Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Detection And Genetic Characterization Of Emerging And Re-Emerging Viral Enteric Diseases In Swine In Thailand, Taveesak Janetanakit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Emerging and re-emerging important enteric viruses in pigs including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and enterovirus G (EVG) are important pathogens of food security and public health concerns. In Thailand, the information on the occurrences and status of PEDVs, PDCoVs and EVGs is limited. Especially, Thai-EVGs have never been reported before. This thesis composes of three study phases. Phase 1 is surveillance of swine enteric viruses in pig farms. Phase 2 is genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of swine enteric viruses. Phase 3 is development of rapid diagnostic tests using RT-LAMP with lateral flow device (LFD) and …

ความหลากหลายของจีนเคซีนของแพะนมในประเทศไทย, นภารัตน์ เนาวนัด

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษาความหลากหลายของจีนเคซีนทั้ง 4 ชนิดในฐานะของจีนแคนดิแดท ที่มีผลต่อลักษณะการปริมาณน้ำนมในแพะจำนวน 65 ตัวแบ่งเป็นกลุ่มแพะที่มีบันทึกการให้ผลผลิตแล้วอย่างน้อย 1 ลำดับการให้นมและมีข้อมูลของลูกแพะ จำนวน 26 ตัว และกลุ่มแพะที่ไม่มีบันทึกการให้ผลผลิต จำนวน 35 ตัว จากการตรวจสอบความหลากหลายทางพันธุกรรมของจีนทั้ง 4 ชนิดด้วยวิธี DNA sequencing พบอัลลีลของจีนอัลฟาเอส 1 เคซีนทั้งหมด 3 ชนิด ได้แก่ A, C และ E มีความถี่ของอัลลีล เท่ากับ 0.577, 0.177 และ 0.246 ตามลำดับ มีความถี่จีโนไทป์ของ AA, AC, AE, CC และ EE เท่ากับ 0.292, 0.292, 0.277, 0.031 และ 0.108 ตามลำดับ จีนเบต้าเคซีน พบอัลลีลทั้งหมด 2 ชนิด ได้แก่ A และ F มีความถี่ของอัลลีล เท่ากับ 0.538 และ 0.462 ตามลำดับ มีความถี่จีโนไทป์ของ AA, AF และ FF เท่ากับ 0.246, 0.585 และ 0.169 ตามลำดับ จีนอัลฟาเอส 2 เคซีน พบอัลลีลทั้งหมด 2 ชนิด ได้แก่ A และ B มีความถี่ของอัลลีล เท่ากับ 0.862 และ 0.138 ตามลำดับ มีความถี่จีโนไทป์ของ AA และ AB เท่ากับ 0.723 และ …

Genetic Characteristics Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Escherichia Coli Isolated From Pigs, Pork And Humans In Thailand And Lao Pdr Border Provinces, Chanika Pungpian

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objectives of this study were to monitor the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Escherichia coli isolated from pigs, pork and humans in Thailand-Laos border areas, characterize AMR of E. coli isolated from pigs, pork and humans in Thailand-Laos border areas, and compare the resistance to last-line antimicrobials of E. coli and Salmonella isolated from pigs and pork in Thailand-Laos and Thai-Cambodia border areas. Three study projects were conducted. Project 1 demonstrated the results of phenotypic and genotypic monitoring of AMR in E. coli in pigs, pork, and humans in Thailand and Lao PDR border provinces. A total of …

Development Of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Clove Oil As Anesthetic Agent In White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei), Somrudee Kaewmalun

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Clove oil is an essential oil extracted from the dried buds and leaves of the clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum). Clove oil contains eugenol as the main active ingredient. Clove oil used as an anesthesia functions as calming effect, loss of equilibrium, non-reactivity and consciousness in lead to reduce activity, physiological stress, mortality rate, and preventing cannibalism method during handling and transportation. However, the component of clove oil is insoluble in water and must be dissolved in ethanol. So, clove oil ethanolic solution leading to toxic and irritation in animal and user. In this study, to avoid this side effect, the …

Comparison Of Canine Urinary Bacterial Population In Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis And Healthy Conditions, Nichamon Rakprakobkij

