Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Fabrication And Imaging Characterization Of Poly (Dimethyl Siloxane)/Sic Nano-Fillers Samples As Model Biomaterials, Tetiana Soloviova, Viorica Gutu, Zoya Vinokur, Akm S. Rahman, Subhendra Sarkar

Publications and Research

Biopolymers are being developed with embedded nanostructures for in vivo drug delivery to treat various diseases including cancers. In the current project we developed fabrication steps to prepare two biopolymers, poly di-methoxy siloxane (PDMS) with 0-0.9 vol% of SiC nano whisker (fillers) followed by non- destructive characterization. Optical reflection microscopy (5-100X) was performed to ensure loading and distribution of increasing SiC content. Optical microscopy showed progressively higher SiC distribution as filler loading was increased from 0-0.9 vol%. X-ray imaging at low kV (kilovoltage) and low mAs (milliamperage per second) were optimized to allow distinction between filled PDMS with SiC concentration …

Full Recovery From Cocaine-Induced Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Emphasizing The Role Of Neuroinflammation And Brain Edema, Edward C. Mader Jr., Alexander B. Ramos, Roberto A. Cruz, Lionel A. Branch

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Toxic leukoencephalopathy (TL) is characterized by white matter disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evidence of exposure to a neurotoxic agent. We describe a case of cocaine-induced TL in which extensive white matter disease did not preclude full recovery. A 57-year-old man with substance abuse disorder presented with a 5-day history of strange behavior. On admission, he was alert but had difficulty concentrating, psychomotor retardation, and diffuse hyperreflexia. Brain MRI revealed confluent subcortical white matter hyperintensities with restricted diffusion in some but not in other areas. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed mild diffuse slowing. Blood tests were normal except for mild …

The Role Of Diffusion-Weighted Mri On The Differentiation Of Complex Adnexal Masses, El-Sayed M. El-Sayed, Hamed G. Ali, Mohmad S. Abdullah

Menoufia Medical Journal

Background Conventional MRI has an established role in gynecologic imaging. However, increasing clinical demand for improved lesion characterization and disease mapping to optimize patient management has resulted in the incorporation of newer sequences, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), into routine protocols for pelvic MRI. DWI provides functional information on the microenvironment of water in tissues, hence augmenting the morphologic information derived from conventional MRIs. Objective The objective of this study was to highlight the role of DWI in differentiating benign from malignant complex adnexal masses. Patients and methods Twenty-five patients with adnexal masses underwent conventional MRI and DWI and the …

Differentiating The Substantia Nigra And Ventral Tegmental Area In Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease Using Iron Imaging, Erind Alushaj

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Excessive midbrain iron accumulation in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) contributes to degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Despite this understanding, there are no validated PD biomarkers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can localize and quantify brain iron for diagnosis of PD. Seventeen early-stage PD patients and twenty-one controls were scanned at 3T and 7T MRI. Using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and R2* relaxometry, we analyzed the average iron content in the SNc, substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and VTA. QSM detected significantly higher SNc iron content in PD patients compared to controls at both …

Neoadjuvant Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy To Treat Early Stage Breast Cancer Patients: The Role Of Dce-Mri, Matthew Mouawad

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The current standard of breast conserving therapy is lumpectomy followed by whole breast radiotherapy which is prohibitively long for many patients (4-6 weeks). In addition, the need for treating the whole breast has been questioned. The London Regional Cancer Program is enrolling early stage breast cancer patients in a prospective Phase I/II clinical trial (SIGNAL) to assess the safety/efficacy of neoadjuvant stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) to the tumour alone to reduce treatment times. This provides a unique opportunity to assess tumour response to SABR using non-invasive imaging. Patients received a pre-SABR dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI to guide target volume delineation. A …

Limbic-Predominant Age-Related Tdp-43 Encephalopathy (Late): Consensus Working Group Report, Peter T. Nelson, Dennis W. Dickson, John Q. Trojanowski, Clifford R. Jack, Patricia A. Boyle, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Rosa Rademakers, Irina Alafuzoff, Johannes Attems, Carol Brayne, Ian T. S. Coyle-Gilchrist, Helena C. Chui, David W. Fardo, Margaret E. Flanagan, Glenda Halliday, Suvi R. K. Hokkanen, Sally Hunter, Gregory A. Jicha, Yuriko Katsumata, Claudia H. Kawas, C. Dirk Keene, Gabor G. Kovacs, Walter A. Kukull, Allan I. Levey, Nazanin Makkinejad, Thomas J. Montine, Shigeo Murayama, Melissa E. Murray, Sukriti Nag, Robert A. Rissman, William W. Seeley, Reisa A. Sperling, Charles L. White Iii, Lei Yu, Julie A. Schneider

