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Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2021

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

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Articles 1 - 30 of 39

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Spontaneous Globe Subluxation: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Tesfaye Yadete, Ian Isby, Ketan Patel, Alex Lin Dec 2021

Spontaneous Globe Subluxation: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Tesfaye Yadete, Ian Isby, Ketan Patel, Alex Lin

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Spontaneous globe subluxation (SGS) is an atraumatic anterior dislocation of the eyeball. It is exceedingly rare. Understanding SGS predisposing factors may help uncover its etiology and undertake vision-saving management. Case presentation: A 48-year-old female presented to the ED with her right eye out of its socket. She reported blurry vision, photophobia, and pain in the affected eye. She was unable to close her right eyelid and was in obvious distress. On arrival, her blood pressure was elevated. Her medical history was notable for hypertension and obesity. On physical examination, extraocular eye movements were not intact, and the globe appeared …

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Improving Care For Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Through The Use Of A Personal Electrocardiogram, Teresa Praus, Jonathan Li, Svetlana Barbarash, Manuel Proenza, Mary D. Bondmass Dec 2021

Improving Care For Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Through The Use Of A Personal Electrocardiogram, Teresa Praus, Jonathan Li, Svetlana Barbarash, Manuel Proenza, Mary D. Bondmass

Nursing Faculty Publications

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia affecting more than six million people in the United States. The economic burden is estimated to be >$6 billion annually with catastrophic events dramatically increasing expenditure. When patients experience symptoms, they commonly present to an acute care facility; this can be costly and anxiety provoking. Local problem: Same-day access issues prohibit patients from communicating directly with their cardiology provider, forcing them to use resources and increasing psychological burden.Methods:A convenience sample, made up of 43 patients, was given a KardiaMobile device. Eligible patients had ≥2 AF-related emergency department (ED) or urgent care …

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Exploring Treatment Targets To Mitigate Fear Of Falling Activity Avoidance Behavior In Parkinson's Disease And Older Adults, John Vincent Rider Dec 2021

Exploring Treatment Targets To Mitigate Fear Of Falling Activity Avoidance Behavior In Parkinson's Disease And Older Adults, John Vincent Rider

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Fear of falling (FOF) is a significant concern among individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and older adults in general. This FOF can lead to avoidance behavior resulting in activity restriction. Some level of fear of falling avoidance behavior (FFAB) may be protective (adaptive) and decrease the likelihood of falls, especially among individuals with physical limitations and high fall risk. However, excessive (maladaptive) avoidance behavior may lead to downstream consequences such as further physical and psychological decline and an increased likelihood of falls, especially when there is a disparity between the FFAB and physiological fall risk. While poor physical functioning, disease …

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Statistical Measurements Of Dispersion Measure Fluctuations Of Frbs, Siyao Xu, David H. Weinberg, Bing Zhang Nov 2021

Statistical Measurements Of Dispersion Measure Fluctuations Of Frbs, Siyao Xu, David H. Weinberg, Bing Zhang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

Extragalactic fast radio bursts (FRBs) have large dispersion measures (DMs) and are unique probes of intergalactic electron density fluctuations. By using the recently released First CHIME/FRB Catalog, we reexamined the structure function (SF) of DM fluctuations. It shows a large DM fluctuation similar to that previously reported in Xu & Zhang, but no clear correlation hinting toward large-scale turbulence is reproduced with this larger sample. To suppress the distortion effect from FRB distances and their host DMs, we focus on a subset of CHIME catalog with DM < 500 pc cm-3. A trend of nonconstant SF and nonzero correlation function (CF) at angular separations θ less than 10 is seen, but with large statistical uncertainties. The difference found between SF and that derived from CF at θ ≲ 10 can be ascribed to the large statistical uncertainties or the density inhomogeneities on scales on the order of 100 Mpc. The possible correlation of electron density fluctuations and inhomogeneities of density distribution should be tested when several thousands of FRBs are available.