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Urolithiasis is one of the most common lower urinary tract diseases in dogs. Struvite is the most canine uroliths reported, and the second reported is calcium oxalate (CaOx). However, the proportion of CaOx urolithiasis tends to be increased. CaOx urolithiasis has high incidence of recurrence after the treatment and the pathogenesis of the stone formation is uncleared. Recent studies revealed that oxalate degrader bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract has important roles in CaOx stone formation but no research has been done to study the composition and the role of microbiome in the urinary tract of dogs with CaOx urolithiasis. This …

The Effect Of Whole-Body Vibration On Thermographic Readings Of The Equine Back And Distal Forelimb, Megan Leclerc

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Modern horses are sophisticated athletes, which puts them at a high risk for injury. One therapy now being utilized is whole-body vibration. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of whole-body vibration on the distal forelimb and the back of the healthy horse using thermography.

Data were collected over a 30-day period. Test horses stood on the vibration plate (n=10) 3 days a week for 30-minute sessions with the plate vibrating at 30-40 Hz. The control horses (n=10) received no treatment during the study. Baseline thermographic images were taken for all horses, and post treatment images were …

Recovery Of Isolated Pancreatic Isletsderived From Gut Leak-Induced Diabetes Type Ii Mouse Model, Adretta Soedarmanto

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Gut leak in the obese patient was known to be one of the predisposing factors causing diabetes type II. Indeed, the interleukin-10 (IL-10) plays a key role in gut mucosa homeostasis preventing the gut leak. Nevertheless, the linkage of diabetes type 2 caused by gut leak with IL-10 deficiency in the non-diabetes patient has not been investigated yet. Islets transplantation is known as the best alternative treatment for diabetes. The culture of isolated islets is still facing difficulties to preserve the morphology, viability, and functionality. Therefore, the present study was aiming to prove the concept of gut-leak on IL-10 deficient …

Effect Of Dietary Microencapsulated Organic Acid And Essential Oil On Sow Performance And Nursery Piglet Growth Performance And Fecal Bacteria, Aprilia Rizky Riadini

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The effect of feed supplementation with microencapsulated organic acids and essential oils (MOE, Porcinate+) in feed was investigated according to sow and nursery pig growth performances, and fecal bacteria population. Experiment 1: healthy three hundred and twenty sows during its late gestation period (7 days before farrowing) until the weaning phase (28 days after farrowing) were randomly divided as control group (160 sows) which was fed with basal diet, and treatment group (160 sows), which was fed with basal diets supplemented with 2 kilograms (kg) of MOE in 1 ton of feed. Each of 4 replications was composed of 40 …

Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Genetic Diversity, Pathogenesis And Modified-Live Vaccines, Adthakorn Madapong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a causative agent of PRRS that reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in piglets is the hallmark of the disease. Recently, several PRRSV modified live vaccines (MLV) are available, and vaccine selection is a concern. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate the genetic diversity of Thai PRRSV isolates during 2001-2017; 2) to evaluate the pathogenicity of Thai PRRSV isolates; 3) to determine the efficacy of PRRSV MLV against Thai field PRRSV infection and 4) to investigate the effectiveness of PRRSV MLV when administered via intramuscular (IM) and …

Clinical Diagnosis, Ultrastructural Study And Antigenic Characterization Of Platynosomum Fastosum In Cats, Babi Kyi Soe

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Platynosomum fastosum is a cat liver fluke causing hepatobiliary diseases in cats. To evaluate the criterior to support the suspicion index for early disease detection during subclinical infection, the biochemical parameters composed of liver, pancreatic enzymes, tumor markers were evaluated in 14 P. fastosum naturally-infected cats. As a result, alanine transaminase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were found elevated in 57.8% (8/14) of infected cats. For the diagnostic imaging, bile sediments were present in 85.7% (12/14) of infected cats in their gallbladders. Since the number of bile-derived P. fastosum eggs were significantly higher than that from fecal samples (p=0.001), …