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

We describe a recently recognized disease entity, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). LATE neuropathological change (LATE-NC) is defined by a stereotypical TDP-43 proteinopathy in older adults, with or without coexisting hippocampal sclerosis pathology. LATE-NC is a common TDP-43 proteinopathy, associated with an amnestic dementia syndrome that mimicked Alzheimer’s-type dementia in retrospective autopsy studies. LATE is distinguished from frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology based on its epidemiology (LATE generally affects older subjects), and relatively restricted neuroanatomical distribution of TDP-43 proteinopathy. In community-based autopsy cohorts, ∼25% of brains had sufficient burden of LATE-NC to be associated with discernible cognitive impairment. Many …

A Multimodal Approach To Investigate Brain Reorganization After Spinal Cord Injury Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Keerthana Deepti Karunakaran

Dissertations

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) results in structural and functional neurological changes at both the brain and the level of the spinal cord. Anatomical studies indicate decreased grey matter volume in sensorimotor and non-sensorimotor regions of the cortex following SCI; whereas, neurophysiological findings mostly report altered functional activity in the sensorimotor nodes of the cortex, subcortex, and cerebellum. Therefore, it is currently unknown whether tissue atrophy observed in non-motor related areas has any concomitant functional consequences. Furthermore, the neural underpinnings of adaptive neuroplasticity after SCI is not well-defined in the current literature. Hence, this dissertation is a pioneer study investigating …

Identifying Neuroimaging And Genetic Correlates Of Delusions And Hallucinations In Alzheimer’S Disease, Juweiriya Ahmed

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The co-occurrence of psychotic symptoms and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating phenotype that affects around 50% of individuals with AD. We hypothesized that distinct interactions between brain structures and genetic variants in dopaminergic, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems may be associated with the presence of hallucinations and delusions in AD. Using the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we identified participants that presented with symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, or both symptoms. PLS-CA was used to identify differences in patterns of interactions between 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 82 neuroanatomical regions of interest between AD patients endorsing symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and …

Kounis Syndrome: A Simple Mri With Contrast Turned Into A Life Threatening Condition, Ahmed Amro, Kanaan Mansoor, Mohammad Amro, Amal Sobeih, Mehiar El-Hamdani

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Kounis syndrome [KS] is a hypersensitivity coronary disorder induced by various allergens. It is a rare condition which has been reported in every age group (2-90 years), every race and geographic location, its incidence has been reported to range from 7.9 to 19.4 per 100,000. The presentation of the detrimental effects of KS on coronary arteries ranges from vasospastic angina to allergic myocardial infarction.

Drugs are the major iatrogenic cause of KS, but virtually everything in the environment around us can cause KS. In recent years contrast mediums used in the radiologic investigation have come forth as a leading cause …

The Effect Of Glucosamine, Chondroitin And Harpagophytum Procumbens On Femoral Hyaline Cartilage Thickness In Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis– An Mri Versus Ultrasonography Study, Florentin Ananu Vreju, Paulina Lucia Ciurea, Anca Rosu, Beatrice Andreea Chisalau, Cristina Dorina Parvanescu, Sineta Cristina Firulescu, Adina Turcu Stiolica, Andreea Lili Barbulescu, Stefan Cristian Dinescu, Cristiana Iulia Dumitrescu, Roxana Mihaela Dumitrascu, Cristina Criveanu, Lucretiu Radu, Mihai Tusaliu, Daniela Dumitrescu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Background: the evaluation of cartilage thickness has become possible with new techniques such as musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imagining (MRI), making the evaluation of the treatment response and the progression of the disease more accurate. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of a Symptomatic Slow Acting Drug for Osteoarthritis using both US and MRI for measuring cartilage thickness at baseline and after 1 year. Methods: The study included the clinical evaluation of 20 patients at baseline, at 6 and 12 months as well as imaging exams (US and MRI) at baseline and after 1 year. Measurements …

Brain Image Clustering By Wavelet Energy And Cbsso Optimization Algorithm, Hasan Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad Sedaghat

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Previously, the diagnosis of brain abnormality was significantly important in the saving of social and hospital resources. Wavelet energy is known as an effective feature detection which has great efficiency in different utilities. This paper suggests a new method based on wavelet energy to automatically classify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain images into two groups (normal and abnormal), utilizing support vector machine (SVM) classification based on chaotic binary shark smell optimization (CBSSO) to optimize the SVM weights.

