abdul Manaf, Noorlaili Mohd Tohit

Journal of Health Research

Background: Pre-exercise screening is important to identify the fitness level of older adults prior to performing exercise. This study aimed to develop a screening tool for identifying older adults with poor physical fitness prior to exercising.

Method: Participants involved 2315 older adults from four states in Peninsular Malaysia. Several social and health parameters were investigated, and fitness level was assessed using hand grip strength. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was chosen to determine the cut-off point, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and Youden`s Index of the screening tool.

Results: Age, sex, waist circumference, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and fasting blood …

On The Roles Of Trait Anxiety And Toll Like Receptor 4 In Amphetamine Sensitization In Adolescent Male Rats, Corey A. Calhoun

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Mammalian adolescence can be a difficult transition from childhood to adulthood, where increases in impulsivity and novelty- and risk-seeking are combined with heightened affect and elevated sensitivity to stress. Indeed, during adolescence, first drug use patterns emerge and in the continental United States, increasing misuse of amphetamines has been observed in adolescent youth. Myriad neural mechanisms underlie this shift in adolescence, including the dynamic remodeling of the mesocorticolimbic (MCL) pathway. Repeated drug administration affects neuroimmune substrates within the MCL circuit including toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)Advances in addiction neuroscience indicate that drugs of abuse activate neural TLR4 and implicate glial TLR4 …

Family-Centered Psychosocial Care For Pediatric Oncology Patients, Jessica W. Casey

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Psychosocial conditions are prevalent in pediatric oncology patients (Kahalley et al., 2013). Family and social support are essential aspects of a patient's health care outcomes (Merck & McElfresh, 2019). Anxiety and depression are common in pediatric oncology patients due to trauma during treatment (Pao & Kazak, 2015). These patients also can have preexisting developmental or behavioral conditions before starting treatment. Treatment side effects can also cause cognitive and behavioral changes (Nixon, 2014b). Nurses should be knowledgeable and confident in their ability to care for patients' psychosocial health and development. The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project is …

The Effects Of Executive Function Between Anxiety And Math Achievement In Adolescents, Mckenzie Hall

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Anxiety in Children can develop into pervasive disorders in adulthood if not treated. Research shows dysfunctional Executive Function (EF) and anxiety are both shown to have a negative impact on math achievement in children and adolescents (Trezise & Reeve, 2018; Kalaycioglu, 2015; Owens, Stevenson, Hadwin & Norgate, 2012). Chung, Weyandt, and Swentosky (2014) found biological and neuropsychological support for EF as a unitary and multifaceted processor for regulating our emotional states as well as our daily procedures. Anderson’s (2002) model of Executive Control System (ECS) allows the factors of EF to be examined using a developmental approach towards EF processes. …

Development Of Evidence-Based Covid-19 Management Guidelines For Local Context: The Methodological Challenges, Sarah Nadeem, Salima Saleem Aamdani, Bushra Ayub, Nashia Ali Rizvi, Fatima Safi Arslan, Russell Seth Martins, Maria Khan, Syed Faisal Mahmood

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented as a therapeutic challenge for clinicians worldwide due to its rapid spread along with evolving evidence and understanding of the disease. Internationally, recommendations to guide the management of COVID-19 have been created and updated continuously by the WHO and CDC, which have been locally adapted by different countries. Similarly, Pakistan's National Command Operation Center (NCOC), in its national COVID-19 management strategy, generated guidelines for national implementation. Keeping the guidelines updated has proved challenging globally and locally. Here, we present a summary of the process to assess the evidence, including a time-restricted …

A Nurse Leader Residency Program: Improving Leadership Competencies, Melanie Stanton

Epsilon Sigma at-Large Research Conference

Ballad Health nurse leaders received little nursing leadership education or competency development before beginning their leadership roles; yet they are crucial to improve quality, safety, cost, patient experience, and team member engagement. Competency development is linked to improved nurse leader confidence, job satisfaction, and retention. Additionally, the organization is experiencing a shortage of prepared internal candidates to fill vacant nurse manager positions. The organization’s Chief Nursing Council (CNC) questioned if a leadership development program could improve new and aspiring nurse managers' leadership competency. The CNC aimed to improve nurse leader competency by implementing and measuring the effectiveness of an evidence-based …