Fabrication Of Three-Dimensional (3-D) Corneal Transplantable Model From Silk Fibroin/Gelatin-Based Biomaterial, Chutirat Torsahakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Canine corneal blindness is a common cause of vision loss and visual impairment worldwide. While the demand of canine corneal graft is continuously elevated, the clinical useable grafts are limited to acellular biomaterials and allograft. This study aimed to generate the tissue-engineered canine cornea in the part of corneal epithelium and underlying stroma based on cLESCs (canine limbal epithelial stem cells) seeded silk fibroin and gelatin (SF/G) film and cCSSCs (canine corneal stromal stem cells) seeded SF/G scaffold respectively. Both cell types were successfully isolated by collagenase I. SF/G films and scaffolds served as the prospective substrates for cLESCs and …

Microbiological Quality Of And Antimicrobial Resistance In Commercial Probiotic Products For Food Animals In Thailand, Hoang My Tran

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

A total of 45 commercial probiotic products for food animals were investigated for the number of viable cells, bacterial species and the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. All products were enumerated for viable bacterial cells of Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Enterococcus. Confirmation of species was carried out by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for Lactobacillus (n=20), Enterococcus (n=20), and Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) for Bacillus (n=190). The presence of Clostridium species was examined by PCR. The contamination of E. coli and Salmonella was also determined. Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) for 14 antimicrobials was examined in the bacterial isolates …

Localization Of Tilapia Tilapinevirus By In Situ Hybridization In The Brain Of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus), Hung Dinh Nguyen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Tilapia tilapinevirus or tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging virus that poses a significant negative impact on farmed tilapia globally. Abnormal behaviours such as lethargy, loss of appetite, erratic swimming, stop schooling have been recorded during disease occurrence, which is possibly linked to brain activities. Previous studies described detection of the virus in multiple organs of infected fish; however, little is known about the in-depth localization of the virus in the central nervous system. Herein, we determined the distribution of TiLV and histopathological alterations in the entire brain of Nile tilapia experimentally infected fish. By in situ hybridization (ISH) …

Detection Of Indicator And Pathogenic Bacteria In Raw Vegetables And Fruits Sold In Fresh Markets And Supermarkets, Bangkok, Thailand, Jutanat Srisamran

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study aimed to compare the concentrations of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli, and the contamination of Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli O157: H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in raw vegetables and fruits between fresh markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 405 produce samples, consisting of sweet basil, spring onion, coriander, cabbage, lettuce, cucumber and tomato, were randomly collected from seven fresh markets (n=203) and 29 supermarkets (n=202) in seven districts of Bangkok between June 2018 and July 2019. T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the concentrations of fecal coliforms and E. coli (log10MPN/g) between fresh markets …

Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics And Dosing Regimen Of Long-Acting Oxytetracycline In Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus), Kananuch Vasuntrarak

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious global problem and is steadily increasing worldwide. In aquaculture, there are limited antimicrobial options for treatment. Thus, there are growing needs for more specific dosing regimens of existing antimicrobial drugs that are not only to obtain therapeutic efficacy but also to minimize the resistance of pathogens. The purposes of this study were to determine pharmacokinetics (PK) of long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) after intraperitoneal (IP) administration in Nile tilapia. One hundred and twenty healthy male tilapia (450±37.47 g) were divided into two experimental groups (60 fish/group). Each group received OTC-LA single IP injection at dosage of …

A Study Of Using Corncob, Aspen Shaving, Dried Water Hyacinth And Banana Midrib As Bedding For Laboratory Mice, Nantaporn Maytayapirom

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

A study of using corncob, aspen shaving, dried water hyacinth and banana midrib as bedding for laboratory mice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics (i.e., absorbency and surface moisture), the physiological effects and intracage ammonia level of 4 types of beddings in laboratory mice. This study was divided into two parts. In the first part, the fluid absorption properties of these four beddings were studied using measurement of liquid absorption and the surface moisture. The results showed that the volumetric absorbency of aspen shaving was significantly higher than other beddings. While, the surface moisture showed …

The Study Of Changes In Gene Regulation Of Serotonin Signaling Pathway And Circulating Serotonin Concentration In Dogs With Pulmonary Hypertension Due To Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease, Nattawan Tangmahakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an abnormal increase in pulmonary vascular pressure. In dogs, PH is commonly found secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD), especially in small breed dogs. Serotonin, a biogenic amine playing an essential role in both physiology and abnormalities of several organs, is a vasoactive substance that has been one of the suspicious mediators for the development of PH. Both local and circulating effects of serotonin have been investigated to discover the involvement of serotonin and the pathogenesis of PH in both humans and animals. The present study aimed to investigate the local serotonin signaling in lung …