The results of the suggested CBSSO-based KSVM are compared favorably to several other methods in terms of better sensitivity and authenticity. The proposed …

The Role Of Mri In The Differentiation Between Benign And Malignant Ovarian Lesions, Adel M. El-Wekil, Mohammad S. Abdullah, Sara S. El-Kholy

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective To determine whether conventional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) could help accurately in distinguishing benign from malignant adnexal masses. Background Characterization of ovarian lesions is of great importance in order to plan adequate therapeutic procedures. Ovarian neoplasms may be benign, borderline, or malignant. Using an imaging-guided approach based on their morphological appearance, we classified adnexal masses into three main groups: cystic, solid and complex cystic and solid. We also used DWI as an advanced magnetic resonance technique to achieve more accuracy of diagnosis. Materials and methods Thirty patients with initial undetermined ovarian lesions underwent pelvic MRI on 1.5-T magnet …

Predicting Alzheimer’S Disease Progression Using Multi-Modal Deep Learning Approach, Garam Lee, Kwangsik Nho, Byungkon Kang, Kyung-Ah Sohn, Dokyoon Kim, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by a decline in cognitive functions with no validated disease modifying treatment. It is critical for timely treatment to detect AD in its earlier stage before clinical manifestation. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between cognitively normal older adults and AD. To predict conversion from MCI to probable AD, we applied a deep learning approach, multimodal recurrent neural network. We developed an integrative framework that combines not only cross-sectional neuroimaging biomarkers at baseline but also longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cognitive performance biomarkers obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging …

Li-Rads: A Conceptual And Historical Review From Its Beginning To Its Recent Integration Into Aasld Clinical Practice Guidance, Khaled M. Elsayes, Ania Z. Kielar, Victoria Chernyak, Ali Morshid, Alessandro Furlan, William R. Masch, Robert M. Marks, Aya Kamaya, Richard K. G. Do, Yuko Kono, Kathryn J. Fowler, An Tang, Mustafa R. Bashir, Elizabeth M. Hecht, Kedar Jambhekar, Andrej Lyshchik, Shuchi K. Rodgers, Jay P. Heiken, Marc Kohli, David T. Fetzer, Stephanie R. Wilson, Zahra Kassam, Mishal Mendiratta-Lala, Amit G. Singal, Christopher S. Lim, Irene Cruite, James Lee, Ryan Ash, Donald G. Mitchell, Matthew D. F. Mcinnes

Radiology Faculty Publications

The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS^®) is a comprehensive system for standardizing the terminology, technique, interpretation, reporting, and data collection of liver observations in individuals at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LI-RADS is supported and endorsed by the American College of Radiology (ACR). Upon its initial release in 2011, LI-RADS applied only to liver observations identified at CT or MRI. It has since been refined and expanded over multiple updates to now also address ultrasound-based surveillance, contrast-enhanced ultrasound for HCC diagnosis, and CT/MRI for assessing treatment response after locoregional therapy. The LI-RADS 2018 version was …

Calcium Channel Blockade With Nimodipine Reverses Mri Evidence Of Cerebral Oedema Following Acute Hypoxia, Matthew J. Rowland, Martyn Ezra, Anderson M. Winkler, Payashi Garry, Catherine Lamb, Michael Kelly, Thomas W. Okell, Jon Westbrook, Richard G. Wise, Gwenaëlle Douaud

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Acute cerebral hypoxia causes rapid calcium shifts leading to neuronal damage and death. Calcium channel antagonists improve outcomes in some clinical conditions, but mechanisms remain unclear. In 18 healthy participants we: (i) quantified with multiparametric MRI the effect of hypoxia on the thalamus, a region particularly sensitive to hypoxia, and on the whole brain in general; (ii) investigated how calcium channel antagonism with the drug nimodipine affects the brain response to hypoxia. Hypoxia resulted in a significant decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), a measure particularly sensitive to cell swelling, in a widespread network of regions across the brain, and …

The Risk Of New-Onset Epilepsy And Refractory Epilepsy In Older Adult Stroke Survivors, Jorge G. Burneo, Tresah C. Antaya, Britney N. Allen, Andrea Belisle, Salimah Z. Shariff, Gustavo Saposnik

Neuroepidemiology Research Unit Project Summaries

Research Summary: Key Findings

• Stroke is a common cause of epilepsy in older adults, but little is known about stroke-related epilepsy or its outcomes in this population.
• 1.1% of older adult stroke survivors developed epilepsy in this study, of whom 12.9% developed refractory epilepsy, indicating that this population is particularly responsive to treatment.
• Over 85% of deaths in this population are not due to stroke or epilepsy.

Assessment Of Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (Pcasl) Inter-Session Reliability In The Quantification Of Cerebral Perfusion, Mohammad Ahmad Awad

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique used for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) in a completely non-ionizing and non invasive fashion. ASL is useful in perfusion studies on healthy adult & pediatric subjects, individuals who need multiple follow-ups, and patients with varying cerebrovascular diseases where changes in CBF can be used as an indicator of tissue viability. We used a variation of the ASL technique known as pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL). This form of ASL is the clinical standard (Alsop et al., 2015). However, it is not well documented the that pCASL is reliable between sessions …