Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Evidence That Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Is The Most Successful In Treating Individuals With Scrupulosity Ocd, Sydney Christensen

Student Works

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has been evident to be the most successful treatment in treating individuals struggling with Scrupulosity OCD. CBT focuses on training the cognitive part of our brain to differentiate the individual’s intrusive, obsessive thoughts and thoughts that are real. It helps the individual struggling with Scrupulosity OCD to be presented with factual information to provide evidence against their obsessive thoughts. In this paper, it will provide the information supporting that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the most successful in treating individuals with Scrupulosity OCD. The information provided shows that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is successful because it focuses more …

The Negative Side Of A Student-Athlete, Mickey Strauss

Student Works

College athletes have different levels of success and failures throughout their college careers. These successes and failures can easily determine if an athlete is happy, can build up or break down self-esteem and confidence. In addition to student-athlete having many positive benefits like developing healthy lifestyle habits, increase happiness, increase self-esteem and self worth. The challenges that a college athlete faces are the benefits and hazards of physical activity, factors that lead to happiness or depression.

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has reported an increase in suicide in student-athletes, causing it to be the fourth leading cause of death …

Filling The Knowledge Gap For Nurse Leaders: Next Steps Following Covid-19, Mikel W. Hand, Catherine Alexander, Bret Lyman, Joy Parchment, M Lindell Joseph, Esther Chipps

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to share gaps in knowledge and research related to pandemic management identified by nurse leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a larger Delphi study, nurse leaders responded to an open-ended question about gaps in research they saw as important following the pandemic. Responses were analyzed using directed content analysis. Results are presented as 4 supercategories: Organizational leadership preparedness, adaptive leadership in crisis, innovations in care delivery, and health, well-being, and resilience.

Pre-Licensure Nursing Students' Experiences Of Psychological Safety: A Qualitative Descriptive Study, Bret Lyman, Camille R. Mendon

Faculty Publications

Background: Organizational learning is essential for consistently providing safe, efficient, high-quality patient care. Psychological safety is foundational for organizational learning. For pre-licensure nursing students psychological safety is crucial for both their learning and patient safety. Understanding pre-licensure nursing students' experiences of psychological safety can guide efforts to cultivate clinical environments conducive to learning and excellent patient care.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to gain insight into pre-licensure nursing students' first-hand experiences with psychological safety in clinical settings.

Design: A qualitative, descriptive design was used for this study.

Settings: Participants were recruited from 12 different nursing programs across eight …

Diary Of An Afghan Woman Collection - September 2021

TSOS Interview Gallery

Four women share with us their daily lives in Afghanistan. Join them as they express their love for the country, the people, and each other; and as they share with you their deepest fears and most intimate moments.

They refuse to be silenced as they journey through this new, uncharted chapter in Afghanistan's history.

We at TSOS are honored to provide a platform for their voices to be heard. We will post entries as we receive them. For safety purposes, names have been changed and only avatars (designed with input from each woman) will be used.

ZOYA

Zoya is a …

Setting The Research Agenda For Nursing Administration And Leadership Science: A Delphi Study, Esther Maria Chipps, M Lindell Joseph, Catherine Alexander, Bret Lyman, Logan Mcginty, Heather Nelson-Brantley, Joy Parchment, Reynaldo R. Rivera, Mary Anne Schultz, Danielle M. Ward, Susan Weaver

Faculty Publications

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize research topics for nursing administration and leadership science.

Background: Nursing administration and leadership research priorities should provide a framework for building the science needed to inform practice.

Methods: The Association for Leadership Science in Nursing (ALSN) and American Organization for Nursing Leadership (AONL) Foundation (AONL-F) for Nursing Leadership and Education collaborated on a Delphi study. Initial input on research priority items were received from ALSN and AONL members. National experts participated in a 3-round Delphi study.

Results: Top-ranked priorities included: 1) nurses' health, well-being, resiliency, and safety in the …

Organizational Learning During Covid-19: A Qualitative Study Of Nurses' Experiences, Bret Lyman, Morgan K. Horton, Alyssa Oman

Faculty Publications

Aim: The aim of this study is to test the validity of the Organizational Learning in Hospitals model in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Organizational learning is especially crucial in circumstances of intense, complex, enduring change, as with the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurse managers need additional guidance for fostering organizational learning under such circumstances. The Organizational Learning in Hospitals model may be a helpful resource but requires additional validation.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather 19 nurses' first-hand experiences of organizational learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis.