Targeted Surveillance Of Potential Zoonotic Respiratory And Enteric Viruses In Dogs In Bangkok, Thailand, Kamonpan Charoenkul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Human-dog interface poses a risk of transmission and spread of zoonotic viruses. The objective of the thesis entitled is to survey and genetic characterize zoonotic viruses in dogs and humans who have high-risk occupations and in close contact with dogs. This thesis contains 8 topics. The results of the first to third topics were the surveillance of respiratory viruses in dogs including Canine Parainfluenza type 5 (CPIV-5), Canine influenza virus (CIV) and Coronavirus (CoV). The nasal swab samples were collected from dogs with respiratory signs during 2015-2018. The results showed that the occurrence of CPIV-5, CIV and CoV were 5.6% …

Comparison Of Laser Class 1m And Class 4 Applications In Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture Evaluated By Clinical Outcomes And Ultrasonography, Noppakrit Ekakaraworapong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Nineteen dogs diagnosed of cranial cruciate ligament rupture were included in this study before TPLO was performed. They were classified into 3 groups which consisted of control, low-level laser therapy class 1M and low-level laser therapy class 4 groups. The number of each group were 4, 8 and 7 dogs, respectively, and the duration of treatment protocol was 4 weeks consecutively. On the first day of the study, dogs were examined and assessed of the clinical signs such as lameness score, synovial fluid analysis, canine brief pain inventory questionnaire (CBPI) and ultrasonographic score. In ultrasonographic monitoring, ultrasonographic scores on synovial …

Surveillance Of Coronaviruses In Fruit Bats (Pteropus Lylei) Of Thailand, Pichamon Moolthep

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Coronavirus (CoV) is an enveloped single positive-stranded RNA virus CoV can cause enteric and respiratory diseases in mammals, avian and human. Bats are the natural reservoir of CoVs and distribute all over Thailand. Sample collection was performed in two bat colonies in Ayutthaya and Saraburi provinces during March 2018 - February 2019. Total 1,487 samples were collected from 730 bats. The bat species identification via morphological measurement and cytochrome B detection showed that bats in both colonies are Lyle's flying fox (Pteropus lylei). The results of CoV detection showed that 4.30% of samples were positive to CoV. Phylogenetic analysis showed …

Effects Of Algae-Derived Ss-Glucan Supplementation On Production Performances And Specific Immune Responses In Nursery To Growing Pigs, Sh.Boonnithi Chuaychu

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

เบต้ากลูแคนเป็นสารเสริมในอาหารสัตว์ที่มีการใช้กันอย่างแพร่หลายในอุตสาหกรรมการเลี้ยงสุกร ถึงแม้ว่าการเสริมสารเบต้ากลูแคนในสูตรอาหารสุกร จะเชื่อว่าสามารถช่วยพัฒนาการเจริญเติบโตและปรับการทำงานของภูมิคุ้มกันในสุกรได้ แต่อย่างไรก็ตาม ในปัจจุบันยังไม่มีข้อมูลการศึกษาที่ชัดเจนเกี่ยวกับผลของการเสริมเบต้ากลูแคนที่สกัดมาจากสาหร่ายต่ออัตราการเจริญเติบโตและการตอบสนองทางภูมิคุ้มกันโดยเฉพาะระบบภูมิคุ้มกันแบบจำเพาะในสุกร ดังนั้นการศึกษานี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อประเมินผลของการใช้สารเสริมเบต้ากลูแคนจากสาหร่ายในอาหารสุกรต่อประสิทธิภาพการเจริญเติบโตและการตอบสนองทางภูมิคุ้มกันแบบจำเพาะในสุกรอนุบาลและสุกรขุนเล็ก โดยแบ่งสุกรหย่านมสามสายพันธุ์เป็น 3 กลุ่มการทดลอง ได้แก่ กลุ่มควบคุมที่ได้รับอาหารสูตรมาตรฐาน กลุ่มทดลองที่ 2 และ 3 ได้รับอาหารชนิดเดียวกันที่เสริมด้วยสารเสริมเบต้ากลูแคนจากสาหร่ายในปริมาณ 100 และ 200 กรัมต่อตันตามลำดับ จากการทดลอง ไม่พบความแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญของประสิทธิภาพการผลิตและอัตราการเจริญเติบโตของสุกรสุกร การทดสอบการตอบสนองของระบบภูมิคุ้มกันที่จำเพาะหลังการฉีดวัคซีน CSFV และ PRRSV พบว่าสุกรที่ได้รับสารเสริมเบต้ากลูแคนจากสาหร่ายในอาหาร มีระดับ neutralizing antibody ต่อ CSFV สูงขึ้นอย่างมีนัยยะสำคัญ นอกจากนี้ พบการเพิ่มขึ้นของจำนวนเซลล์ CD4+(T lymphocytes) และ CD4+CD8+ (putative memory T lymphocytes) ซึ่งสร้างไซโตคายน์ IFN-g+ ที่มีความจำเพาะต่อ CSFV และ PRRSV ในกลุ่มสุกรที่ได้รับสารเสริมเบต้ากลูแคนจากสาหร่ายอีกด้วย จากการศึกษาสรุปได้ว่า ถึงแม้ว่าการให้สารเสริมเบต้ากลูแคนจะไม่สามารถเสริมสมรรถภาพการผลิตของสุกรได้ แต่มีคุณสมบัติทางชีวภาพในการเป็นสารกระตุ้นภูมิคุ้มกันซึ่งอาจเป็นการเพิ่มความต้านทานโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสในสุกรอนุบาลและสุกรขุนเล็กได้