Suppression Of Pi3k Signaling Is Linked To Autophagy Activation And The Spatiotemporal Induction Of The Lens Organelle Free Zone, Rifah Gheyas, Ramon Ortega-Alvarez, Daniel Chauss, Marc Kantorow, A. Menko

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

The terminal steps of lens cell differentiation require elimination of all organelles to create a central Organelle Free Zone (OFZ) that is required for lens function of focusing images on the retina. Previous studies show that the spatiotemporal elimination of these organelles during development is autophagy-dependent. We now show that the inhibition of PI3K signaling in lens organ culture results in the premature induction of autophagy within 24 h, including a significant increase in LAMP1+ lysosomes, and the removal of lens organelles from the center of the lens. Specific inhibition of just the PI3K/Akt signaling axis was directly linked to …

Early Exploration Of One’S Own Body, Exploration Of Objects, And Motor, Language, And Cognitive Development Relate Dynamically Across The First Two Years Of Life, Iryna Babik, James Cole Galloway, Michele A. Lobo

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Early exploratory behaviors have been proposed to facilitate children’s learning, impacting motor, cognitive, language, and social development. This study related the performance of behaviors used to explore oneself to behaviors used to explore objects, and then related both types of exploratory behaviors to motor, language, and cognitive measures longitudinally from 3 through 24 months of age via secondary analysis of an existing dataset. Participants were 52 children (23 full-term, 29 preterm). Previously published results from this dataset documented delays for preterm relative to full-term infants in each assessment. The current results related performance among the assessments throughout the first 2 …

From Hemispheric Asymmetry Through Sensorimotor Experiences To Cognitive Outcomes In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Iryna Babik

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Recent neuroimaging studies allowed us to explore abnormal brain structures and interhemispheric connectivity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Behavioral researchers have long reported that children with CP exhibit suboptimal performance in different cognitive domains (e.g., receptive and expressive language skills, reading, mental imagery, spatial processing, subitizing, math, and executive functions). However, there has been very limited cross-domain research involving these two areas of scientific inquiry. To stimulate such research, this perspective paper proposes some possible neurological mechanisms involved in the cognitive delays and impairments in children with CP. Additionally, the paper examines the ways motor and sensorimotor experience during …

Approaches To Examining The Role Of Auditory Evoked Potentials In Early Language Development, Alyssa Janes

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Previous research has suggested a relationship between auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and spoken language proficiency, but their interactions during the earliest stages of development are not well understood. AEP-Age, an index that estimates the maturity of a child’s AEP relative to same-aged peers, has been effective in investigating this relationship in school-aged children, but has yet to be applied to younger populations. This thesis includes two Stage 1 Manuscripts (Registered Reports) for future studies to (a) assess the utility of AEP-Age to predict chronological age and language ability in 18-48-month-old children, and (b) investigate the relationship between AEP-Age and …

Age-Related Changes And Longitudinal Stability Of Individual Differences In Abcd Neurocognition Measures, Andrey P. Anokhin, Monica Luciana, Marie Banich, Deanna M. Barch, James M. Bjork, Marybel R. Gonzalez, Raul Gonzalez, Frank Haist, Joanna Jacobus, Krista Lisdahl, Erin Mcglade, Bruce Mccandliss, Bonnie Nagel, Sara J. Nixon, Susan Tapert, James T. Kennedy, Wesley K. Thompson

Psychiatry Publications

Temporal stability of individual differences is an important prerequisite for accurate tracking of prospective relationships between neurocognition and real-world behavioral outcomes such as substance abuse and psychopathology. Here we report age-related changes and longitudinal test-retest stability (TRS) for the Neurocognition battery of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which included the NIH Toolbox (TB) Cognitive Domain and additional memory and visuospatial processing tests administered at baseline (ages 9–11) and two-year follow-up. As expected, performance improved significantly with age, but the effect size varied broadly, with Pattern Comparison and the Crystallized Cognition Composite showing the largest age-related gain (Cohen’s …

A Marginal Identity Model For Those In The "In-Between", Francine S. Singson, Sonia Meyer, Christine A. Reid

Graduate Research Posters

1. Background

In existing models exploring the formation cultural identity, there is emphasis on development from the perspective of race or country of origin. While these models have made significant contributions to the study of identity development in the fields of counseling and psychology, research on the identity development of people who exist within the spectrum between traditionally acknowledged identities (Deaf/Hearing, LGBTQIA+, first/second generation) is lacking.