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Black Infertility And Social Media Engagement: A Mixed Methodology Analysis, Melody Rasouli, Benette Krizel Sagun, Kajal Verma, Cindy M. Duke Nov 2021

Black Infertility And Social Media Engagement: A Mixed Methodology Analysis, Melody Rasouli, Benette Krizel Sagun, Kajal Verma, Cindy M. Duke

Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Objective: To study social media engagement on black infertility to better understand why there is lower utilization of in vitro fertilization by black women despite higher infertility rates. Design: The online analytics module BuzzSumo was used to quantify total engagements with the search term “black infertility” across the commonly used social media platforms. The 10 article links with the highest engagement were selected from periods in 2020 and 2021. Sources cited in each article were reviewed to identify those that had citations of scientific peer-reviewed journals or national medical organizations. The contents of each article were reviewed for accuracy by …

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Trends And Disparities In Osteoarthritis Prevalence Among Us Adults, 2005–2018, Yingke Xu, Qing Wu Nov 2021

Trends And Disparities In Osteoarthritis Prevalence Among Us Adults, 2005–2018, Yingke Xu, Qing Wu

Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine Faculty Research

Studies reporting trends and disparities of osteoarthritis (OA) in the United States are limited. We aimed to examine trends and disparities of OA prevalence among US adults, from 2005 to 2018. Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005–2006 to 2017–2018 were analyzed. Age-adjusted and self-reported OA prevalence, stratified by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES), was calculated separately for men and women. The linear trend and the association between the survey cycles and OA prevalence were assessed. Age-adjusted and self-reported OA prevalence linearly increased in the seven survey cycles (both Plinear trend ≤ 0.0002) in men and …

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Intracorporeal And Extracorporeal Anastomosis For Robotic-Assisted And Laparoscopic Right Colectomy: Short-Term Outcomes Of A Multi-Center Prospective Trial, Robert K. Cleary, Matthew Silviera, Tobi J. Reidy, James Mccormick, Craig S. Johnson, Patricia Sylla, Jamie Cannon, Henry Lujan, Andrew Kassir, Ron Landmann, Wolfgang Gaertner, Edward Lee, Amir Bastawrous, Ovunc Bardakcioglu, Sushil Pandey, Vikram Attaluri Nov 2021

Intracorporeal And Extracorporeal Anastomosis For Robotic-Assisted And Laparoscopic Right Colectomy: Short-Term Outcomes Of A Multi-Center Prospective Trial, Robert K. Cleary, Matthew Silviera, Tobi J. Reidy, James Mccormick, Craig S. Johnson, Patricia Sylla, Jamie Cannon, Henry Lujan, Andrew Kassir, Ron Landmann, Wolfgang Gaertner, Edward Lee, Amir Bastawrous, Ovunc Bardakcioglu, Sushil Pandey, Vikram Attaluri

Surgery Faculty Publications

Background: Studies to date show contrasting conclusions when comparing intracorporeal and extracorporeal anastomoses for minimally invasive right colectomy. Large multi-center prospective studies comparing perioperative outcomes between these two techniques are needed. The purpose of this study was to compare intracorporeal and extracorporeal anastomoses outcomes for robotic assisted and laparoscopic right colectomy. Methods: Multi-center, prospective, observational study of patients with malignant or benign disease scheduled for laparoscopic or robotic-assisted right colectomy. Outcomes included conversion rate, gastrointestinal recovery, and complication rates. Results: There were 280 patients: 156 in the robotic assisted and laparoscopic intracorporeal anastomosis (IA) group and 124 in the robotic …

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Artificial Image Objects For Classification Of Breast Cancer Biomarkers With Transcriptome Sequencing Data And Convolutional Neural Network Algorithms, Xiangning Chen, Daniel G. Chen, Zhongming Zhao, Justin M. Balko, Jingchun Chen Oct 2021

Artificial Image Objects For Classification Of Breast Cancer Biomarkers With Transcriptome Sequencing Data And Convolutional Neural Network Algorithms, Xiangning Chen, Daniel G. Chen, Zhongming Zhao, Justin M. Balko, Jingchun Chen

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Transcriptome sequencing has been broadly available in clinical studies. However, it remains a challenge to utilize these data effectively for clinical applications due to the high dimension of the data and the highly correlated expression between individual genes. Methods: We proposed a method to transform RNA sequencing data into artificial image objects (AIOs) and applied convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms to classify these AIOs. With the AIO technique, we considered each gene as a pixel in an image and its expression level as pixel intensity. Using the GSE96058 (n = 2976), GSE81538 (n = 405), and GSE163882 (n = …

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Palliative Care And Life-Sustaining/Local Procedures In Colorectal Cancer In The United States Hospitals: A Ten-Year Perspective, Zahra Mojtahedi, Ja Seol Koo, Ji Yoo, Pearl Kim, Hee-Taik Kang, Jinwook Hwang, Moon Kyung Joo, Jay J. Shen Oct 2021