Development Of Conventional And Taqman Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods For Detection Of Liver Fluke Infection With Platynosomum Spp. In Cat Feces, Shane Thiha Soe

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The Platynosomum spp. fluke is the etiologic agent of platynosomiasis responsible for hepatobiliary diseases in cats. Coprological examination using centrifugal sedimentation technique is the gold standard method for detection of Platynosomum spp.'s eggs. However, microscopic examination method has a limited sensitivity, particularly in cases of complete biliary obstruction and inconsistent egg shedding. To circumvent these problems, this study aims to develop molecular-based methods for detecting Platynosomum spp. infection in cat feces including conventional PCR (cPCR) and TaqMan real-time PCR methods targeting ITS1 region. From a total number of 120 cat fecal samples, when compared to microscopic examination, the cPCR method …

Surveillance And Histopathological Study Of Microplastics In Marine Fish From The Gulf Of Thailand, Sirawich Srisiri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Microplastic (MP) problems have been threatened aquatic environment worldwide for decades. This study demonstrated current MP contamination characteristics in marine food fishes from the upper Gulf of Thailand. MPs were found in gastrointestinal tracts of 46.86% of fish samples, which were 1.556±0.47 pieces per fish or 0.035±0.014 pieces per gram of fish bodyweight. No plastics were detected from muscle, liver, kidney or gonad of the fishes. There was a significant relationship between MP contamination and fish species or the fish grouping. Benthic fish had a higher contamination rate than pelagic fish. Fiber-type and blue color were the most abundant MPs …