Results: Nurses' experiences of organizational …

Responding To Parents' Questions Regarding Polysorbate 80, Aluminum, And Thimerosal In Vaccines, Elli Hugh, Beth Luthy

Student Works

Vaccines save millions of lives worldwide every year. Nevertheless, misinformation regarding vaccine ingredients circulates on various media platforms and may negatively influence parental decisions regarding childhood vaccinations. Three vaccine ingredients commonly associated with parental vaccine concerns include polysorbate 80, aluminum, and thimerosal. Common misconceptions about polysorbate 80 and neurological sequela exist within the vaccine hesitant community. Additionally, aluminum has been incorrectly connected to chronic disease in children. Though proven that thimerosal does not cause autism, vaccine critics have now inaccurately reformed the argument claiming that it is the combination of thimerosal and aluminum that causes autism. The purpose of this …

Student Nurse Knowledge And Confidence Regarding Childhood Immunizations, Heather Westergard

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Immunization training is essential for nursing students. However, Brigham Young University's (BYU) Nursing Program lacks data regarding the current curriculum's effect on vaccination knowledge and confidence. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore BYU nursing students' knowledge and confidence regarding vaccinations. Methods: Nursing students at BYU in the second and fourth semesters were surveyed using pre-and post-test questionnaires designed to measure student nurses' knowledge of and confidence about immunizations. To help evaluate current curricula established immunization content was taught during both the public health course and pediatric course via direct instruction, assigned reading, quizzes, exams, lab, and …

Yosuf, Yosuf, Tsos

TSOS Interview Gallery

Yosef and his family of four are from the Herat Province in Afghanistan. The eldest child used to sell potatoes with Ibrahim, the middle child, who was killed by a landmine planted by counter-revolutionaries. As a result, the eldest child, Ismail, developed severe nerve and mental issues, and the wife, who is now pregnant, frequently has seizures. They sold their home to treat Ismail, but doctors say nothing can be done. Ismail’s condition continues to worsen, but he refuses to leave to see a doctor because he is afraid of the police for an unknown reason. Yosef says he is …

Methods To Stop Caffeine Use And Minimize Caffeine Withdrawal Symptoms In The State Of Caffeine Dependence: A Literature Review, Morgan Behling, Blaine Winters

Student Works

Caffeine is the most consumed psychoactive drug in the world and those who consume it frequently become dependent. Even if individuals desire to quit caffeine, they may not be able to due to withdrawal side effects, or a lack of knowledge of how to quit. Harmful effects of long-term caffeine consumption include fatigue, irritability, headaches, nausea, and depression. The goal of this literature review was to explore current evidence on different methods to quit or reduce caffeine use and minimize caffeine withdrawal effects in those who are dependent. A literature review of studies from 2014 to 2020 was conducted using …

The Impact Of Emergency Response Trainees During The Ebola Outbreak In Sierra Leone, 2014-2016, Abbey Whitcomb

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This research aimed to address the impact of non-health trainees as a part of the emergency health response during the Ebola outbreak within Sierra Leone. The non-health trainees, including sanitation workers within health settings, ambulance drivers, burial teams, prison officers, community engagement staff, border officers, traditional birth assistants, etc. was contrasted with individuals receiving clinical and patient-care training. The data were taken from weekly situation reports published by the Internal Organization for Migration in 2015. Using a negative binomial model, we sought to determine the incidence rate ratio of weekly cases and deaths as a result of new trainees. Trainees …

Critical Access Hospital Nurses' Perceptions Of Obstacles And Helpful Behaviors In End-Of-Life Care, Trissa Michelle Lyman

Theses and Dissertations

Background: The Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) system was developed to bring health care to rural populations. Although CAHs lack equipment and resources, CAH nurses still provide end-of-life (EOL) care to critically-ill and dying patients. Objectives: To determine the largest and smallest ranked obstacles and helpful behaviors to providing EOL care to rural patients as perceived by CAH nurses. Also, to determine how CAH nurses' perceptions of obstacles and helpful behaviors to providing EOL care compare to that of their urban counterparts. Methods: A cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of nurses working in 39 CAHs were sent a questionnaire. Nurse participants were …

Lisa Campbell, Lisa Campbell, Tsos

TSOS Interview Gallery

Lisa Campbell, project manager for the non-profit Do Your Part Refugee Community Center in Greece. Lisa combined efforts with multiple organizations to better the lives of refugees in the Delisi, Greece area. Lisa discusses the evolution of the growing refugee crisis and the millions who flee to Greece and Turkey.