Palliative Care And Life-Sustaining/Local Procedures In Colorectal Cancer In The United States Hospitals: A Ten-Year Perspective, Zahra Mojtahedi, Ja Seol Koo, Ji Yoo, Pearl Kim, Hee-Taik Kang, Jinwook Hwang, Moon Kyung Joo, Jay J. Shen

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: In recent years, palliative care utilization has been increasing while life-sustaining/local procedures have been declining at the end of life. Palliative care utilization widely varies based on tumor type. Limited information is available on inpatient palliative care in colorectal cancer. Aims: This study investigated inpatient palliative care utilization and its association with patient demographics, hospital charges, and procedures among colorectal cancer patients admitted to US hospitals between 2008 and 2017. Receipt of life-sustaining and local procedures and surgeries were also investigated during the ten years. Methods: Data were extracted from the National inpatient sample (NIS) database containing de-identified information …

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Lobectomy For Acquired Lobar Emphysema Months Following Newborn Repair Of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Mary Froehlich, Lance Horner, Joseph Stathos, Craig Nakamura, Michael G. Scheidler Oct 2021

Lobectomy For Acquired Lobar Emphysema Months Following Newborn Repair Of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Mary Froehlich, Lance Horner, Joseph Stathos, Craig Nakamura, Michael G. Scheidler

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Chronic lung disease is a known morbidity of congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair. Although described as a diffuse lung process, we present a case of localized lobar emphysema in a child with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair successfully treated with lobectomy. We aim to describe this unique clinical manifestation, detail the intraoperative findings, and describe the successful postoperative course.

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Using Macros In Microsoft Excel To Facilitate Cleaning Of Research Data, Justin Bauzon, Caleb Murphy, Sandhya Wahi-Gururaj Sep 2021

Using Macros In Microsoft Excel To Facilitate Cleaning Of Research Data, Justin Bauzon, Caleb Murphy, Sandhya Wahi-Gururaj

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Retrospective chart review studies may be delayed by inability to export clean clinical data from an electronic medical record (EMR) or data repository. Macros are pre-programmed procedures that can be used in Microsoft Excel to help streamline the process of cleaning clinical datasets. Objectives: To demonstrate how macros may be useful for researchers at community hospitals and smaller academic health centers that lack informatics support. Methods: Using an intrinsic function of our institution’s EMR, vital signs and lab results from 20 individual hospitalizations were exported to a spreadsheet. Two macros were developed to sort through these datasets and output …

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Submental Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia Following Cryolipolysis: A Report And Management Recommendations, Demitri V. Franzoni, Miriam Al-Hamad Daubs, Mitchell E. Lyons, Jo-Lawrence Bigcas, Harry H. Ching, Joshua J. Goldman Sep 2021

Submental Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia Following Cryolipolysis: A Report And Management Recommendations, Demitri V. Franzoni, Miriam Al-Hamad Daubs, Mitchell E. Lyons, Jo-Lawrence Bigcas, Harry H. Ching, Joshua J. Goldman

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Cryolipolysis (CoolSculpting®) is a Food and Drug Administration-cleared noninvasive fat-reduction technique that has gained popularity in recent years given its reduced cost, risk of adverse effects, and recovery time relative to traditional invasive methods, such as liposuction. Despite this low incidence of adverse effects, there have been increasing reports of a rare aesthetically displeasing phenomenon termed paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH). PAH presents several months after cryolipolysis as a painless and well-demarcated enlargement of the tissue limited to the treatment area.1 With a reported incidence ranging from 0.005% to 2%, all known cases of PAH have been localized to the treatment …

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Does Low Income Effects 5-Year Mortality Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients?, Dong Jun Kim, Ji Won Yoo, Jong Wha Chang, Takashi Yamashita, Eun-Cheol Park, Kyu-Tae Han, Seung Ju Kim, Sun Jung Kim Sep 2021

Does Low Income Effects 5-Year Mortality Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients?, Dong Jun Kim, Ji Won Yoo, Jong Wha Chang, Takashi Yamashita, Eun-Cheol Park, Kyu-Tae Han, Seung Ju Kim, Sun Jung Kim