The Effect Of Maternally-Derived Antibodies Against Antibody Production In Vaccinated Piglets With Modified-Live Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccines, Sunit Mebumroong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The humoral antibody responses following vaccination with different lineage of modified live genotype 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines (MLVs) were investigated. Moreover, the mortality and growth performance in pigs were observed. Twenty-four pigs with high maternally derived antibody (MDA) levels (SN titer ≥ 8) from each PRRSV positive Herd 1 and Herd 2 were allocated to the H1, H1-1, and H1-2 groups (Herd 1) and H2, H2-1, and H2-2 groups (Herd 2). Twenty-four pigs with low MDA levels (SN titer <8) were allocated to the L1, L1-1, and L1-2 (Herd 1) and L2, L2-1, and L2-2 groups (Herd 2). Twenty-four pigs from the negative herd (Herd 3) were allocated to 3 groups: N, N-1, and N-2 groups. The H1, H2, L1, L2, and N groups were unvaccinated. The H1-1, H2-1, L1-1, L2-1, and N-1 groups were vaccinated with MLV (Ingelvac® PRRS MLV) at 2 weeks of age. The 5 other groups: H1-2, H2-2, L1-2, L2-2, and N-2 groups were vaccinated with MLV2 (Prime Pac® PRRS MLV) at 2 week of age. The antibody responses were measured by ELISA and serum neutralization (SN). The mortality was not observed in all vaccinated groups. Additionally, pigs with high MDA levels from the H1 and H2 groups did not exhibit the mortality throughout the study. ADG in pigs vaccinated with each MLV1 and MLV2 was significant higher than that in unvaccinated pigs. However, pigs vaccinated with MLV2 showed the highest values of ADG. Seroconversion was observed in all vaccinated groups with no significance difference in antibody titers between pigs with low and high MDA levels. However, pigs with low MDA levels showed the earliest and highest antibody level post vaccination. The highest SN-titer against MLV1 isolate and MLV2 isolate was observed in pig from the L1-1 and L2-2 groups, respectively. The field PRRSV-2 isolates: THA_SP/RB_S1/P1/0120-18 and THA_WC/RB_F165/20-22, the SN titers against these isolates were not observed in vaccinated groups. These results indicated that MDAs might not affect the immune response post vaccination. PRRSV-2 MLVs reduced the mortality and improved growth performance of pigs in the endemically PRRSV infected herds. Although, the vaccine was changed in weaning pigs, the antibody responses were detected post vaccination in both pigs with low and high level of MDAs. Moreover, the genetic similarity between vaccine and field virus was not related to the protection. Vaccine selection should depend on the induction of immune response and protection against heterologous PRRSV infection.

Bacteriophage And Ozone-Nanobubble Based Approaches For Combating Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonas Hydrophila In Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Culture System, Thanh Dien Le

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Aeromonas hydrophila infection is considered one of the most important bacterial diseases responsible for the loss of millions of dollars in the global freshwater aquaculture industry. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. hydrophila is becoming a global issue of concern. Non-antibiotic approaches can minimize the requirement for antimicrobials to combat infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to investigate the potential application of lytic bacteriophage, ozone nanobubbles (NB-O3), a potential combination of bacteriophage and nanobubble-based technology in combatting MDR A. hydrophila in Nile tilapia. A newly Myoviridae phage pAh6.2TG was isolated, identified, and characterized in this study. The application of this phage …

Antimicrobial Resistance In Salmonella Enterica Isolated From Dogs And Cats In Northern And Northeastern Thailand, Thanich Chantharothaiphaichit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is One Health issue involved in humans, animals and environment and a unified One Health approach is required to contain this problematic issue. However, data on AMR in companion animals is limited. Dogs and cats are popular pet animals and are known to carry many bacterial pathogens that are of public health importance, including Salmonella. This study aimed to identify serovars of Salmonella and phenotypically and genetically characterize AMR in Salmonella isolated from dogs and cats in Northern and Northeastern Thailand. A total of 178 S. enterica isolates from dogs (n= 159) and cats (n= 19) collected …

Relationship Between Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 And Semen Quality In Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus), Yuqing Yang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Evidence has been increasingly suggested that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is related to steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. This may be conducive to find the causes of poor sperm quality in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). The present study aimed to investigate whether correlations among serum IGF-1 concentration, serum testosterone level and semen variables exist in elephants. A total of 17 ejaculates (1–3 ejaculates/bull) were collected by performing transrectal massage. Before each ejaculate, blood samples were obtained (n = 17). Subsequently, semen characteristics of each ejaculate were evaluated. Assessments of precision (calculations of the intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation, CV) and accuracy …