Educational Intervention On Rheumatic Heart Disease In Samoa, Linda Loyda Ida Tovar

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This paper reviews the impact of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in Samoa and assesses the effectiveness of a caregiver education intervention by using data collected during the 2019 Rheumatic Relief Program trip. A pre- and post- survey collection tool was used to evaluate the effectiveness of current educational efforts among Samoan child caregivers. Dr. Richard Gill and Dr. Lori Allen, who are both BYU Department of Biology professors and Rheumatic Relief directors, participated in the creation of this program evaluation and completion. This project aims to assess the current caregiver education intervention program used in Rheumatic Relief and provide clear …

Social Determinants Of Health Screening And Preventive Care: A Survey To Assist In Linking Patients To Community Resources In Payson, Utah, Gabriel Ghanadan

Undergraduate Honors Theses

A survey was conducted to screen for social factors that may negatively affect the health of patients being seen by physicians at the Revere Health Family Medicine Clinic in Payson, Utah. Patients who expressed the need for local community services and resources were referred to these services by researchers via phone after physicians were consulted. Out of 690 individuals who visited the clinic between November 11 to December 2, 2019, the survey was administered to and filled out completely by 169 patients. Demographic information on participants was not collected to reduce response time and encourage participation. One hundred and twelve …

Effectiveness Of A Vaccination Education Module For College Freshman, Gavin Robert Behunin

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate a vaccination education module and evaluate its effectiveness to improve vaccine beliefs and behaviors among college freshmen. The participants included 177 college freshmen at one Utah university. Participants were eligible for this study if admitted as a new freshman during the 2019-2020 school year. The study was a cross-sectional pre- and post-education evaluation assessing vaccine beliefs and behaviors using a Likert-type scale. After completing the vaccination education module, participants' vaccine beliefs and behavioral intentions improved. Participants reported they were more likely to be up-to-date on personal vaccines and more likely to expect …

A Systematic Review Of Mental Illness, Criminogenic Risk, And The U.S. Prison System, Eliza Esquibel

Student Works

The incarceration rates in the United States are the highest in the world. Within the U.S. prison population, mental illness is overrepresented as compared to the general population. The present study examined existing literature that researched the connection between the prison system and mental illness, and the potential solutions to this crisis. The studies looked at focused on psychiatric disorders, substance disorders, and trauma. They also focused on the intersection between race, mental illness, and the prison system, and the intersection between mental illness, gender, and the prison system. These studies revealed a high prevalence of untreated mental illness in …

The Influence Of Pause On Listeners' Perceptions In Speech Of People With Aphasia, Emily Wright

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine how varying pause lengths in speech of people with aphasia (PWA) influences listeners' perceptions. The study specifically assesses listeners' perceptions of communicative effectiveness and speaker likability. Speech samples from six people with nonfluent or fluent aphasia were obtained from a previous study conducted by Harmon (2018). The speech samples were modified to create four sets of stimuli, including the original recordings, normalized within utterance pauses, normalized between utterance pauses, and normalized for both within and between utterance pauses. Forty listeners rated each of the speech samples based on the perceived communicative effectiveness …

Correlations Between Cognitive Pause Patterns And Listener Perceptions Of Communicative Effectiveness And Likeability For People With Aphasia, Heidi Raylene Mcconaghie

Theses and Dissertations

A prevalent feature of typical spontaneous speech are speech pauses. Longer speech pauses, known as cognitive pauses, occur in typical speech and are indicative of higher-level cognitive processes. Atypical cognitive pauses, however, are prevalent in the speech of people with aphasia consequent to their communication disorder. Research has shown that these atypical pauses may contribute to negative listener perceptions. This study aimed to determine the influence of atypical speech pause on listener perceptions of communicative effectiveness and speaker likeability. Specifically, this study evaluated the relationship between listener ratings of communicative effectiveness and likeability and acoustic measures of between-utterance pause duration, …

Addressing Melanoma Risk In Families, Rebecca B. Roy, Deborah O. Himes

Student Works

Melanoma is one of the top 10 cancers in the United States. It is an aggressive and potentially fatal skin cancer. Up to 10% of all people diagnosed with melanoma have a positive family history of melanoma and a family history with a first degree relative can increase the risk for family members by 75%. Poor family communications often result in first degree relatives’ lack of knowledge about risk and prevention for melanoma. Considering this lack of knowledge, primary care providers have the opportunity to assess risk; teach and encourage prevention measures; teach and perform skin exams; and refer to …

The Etiology Of Mdd In Sexual Minority Youth And Its Implications For Treatment, Keith Burns

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Greater tolerance and understanding of homosexuality, transgenderism, and other forms of gender nonconformity have sparked an increased effort to reach out to and help sexual minorities (i.e., groups whose sexual identity, orientation, or practices differ from cisgender heterosexuality), especially those who experience mental health challenges. Despite immense progress in society, deeply rooted social stigma, prejudice, and discrimination have often left sexual minorities feeling bullied, ostracized, and isolated, which tends to reinforce a host of negative mental health outcomes, such as increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidality (Hatchel et al., 2018). While mental health clinicians have become increasingly …

Experiences Of Nonbinary And Gender Nonconforming Individuals Within The Healthcare System, Chloe B. Lacey

