Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Impact Of Technology On Improving Hiv And Tuberculosis Health Outcomes Among African Countries, Sunny Ibeneme

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

This study used health analytics approach to evaluate the association between population health outcomes and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures at a country level. This study used aggregate data obtained from the World Bank database, and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) database for 53 African countries for the periods 2000 to 2016, and quantitatively explored the impact of ICT infrastructures’ diffusion on population health outcomes.

ICT data was obtained from the ITU database. Similarly, population health attributes were retrieved from the World Bank database. ICT infrastructure variables used in this study include: internet access, mobile phone use, and fixed …

Diabetes Screen During Tuberculosis Contact Investigations Highlights Opportunity For New Diabetes Diagnosis And Reveals Metabolic Differences Between Ethnic Groups, Blanca I. Restrepo, Léanie Kleynhans, Alejandra B. Salinas, Bassent Abdelbary, Happy Tshivhula, Genesis P. Aguillón-Durán, Carine Kunsevi-Kilola, Gloria Salinas, Kim Stanley, Juan C. Lopez-Alvarenga

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), but most studies on TB-T2D have focused on TB patients, been limited to one community, and shown a variable impact of T2D on TB risk or treatment outcomes. We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of sociodemographic and metabolic factors in adult TB contacts with T2D (versus no T2D), from the Texas-Mexico border to study Hispanics, and in Cape Town to study South African Coloured ethnicities. The prevalence of T2D was 30.2% in Texas-Mexico and 17.4% in South Africa, with new diagnosis in 34.4% and 43.9%, respectively. Contacts with T2D …

Tuberculous Granuloma On Bone Marrow Trephine, Farheen Karim, Hira Qadir

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Bone marrow examination is a useful tool for diagnosis of many diseases. The utility of bone marrow examination in workup of pyrexia of unknown origin cannot be undermined. Bone trephine of patients presenting with pyrexia of unknown origin must be carefully looked upon for granulomas for evaluation of tuberculosis. In this case, bone marrow trephine aided in timely diagnosis of tuberculosis in a patient.

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Inhibitors: Action And Resistance, Pamela K. Garcia-Moreno

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has been a global health problem for years. The emergence of drug resistance in this organism generates the necessity of exploring novel targets and developing new drugs. Topoisomerases are enzymes found in all kingdoms of life responsible for overcoming the topological barriers encountered during essential cellular processes. The genomes of mycobacteria encode only one type IA topoisomerase (MtopI), which has been validated as a novel TB drug target. The goal of this study is to obtain new information on the mechanism and resistance of endogenous and synthetic inhibitors of MtopI.

Rv1495 is …

Spatial And Temporal Clustering Analysis Of Tuberculosis In The Mainland Of China At The Prefecture Level, 2005-2015, Meng-Yang Liu, Qi-Huan Li, Ying-Jie Zhang, Yuan Ma, Yue Liu, Wei Feng, Cheng-Bei Hou, Endawoke Amsalu, Xia Li, Wei Wang, Wei-Min Li, Xiu-Hua Guo

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the most serious infectious diseases in the mainland of China. So it was urgent for the formulation of more effective measures to prevent and control it.

METHODS: The data of reported TB cases in 340 prefectures from the mainland of China were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP) during January 2005 to December 2015. The Kulldorff's retrospective space-time scan statistics was used to identify the temporal, spatial and spatio-temporal clusters of reported TB in the mainland of China by using the discrete Poisson probability model. Spatio-temporal clusters …

Identification Of Bhlhe40 And Irg1 As Essential Regulators Of The Inflammatory Response To Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Jeremy Peter Huynh

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Protective immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) must induce bactericidal functions while minimizing damage to the lung. Such responses require precise control of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors to regulate the recruitment and function of protective immune cells but the mechanisms by which this control is exerted remain incompletely defined. Basic helix-loop-helix family, member e40 (Bhlhe40) is a transcription factor known to regulate production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that affect protective immunity to Mtb. Immune-responsive Gene 1 (Irg1) is an enzyme that generates itaconate, a metabolite with potential anti-inflammatory and antibacterial roles during Mtb infection. The impact of Bhlhe40 and …

Bhlhe40 Is An Essential Repressor Of Il-10 During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection, Jeremy P Huynh, Chih-Chung Lin, Jacqueline M Kimmey, Nicholas N Jarjour, Elizabeth A Schwarzkopf, Tara R Bradstreet, Irina Shchukina, Oleg Shpynov, Casey T Weaver, Reshma Taneja, Maxim N Artyomov, Brian T Edelson, Christina L Stallings

2010-2019 OA Pubs

The cytokine IL-10 antagonizes pathways that control

Diagnosing Isolated Hepatosplenic Tuberculosis In An Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report, Om Dawani, Raja Samir Khan, Mujtaba Jamal Syed, Abdul Moid Shehzad, Ahmed Alratoot, Muhammad Faizan Ahmed

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

For many years, tuberculosis (TB) has been endemic in Pakistan; many rare and unusual presentations have been reported. There is a myriad of non-specific symptoms which always requires a high index of clinical suspicion for TB. World Health Organization data suggest that Pakistan ranks as the fifth highest country burdened with TB and has the fourth highest prevalence of multi-drug resistant TB globally. With an annual incidence of 277 cases per 100,000, the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is self-evident. We present a case where a strong suspicion of isolated hepatosplenic TB in an immunocompetent patient justified a directed …

Performance Of Combination Of Symptoms, Chest X-Rays And Mgit 960 Culture For Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Hiv Patients, Desi Salwani, Ujainah Zaini Nasir, Evy Yunihastuti, Kuntjro Harimurti, Andriansjah Andriansjah

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

No abstract provided.