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: In Korea, the universal health system offers coverage to all members of society. Despite this, it is unclear whether risk of death from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varies depending on income. We evaluated the impact of low income on HCC mortality. Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance sampling cohort was used to identify new HCC cases (n = 7325) diagnosed between 2004 and 2008, and the Korean Community Health Survey data were used to investigate community-level effects. The main outcome was 5-year all-cause mortality risk, and Cox proportional hazard models were applied to investigate the individual- and community-level factors associated …

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Valproic Acid Autoinduction: A Case-Based Review, Sean Bennett, Mujeeb U. Shad Sep 2021

Valproic Acid Autoinduction: A Case-Based Review, Sean Bennett, Mujeeb U. Shad

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Although valproic acid (VPA) induces the metabolism of multiple other drugs, the clinical reports of VPA autoinduction are rare. A comprehensive literature search yielded only one published case series, which provided the rationale to conduct a review of the published cases along with a new case of VPA autoinduction. Although there may be myriad of reasons for lack of published cases of VPA autoinduction, potential underreporting may be one of the core reasons. Lack of understanding into the highly complex metabolism of VPA may also make it difficult to recognize and report VPA autoinduction. However, it is important to mention …

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Skilled Maneuvering: Evaluation Of A Young Driver Advanced Training Program, Samantha A. Slinkard-Barnum, Laura K. Gryder-Culver, Kavita Batra, Paul J. Chestovich, Deborah A. Kuhls Aug 2021

Skilled Maneuvering: Evaluation Of A Young Driver Advanced Training Program, Samantha A. Slinkard-Barnum, Laura K. Gryder-Culver, Kavita Batra, Paul J. Chestovich, Deborah A. Kuhls

Surgery Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Young drivers (YDs) are disproportionately injured and killed in motor vehicle crashes throughout the United States. Nationally, YDs aged 16 to 20 years constituted nearly 9% of all traffic-related fatalities in 2018. A Nevada Advanced Driver Training (ADT) program for YDs aims to reduce YD traffic injuries and fatalities through four modules taught by professional drivers. The program modules include classroom-based didactic lessons and hands-on driving exercises intended to improve safe driving knowledge and behaviors. The overarching purpose of this study was to determine if theNevada ADT programachieved its objectives for improving safe driving knowledge and behaviors based on …

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Relationship Between Cognitive Performance And Lower Extremity Biomechanics: Implications For Sports-Related Concussion, Jason M. Avedesian, Tracey Covassin, Shelby Baez, Jennifer Nash, Ed Nagelhout, Janet S. Dufek Aug 2021

Relationship Between Cognitive Performance And Lower Extremity Biomechanics: Implications For Sports-Related Concussion, Jason M. Avedesian, Tracey Covassin, Shelby Baez, Jennifer Nash, Ed Nagelhout, Janet S. Dufek

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Collegiate athletes with prior sports-related concussion (SRC) are at increased risk for lower extremity (LE) injuries; however, the biomechanical and cognitive mechanisms underlying the SRC-LE injury relationship are not well understood. Purpose: To examine the association between cognitive performance and LE land-and-cut biomechanics among collegiate athletes with and without a history of SRC and to determine the association among multiple cognitive testing batteries in the same athlete cohort. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A cohort of 20 collegiate athletes with prior SRC (9 men, 11 women; mean ± standard deviation [SD] age, 20.5 ± 1.3 years; mean ± …

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Consensus-Based Standards And Indicators To Strengthen Trauma Center Injury And Violence Prevention Programs, Christy Adams, Deborah A. Kuhls, Shelli Stephens-Stidham, Julie Alfonso, Stewart Williams, Glen H. Tinkoff Aug 2021

Consensus-Based Standards And Indicators To Strengthen Trauma Center Injury And Violence Prevention Programs, Christy Adams, Deborah A. Kuhls, Shelli Stephens-Stidham, Julie Alfonso, Stewart Williams, Glen H. Tinkoff

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

For decades, the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACSCOT) has published Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient, which outlines specific criteria necessary to be verified by the college as a trauma center, including having an organized and effective approach to prevention of trauma. However, the document provides little public health-specific guidance to assist trauma centers with developing these approaches. An advisory panel was convened in 2017 with representatives from national trauma and public health organizations with the purpose of identifying strategies to support trauma centers in the development of a public health approach to injury and …

