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Associations Between Variations In Breast Anatomy And Early Breastfeeding Challenges, Alison K. Ventura, Brittany Lore, Olga Mireles
Associations Between Variations In Breast Anatomy And Early Breastfeeding Challenges, Alison K. Ventura, Brittany Lore, Olga Mireles
Kinesiology and Public Health
Background: Mothers with anatomic variability (e.g., shorter, wider nipples; denser areolas) may experience breastfeeding challenges disproportionately.
Research aim: To examine whether variations in breast anatomy are associated with risk for early breastfeeding challenges.
Methods: Participants included mothers < 6 weeks postpartum. Nipple base width, nipple length, and areolar density were measured on the right and left breast separately. Experiences with early breastfeeding challenges were determined through a combination of maternal report and clinical assessment.
Results: Participants (N = 119) had an average nipple diameter of 23.4 (SD = 3.0) mm for left nipples and 23.5 (SD = 3.0) mm for right nipples (range = 10–34 mm). Average nipple length was 8.5 (SD = 3.2) mm for left breasts and 9.1 (SD = 3.2) mm for right breasts (range = 5–20 mm); 35% of participants had dense areolas …
A Qualitative Study Of Breastfeeding And Formula-Feeding Mothers’ Perceptions Of And Experiences In Wic, Rebeca Almeida, Shawnee Alvarez Gutierrez, Shannon E. Whaley, Alison K. Ventura
A Qualitative Study Of Breastfeeding And Formula-Feeding Mothers’ Perceptions Of And Experiences In Wic, Rebeca Almeida, Shawnee Alvarez Gutierrez, Shannon E. Whaley, Alison K. Ventura
Kinesiology and Public Health
Objective: To explore Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participants’ perspectives about why formula-fed infants are less likely to be recertified at 1 year compared with breastfed infants.
Design: Four focus groups of WIC mothers, stratified by language spoken (English or Spanish) and feeding mode (breastfeeding [BF] or formula-feeding [FF]).
Setting: Two WIC sites within Los Angeles County, CA.
Participants: Mothers of 6- to 12-month-old infants (n = 31) in the WIC program.
Phenomenon of Interest: Mothers’ perceptions of (1) how WIC supports BF and FF mothers; and (2) experiences of FF mothers in WIC, with …