1. Methods

To explore the merit of establishing a distinct theory exploring development of individuals whose identities exist between the existing binaries of identity, a systematic review and analysis of current literature was performed. Subsequently, a …

The Dangers Of Aces, Olivia Carey, Thea Forrest, Adna Abdi

Maine Medical Center

ACEs stands for Adverse Childhood Experiences, included (but not limited to) physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, substance abuse, neglect, dysfunctional families, and mental illness'. ACEs impacts childhood development and increases chances of future health implications.

Affective Flexibility As A Developmental Building Block Of Cognitive Reappraisal: An Fmri Study, Jordan E. Pierce, Eisha Haque, Maital Neta

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty and Staff Publications

Cognitive reappraisal is a form of emotion regulation that involves reinterpreting the meaning of a stimulus, often to downregulate one’s negative affect. Reappraisal typically recruits distributed regions of prefrontal and parietal cortex to generate new appraisals and downregulate the emotional response in the amygdala. In the current study, we compared reappraisal ability in an fMRI task with affective flexibility in a sample of children and adolescents (ages 6–17, N = 76). Affective flexibility was defined as variability in valence interpretations of ambiguous (surprised) facial expressions from a second behavioral task. Results demonstrated that age and affective flexibility predicted reappraisal ability, …

The Requirement Of Transcriptional Lim Complex Co-Regulators For Pancreatic Endocrine Cell Development And Function, Eliana Davi Toren

All ETDs from UAB

The prevalence and tremendous impact of diabetes mellitus has made glucose regulation of the insulin-producing -cell and surrounding pancreatic islet of Langerhans a center of public and research interests alike. A comprehensive understanding of these hormone-producing cells begins with their developmental origins. What are the genetic cues and participants in the tightly orchestrated process of their formation? Investigating the earliest determinants of islet-cell fate not only allows us to deeply understand mature - and islet-cell function, but also produces a data-driven template for how these cells can be reproduced in future stem-cell based diabetes therapies. LIM transcriptional complexes are indispensable …

Deoxyribose Phosphate Aldolase Is Required For Development Of Hematopoietic Stem Cells In The Zebrafish Embryo, Anubhav Thapaliya, Sanyam Patel, Teerth Y. Patel, Sivam J. Bhatt, Erich W. Damm

Undergraduate Research Posters

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are an integral part of modern biomedical research because they are precursors to all blood cell lineages in vertebrates. Further understanding of hematopoietic development will allow for improvements in the success of therapeutic bone marrow transplantation; which is a crucial treatment in management of both malignant and non-malignant blood disorders. Although HSC transplantation is curative for many blood disorders, finding compatible donors is difficult due to a need for immunologic compatibility. Consequently, recent research efforts have been directed towards generating HSCs for the patient, from the patient themselves through the directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem …

Development, Implementation, And Evaluation Of A Professional Practice Model: A Scoping Review, Gemma Doleman, Di Twigg

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim:

The aim of this study is to synthesize available literature describing the development, implementation and evaluation of a Professional Practice Model.

Background:

A Professional Practice Model is an overarching theory-based framework that depicts nursing values and defines the structure and process of nursing care. No research has synthesized available literature on this topic in recent times. Evaluation: A review of English language papers was published from 2015 to 2022. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria.

Key Issues:

All studies highlighted the importance of having a Professional Practice Model that reflects nursing care activities and resonates with nurses across an …

Developing An Evaluation Process For Telehealth In A Copd Clinic, Jodi H. Biller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Background: Telehealth was broadly implemented as a care modality in response to a worldwide pandemic in 2020. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, while telehealth was not new, it was not widely utilized at the project site location, and a uniform method of evaluating its effectiveness was needed. This quality assurance project developed and piloted a uniform process to evaluate telehealth in a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) clinic, then evaluated stakeholder perceptions about the process used in developing the evaluation tool.

Methods: The telehealth evaluation tool was developed using the National Quality Forum (NQF) framework and Global Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) …