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Dietary Blueberry And Soluble Fiber Improve Serum Antioxidant And Adipokine Biomarkers And Lipid Peroxidation In Pregnant Women With Obesity And At Risk For Gestational Diabetes, Arpita Basu, Jeannette Crew, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, Jefferson W. Kinney, Arnold M. Salazar, Petar Planinic, James M. Alexander Aug 2021

Dietary Blueberry And Soluble Fiber Improve Serum Antioxidant And Adipokine Biomarkers And Lipid Peroxidation In Pregnant Women With Obesity And At Risk For Gestational Diabetes, Arpita Basu, Jeannette Crew, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, Jefferson W. Kinney, Arnold M. Salazar, Petar Planinic, James M. Alexander

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

Pregnancies affected by obesity are at high risk for developing metabolic complications with oxidative stress and adipocyte dysfunction contributing to the underlying pathologies. Few studies have examined the role of dietary interventions, especially those involving antioxidants including polyphenolic flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables on these pathologies in high-risk pregnant women. We conducted an 18 gestation-week randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of a dietary intervention comprising of whole blueberries and soluble fiber vs. control (standard prenatal care) on biomarkers of oxidative stress/antioxidant status and adipocyte and hormonal functions in pregnant women with obesity (n = 34). Serum samples …

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Developing Methods To Detect And Diagnose Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy During Life: Rationale, Design, And Methodology For The Diagnose Cte Research Project, Jeffrey Cummings, Numerous Authors, See Full List Below Aug 2021

Developing Methods To Detect And Diagnose Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy During Life: Rationale, Design, And Methodology For The Diagnose Cte Research Project, Jeffrey Cummings, Numerous Authors, See Full List Below

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease that has been neuropathologically diagnosed in brain donors exposed to repetitive head impacts, including boxers and American football, soccer, ice hockey, and rugby players. CTE cannot yet be diagnosed during life. In December 2015, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke awarded a seven-year grant (U01NS093334) to fund the “Diagnostics, Imaging, and Genetics Network for the Objective Study and Evaluation of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (DIAGNOSE CTE) Research Project.” The objectives of this multicenter project are to: develop in vivo fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers for CTE; characterize its clinical presentation; refine …

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Prevalence Trend And Disparities In Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Us Adults, 2005–2018, Yingke Xu, Qing Wu Jul 2021

Prevalence Trend And Disparities In Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Us Adults, 2005–2018, Yingke Xu, Qing Wu

Public Health Faculty Publications

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) trends among US adults and disparities in RA patients in recent years have not been well described. We aimed to examine the trend of RA prevalence and disparities among US adults. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the years 2005–2018 were analyzed to examine the self-reported RA prevalence trend. Age-adjusted RA prevalence stratified by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES), as well as associated linear trends, were calculated for both genders. The multivariable adjustment was used to evaluate the association between race, SES, and RA. During 2005–2018, there was no significant linear trend …

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Trial Of Pimavanserin In Dementia-Related Psychosis, Pierre N. Tariot, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Maria E. Soto-Martin, Clive Ballard, Deniz E. Erten-Lyons, David L. Sultzer, Davangere P. Devanand, Daniel Weintraub, Bradley Mcevoy, James M. Youakim, Srdjan Stankovic, Erin P. Foff Jul 2021

Trial Of Pimavanserin In Dementia-Related Psychosis, Pierre N. Tariot, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Maria E. Soto-Martin, Clive Ballard, Deniz E. Erten-Lyons, David L. Sultzer, Davangere P. Devanand, Daniel Weintraub, Bradley Mcevoy, James M. Youakim, Srdjan Stankovic, Erin P. Foff

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND Patients with dementia due to neurodegenerative disease can have dementia-related psychosis. The effects of the oral 5-HT2A inverse agonist and antagonist pimavanserin on psychosis related to various causes of dementia are not clear. METHODS We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled discontinuation trial involving patients with psychosis related to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, or vascular dementia. Patients received open-label pimavanserin for 12 weeks. Those who had a reduction from baseline of at least 30% in the score on the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms-Hallucinations and Delusions (SAPS-H+D, with higher …

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Aducanumab: Appropriate Use Recommendations, Jeffrey Cummings, P. Aisen, L. G. Apostolova, A. Atri, S. Salloway, M. Weiner Jul 2021

Aducanumab: Appropriate Use Recommendations, Jeffrey Cummings, P. Aisen, L. G. Apostolova, A. Atri, S. Salloway, M. Weiner