แนวโน้มทางพันธุกรรมของระยะเวลาอุ้มท้องและความสัมพันธ์ของระยะเวลาอุ้มท้องกับลักษณะทางการสืบพันธุ์ในแม่สุกร, ระวิวรรณ บำเพ็ญกุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ข้อมูลสุกรพันธุ์แท้แลนด์เรซ (Landrace, LR) ลาร์จไวท์ (Large White, LW) ดูรอค (Duroc, DR) และข้อมูลสุกรลูกผสมที่มาจากฟาร์มสุกรเชิงพาณิชย์ จำนวน 158,313 บันทึก เป็นข้อมูลของแม่สุกรที่คลอดในปี 2549 ถึง 2562 ถูกนำมาวิเคราะห์อิทธิพลของปัจจัยคงที่ด้วยวิธี GLM ในโปรแกรม SAS และประมาณค่าองค์ประกอบความแปรปรวนด้วยวิธี average information restricted maximum likelihood (AI - REML) ผลการศึกษาพบว่า พันธุ์สุกรและลำดับอุ้มท้องมีอิทธิพลต่อทุกลักษณะที่ทำการศึกษาอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P < 0.05) ฝูง - ปี - เดือนที่ผสมพันธุ์มีอิทธิพลต่อระยะเวลาอุ้มท้องของแม่สุกร (gestation length, GL) และจำนวนลูกสุกรแรกเกิดทั้งหมด (total number of piglets born, TB) อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P < 0.05) ฝูง - ปี - เดือนที่แม่สุกรคลอดลูกมีอิทธิพลต่อจำนวนลูกสุกรเกิดมีชีวิต (number of piglets born alive, BA) จำนวนลูกสุกรตายแรกเกิด (number of stillborn piglets, SB) และน้ำหนักแรกเกิดเฉลี่ยของลูกสุกร (average birth weight, BW) อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P < 0.05) ค่าอัตราพันธุกรรมของ GL TB BA SB และ BW มีค่าเท่ากับ 0.20 ± 0.00, 0.10 ± 0.00, 0.09 ± 0.00, 0.03 ± 0.00 และ 0.12 ± 0.01 ตามลำดับ ค่าสหสัมพันธ์ทางพันธุกรรมระหว่าง GL กับ TB และ GL กับ BA มีค่าใกล้ศูนย์ (P < 0.05) ไม่พบความสัมพันธ์ทางพันธุกรรมระหว่าง GL กับ SB และ GL กับ BW (P > 0.05) ค่าสหสัมพันธ์ทางพันธุกรรมระหว่าง TB กับ BA มีค่าเท่ากับ 0.99 ± 0.00 ค่าสหสัมพันธ์ทางพันธุกรรมระหว่าง TB กับ SB และ BA กับ SB มีค่าเท่ากับ 0.49 ± 0.05 และ 0.40 ± 0.05 ตามลำดับ และค่าสหสัมพันธ์ทางพันธุกรรมระหว่าง TB กับ BW และ BA กับ BW มีค่าเท่ากับ -0.56 ± 0.03 และ -0.59 ± 0.02 ตามลำดับ แนวโน้มทางพันธุกรรมของ GL มีค่าเพิ่มขึ้น 0.02 ± 0.01 และ 0.03 ± 0.01 วันต่อปี ในสุกรพันธุ์ LR และ LW ตามลำดับ และมีค่าลดลงเท่ากับ -0.02 ± 0.01 วันต่อปี ในสุกรพันธุ์ 50LW …

Evaluation Of Rhodococcus Equi Susceptibility To Silver Nanoparticle Antimicrobials, Elizabeth Boudaher

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Rhodococcus equi is a significant cause of pneumonia in foals and immunocompromised humans. Antimicrobial resistance among R. equi isolates has developed as a consequence of inappropriate stewardship and bacterial evolution, leading to an increased rate of treatment failures that typically result in foal fatality. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial silver nanoparticle (AgNP) complexes in controlling R. equi growth. Previous studies characterizing AgNP-induced antibacterial effects in other Gram-positive pathogens led us to hypothesize that silver nanoparticle antimicrobials impact R. equi viability and intracellular replication. We therefore investigated the effect of silver nanoparticle complexes on R. equi …

Examining Traumatic Bone Fracture Healing Versus Surgical Osteotomies In Canines And Resulting Rates Of Infection, Grace Gsellman

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The development of osteomyelitis after surgical osteotomies and fracture repair in canines can propose serious health risks, ultimately leading to additional intervention from veterinarians that can become costly for pet owners and effect prognosis for the patient. Preventive measures are currently implemented during surgery and postoperatively. However, infection rates still range from 3.0% to 7.9% (Clark et al., 2018). By examining traumatic bone fracture healing versus surgical osteotomies in canines through the collection of both clinical and radiographic medical records, our primary objective was to further understand the physiological mechanism by which osteomyelitis develops. Limitations related to the collection of …