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Though nonbinary and gender nonconforming people are becoming increasingly recognized in North America, specialized healthcare—specifically gender-affirming procedures—are not becoming available to them. Researchers have examined the subjective experiences of these individuals as they have navigated the healthcare system in order to further understand possible limitations for nonbinary and gender nonconforming populations. Methods include assessing the procedures available to participants and their interpersonal experiences with healthcare professionals and family members. Scientific resources on this topic are limited, and the results are overwhelmingly represented by self-report. Furthermore, the content of the results is majorly negative toward the participants’ experiences. Participants report verbal …

Creating A Work Environment Conducive To Organizational Learning, Bret Lyman, Marisa E. Biddulph, V Grace Hopper, Morgan K. Horton, Camille R. Mendon

Faculty Publications

Through organizational learning, health care teams can consistently provide excellent patient care in a complex and changing environment. Nurse managers, educators, and other leaders can facilitate organizational learning within their teams by promoting certain contextual factors in the clinical work environment. This article provides an overview of contextual factors associated with organizational learning, includes practice-based examples of these factors, and offers evidence-based recommendations for creating a learning-focused work environment.

Helping Babies: The Mental And Physical Effects Of Massage Therapy On Preterm Infants, Sadie Johnson

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The purpose of this paper is to address and review the literature regarding the effects of massage therapy on preterm infants. Each of the studies done focused on infants aged 0–12 months. The literature specifically looks at irritability states, stress, analgesia, weight-gain, sleep-wake cycles, cognition, and gastrointestinal function. In accordance with the studies reviewed in this article, I deduce that massage therapy can be used with preterm infants to reduce irritability and stress, increase weight-gain, support greater rest, facilitate short-term cognitive improvement, and create a greater improvement in gastrointestinal function. Massage therapy can also reduce pain in infants who have …

Sports-Injury Recovery Through Psychological Interventions, Harley T. Hamilton

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The biomechanics of an injury is the typical focus of athletic trainers and coaches. Surgery is often the result of sports injury and is routinely followed by a rehabilitation plan. This plan usually includes physical therapy and focuses on the return of mobility and function of the injured anatomical structure (Rodriguez et al., 2019). Athletic trainers are usually not properly trained on the psychological aspects of injury recovery (Bennett et al., 2016). Sometimes the involvement of a sports medicine professional (SMP) or sport psychology consultant (SPC) is necessary to help the athlete fully recover. Because there is a psychological change …

The Comorbidity Of Drug And Alcohol Consumption In Relation To Mental Health Disorders, Sydney Dawson

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The constantly increasing use of drugs and alcohol in young adults has created great controversy in the medical community on the long-term effects of these substances. The average brain development of adolescence and young adults is not complete until the age of 25, though drug and alcohol intake occur across the United States at younger ages each year. Impulsive behavior and underdeveloped neural pathways create a strong pull for addiction formulations and the development of severe mental-health problems. This paper reviews the positive and negative effects of illicit drugs and alcohol intake and their comorbidity with mental health disorders. There …

Musculoskeletal Injuries In The Austere Setting: A Pilot Training For Student Nurses, Diego H. González

Student Works

Registered Nurses (RNs) make up the largest proportion of healthcare workers in the United States. As such, RNs are frequently involved in responding to emergencies in austere settings such as natural disasters and wilderness environments. Many injuries in the austere setting are categorized as musculoskeletal. Currently, nursing programs do not provide any curricular training on austere medicine. This leaves nurses unprepared to face the challenge of responding to emergencies in the austere environment.

Purpose: Create and pilot test an effective training for a nursing program at a private university in the Western United States on musculoskeletal injuries in the austere …

Tapering Buprenorphine, Alexis Diane Snyder

Student Works

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is increasing in incidence in the United States. Buprenorphine is the mainstay of medication-assisted treatment for OUD. Nurse practitioners play an essential role in solving the opioid epidemic and are increasingly relied on to prescribe buprenorphine. Even though buprenorphine is considered a long-term therapy, many patients request to taper off the drug. Evidence suggests that tapering from buprenorphine is frequently unsuccessful and remains as a challenge. The purpose of this article is to provide the best available evidence regarding the taper of buprenorphine in patients with OUD. Considering a buprenorphine taper should begin by evaluating if …

Empowering Nurse Practitioners To Make Health Policy Change: A Guide To Successful Passage Of Legislation In Utah, Heather Merrill, Lacey Eden, Karlen Beth Luthy

Student Works

Introduction: There is growing political apathy among nurses. This trend must be reversed to make meaningful change in healthcare. In 2017, the authors championed a bill, House Bill 308 Substitution 2 (HB 308 Sub 2), which passed in the Utah Legislature.

Guide: This health policy paper details the process of enacting HB 308 Substitution 2 to guide Nurse Practitioners in enacting legislation. The steps detailed to enact legislation are based on the acronym CHANGE which stands for collecting data, hinge, associations, negotiate, gather, and expect to be the expert. Basics of the legislature are also explained such as timing, the …