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Aducanumab has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Clinicians require guidance on the appropriate use of this new therapy. An Expert Panel was assembled to construct Appropriate Use Recommendations based on the participant populations, conduct of the pivotal trials of aducanumab, updated Prescribing Information, and expert consensus. Aducanumab is an amyloid-targeting monoclonal antibody delivered by monthly intravenous infusions. The pivotal trials included patients with early AD (mild cognitive impairment due to AD and mild AD dementia) who had confirmed brain amyloid using amyloid positron tomography. The Expert Panel recommends that use …

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Using The Multi-Theory Model (Mtm) Of Health Behavior Change To Explain The Correlates Of Mammography Screening Among Asian American Women, Manoj Sharma, Chia-Liang Dai, Kavita Batra, Ching-Chen Chen, Jennifer R. Pharr, Courtney Coughenour, Asma Awan, Hannah Catalano Jul 2021

Using The Multi-Theory Model (Mtm) Of Health Behavior Change To Explain The Correlates Of Mammography Screening Among Asian American Women, Manoj Sharma, Chia-Liang Dai, Kavita Batra, Ching-Chen Chen, Jennifer R. Pharr, Courtney Coughenour, Asma Awan, Hannah Catalano

Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Globally, breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women. The incidence of breast cancer has been growing among Asian American women. Mammography is a screening procedure that provides early diagnosis for the timely treatment to reduce premature mortality due to breast cancer. However, there are no national data available that summarize the rates of mammography screening among Asian American women. Some small-scale studies have reported low rates of mammography uptake among Asian American women. This cross-sectional study utilized the fourth-generation, multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change to explain the correlates of mammography screening among Asian American women between …

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Serum Urate And Cardiovascular Events In The Dcct/Edic Study, Alicia J. Jenkins, Barbara H. Braffett, Arpita Basu, Ionut Bebu, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, Trevor J. Orchard, Amisha Wallia, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, W. Timothy Garvey, John M. Lachin, Timothy J. Lyons Jul 2021

Serum Urate And Cardiovascular Events In The Dcct/Edic Study, Alicia J. Jenkins, Barbara H. Braffett, Arpita Basu, Ionut Bebu, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, Trevor J. Orchard, Amisha Wallia, Maria F. Lopes-Virella, W. Timothy Garvey, John M. Lachin, Timothy J. Lyons

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

In type 2 diabetes, hyperuricemia is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but associations in type 1 diabetes (T1D) have not been well-defined. This study examined the relationships between serum urate (SU) concentrations, clinical and biochemical factors, and subsequent cardiovascular events in a well-characterized cohort of adults with T1D. In 973 participants with T1D in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC), associations were defined between SU, measured once in blood collected 1997-2000, and (a) concurrent MetS and (b) incident 'any CVD' and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) through 2013. …

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Assessing Clinical Change In Individuals Exposed To Repetitive Head Impacts: The Repetitive Head Impact Composite Index, Charles Bernick, Guogen Shan, Lauren Bennett, Jay Alberts, Jeffrey Cummings Jul 2021

Assessing Clinical Change In Individuals Exposed To Repetitive Head Impacts: The Repetitive Head Impact Composite Index, Charles Bernick, Guogen Shan, Lauren Bennett, Jay Alberts, Jeffrey Cummings

Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: There is a current lack of any composite measure for the effective tracking and monitoring of clinical change in individuals exposed to repetitive head impacts (RHI). The aim of this study is to create a composite instrument for the purposes of detecting change over time in cognitive and behavioral function in individuals exposed to RHI. Methods: The data to derive the composite instrument came from the Professional Fighters Brain Health Study (PFBHS), a longitudinal study of active and retired professional fighters [boxers and mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters] and healthy controls. Participants in the PFBHS underwent assessment on an …

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Menu Engineering And Dietary Behavior Impact On Young Adults’ Kilocalorie Choice, Christine Bergman, Yuan Tian, Andrew Moreo, Carola Raab Jul 2021

Menu Engineering And Dietary Behavior Impact On Young Adults’ Kilocalorie Choice, Christine Bergman, Yuan Tian, Andrew Moreo, Carola Raab

Hospitality Faculty Research

The obesity pandemic is associated with increased consumption of restaurant food. Labeling of menus is an intervention used to provide consumers with kilocalorie (calorie) information in hopes of them making healthier food choices. This study evaluated the relationship between young adults’ calorie choices on restaurant menus and menu design, dietary behaviors, and demographic characteristics. A 3 (fast-casual restaurants) × 4 (menu-designs based on menu engineering theories) between-subjects (n = 480, 18–24-year olds) experimental design was used. The relationship between the participants’ calorie choices (high versus low) and menu design, stage of change, gender, race, educational level and weight status was …

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Functional Outcomes Of Unstable Ankle Fractures With And Without Syndesmotic Fixation In The Adolescent Population, Connor J. Paez, Benjamin M. Lurie, Vidyadhar V. Upasani, Andrew T. Pennock Jun 2021

Functional Outcomes Of Unstable Ankle Fractures With And Without Syndesmotic Fixation In The Adolescent Population, Connor J. Paez, Benjamin M. Lurie, Vidyadhar V. Upasani, Andrew T. Pennock

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare functional outcomes of adolescents with and without ankle syndesmotic injuries and identify predictors of functional outcome after operative ankle fractures. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on operative adolescent ankle fractures treated between 2009 and 2019 with a minimum of one-year follow-up (mean 4.35 years). Patients who underwent syndesmotic fixation (SF) (n = 48) were compared with operative ankle fractures without syndesmotic injury (n = 63). Functional outcomes were assessed using standardized questionnaires, specifically the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation. Results: There were no differences …

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Cardiac Transplant Recipient With Covid-19 Induced Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure: A Case Report, Ariyon Schreiber, Kalaimani Elango, Kimberly Hong, Chowdhury Ahsan Jun 2021

Cardiac Transplant Recipient With Covid-19 Induced Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure: A Case Report, Ariyon Schreiber, Kalaimani Elango, Kimberly Hong, Chowdhury Ahsan

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Heart transplant recipients represent a particularly vulnerable patient population to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to chronic immunosuppression and high rates of comorbidities. Currently, data are limited and evidence to guide management of heart transplant recipients with COVID-19 is sparse. In this case report, we provide a summary of the current literature as well as an in-depth analysis of our clinical decision-making. Case summary: A 67-year-old female who underwent cardiac transplantation 1 year prior was found to have acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Her immunosuppressant medications were modulated with discontinuation of mycophenolate and titration of …

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A Screen For Sleep And Starvation Resistance Identifies A Wake-Promoting Role For The Auxiliary Channel Unc79, Kazuma Murakami, Justin Palermo, Bethany A. Stanhope, Allen G. Gibbs, Alex C. Keene Jun 2021

A Screen For Sleep And Starvation Resistance Identifies A Wake-Promoting Role For The Auxiliary Channel Unc79, Kazuma Murakami, Justin Palermo, Bethany A. Stanhope, Allen G. Gibbs, Alex C. Keene

Life Sciences Faculty Research

The regulation of sleep and metabolism are highly interconnected, and dysregulation of sleep is linked to metabolic diseases that include obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Furthermore, both acute and long-term changes in diet potently impact sleep duration and quality. To identify novel factors that modulate interactions between sleep and metabolic state, we performed a genetic screen for their roles in regulating sleep duration, starvation resistance, and starvation-dependent modulation of sleep. This screen identified a number of genes with potential roles in regulating sleep, metabolism, or both processes. One such gene encodes the auxiliary ion channel UNC79, which was implicated in …

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Impact Of Neoantigen Expression And T-Cell Activation On Breast Cancer Survival, Wenjing Li, Amei Amei, Francis Bui, Saba Norouzifar, Lingeng Lu, Zuoheng Wang Jun 2021

Impact Of Neoantigen Expression And T-Cell Activation On Breast Cancer Survival, Wenjing Li, Amei Amei, Francis Bui, Saba Norouzifar, Lingeng Lu, Zuoheng Wang

Mathematical Sciences Faculty Research

Neoantigens are derived from tumor-specific somatic mutations. Neoantigen-based syn-thesized peptides have been under clinical investigation to boost cancer immunotherapy efficacy. The promising results prompt us to further elucidate the effect of neoantigen expression on patient survival in breast cancer. We applied Kaplan–Meier survival and multivariable Cox regression models to evaluate the effect of neoantigen expression and its interaction with T-cell activation on overall survival in a cohort of 729 breast cancer patients. Pearson’s chi-squared tests were used to assess the relationships between neoantigen expression and clinical pathological variables. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to identify correlations between neoantigen expression, mutation …

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