Altruism, Scepticism, And Collective Decision-Making In Foreign-Born U.S. Residents In A Tuberculosis Vaccine Trial, Sienna R. Craig, Timothy Lahey, Apoorva Dixit, C. Fordham Von Reyn

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background:

The current vaccine against tuberculosis, BCG, is effective when given in most TB-endemic countries at birth but has diminished efficacy against pulmonary TB after 15–20 years. As a result, new booster vaccines for adolescents and adults are being developed to realize the World Health Organization target of global elimination of TB by 2035. Multiple TB candidates thus are in active clinical development.

Methods:

One of these, DAR-901, is advancing in human clinical trials. These clinical trials are conducted in BCG immunized adults with and without HIV infection in order to assess safety and efficacy among the people most in …

Constrictive Pericarditis Presenting As Bilateral Pleural Effusion: A Report Of Two Cases, Manesh Kumar Gangwani, Salman B. Mahmood,, Fariha Hasan, Javaid Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Constrictive pericarditis is a rare presentation. We need a very high index of clinical suspicion to diagnose the disease. It most commonly presents secondary to tuberculosis (TB) in the developing world and post-radiation therapy in the developed world. Classically, it presents with symptoms of heart failure and as pericardial thickening or calcification on imaging studies. In hospital settings, constrictive pericarditis is not usually considered as a differential in patients presenting with pleural effusion. According to the literature, associated pleural effusions in cases of constrictive pericarditis could be left-sided. Herein, we present two unusual presentations of cases with bilateral pleural effusions. …

Smith, Beulah Ethel (Morgan), 1894-1987 (Mss 631), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

MSS Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 631. Correspondence and papers of Beulah (Morgan) Smith, Bowling Green, Kentucky, documenting her family, genealogy, and activities in clubs and the community, especially her leadership of the Bowling Green-Warren County Tuberculosis Association, her involvement with the Daughters of the American Revolution and the National Society Southern Dames of America, and the Kentucky Mothers Association of the American Mothers Committee, Inc., which selected her as Kentucky Mother of the Year in 1963. Includes a proposal to locate a tuberculosis sanatorium in Warren County (Click on "Additional Files" below for scan).

Cough, Hemoptysis And Hair Expectoration: An Intrapulmonary Teratoma, Shanila Ahmed, Habib Kibzai, Talha Shahzad, Saulat Fatimi, Madiha Bilal L Qureshi

Section of Haematology/Oncology

Teratomas can be found in different organs of the body and may involve gonads, saccrococcygeal region, mediastinum and other sites. Intrathoracic teratomas always occur in mediastinum and less often arise within the lung. As teratomas mostly involve sex organs (gonads), they rarely occur as extra-gonadal tumors accounting for only 3% of all the cases and very small percentage of such tumors occur in mediastinum.We reported an interesting case of middle aged male who presented to us with symptoms of cough, hemoptysis and trichoptysis (hair expectoration).We found that patient had intrapulmonary teratoma that was initially being treated as case of pulmonary …

Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis Presenting As Malnutrition And Distal Colonic Bowel Obstruction, Raja C. Chakinala, Zahava Farkas, Benjamin Barbash, Khwaja Haq, Shantanu Solanki, Taliya Farooq, Brad Dworkin

NYMC Faculty Publications

Gastrointestinal (GI) tuberculosis (TB) is rare and can occur in the context of active pulmonary disease or as a primary infection with no pulmonary symptoms. It typically presents with vague abdominal symptoms, making it difficult to discern from alternative disease processes. Although the ileocecal region is the most commonly affected site, tuberculous enteritis can involve any aspect of the GI tract. To demonstrate the importance of maintaining a high clinical suspicion for the disease, we present a case of GI TB presenting as severe malnutrition and segmental colitis of the left colon.

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection In The Setting Of Interstitial Lung Disease: Coincidence Or Bad Luck?, Christian Wong, Sonu Sahni, Muhammad Azaz I. Cheema, Asma Iftikhar

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (New York) Publications and Research

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide, with many individuals with undiagnosed active or latent disease. The presence of parenchymal lung disease, such as interstitial lung disease (ILD), has been suggested to increase the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In the clinical setting of ILD, the diagnosis of an underlying MTB infection may be challenging due to the interstitial process and underlying fibrosis, which may mask the infection. An atypical presentation and misleading radiological patterns may delay the diagnosis of the underlying MTB infection. Herein, we describe a unique case of ILD complicated by active …

The Gambia : Tuberculosis, Amen Belayneh

Global Public Health

Tuberculosis in the Gambia

This brief consists of some general information about Gambia, demographic information, the effects of tuberculosis in the country including the challenges brought forth by the disease, and some personal suggestions on the matter. From the general information on Gambia, we learn the location, political structure as well as major internal and external challenges faced by the country. Tuberculosis is one of the country’s major internal challenges in addition to its environmental and economic issues. Under the demographic information we get a broader idea of the Gambia people by looking at population demographic such as birth and …

The South Sudan: Tuberculosis, Blake Schwarz

Global Public Health

The South Sudan is a country that recently gained independence from the Sudan after a bloody twenty year civil war. They lost nearly two million lives during the war, and are now ravaged by Tuberculosis, or TB. After gaining their independence in 2011, the South Sudan has an average of 18,000 cases of TB at any time. This would consider TB in the South Sudan an endemic, as it always has a base level of TB cases that does not vary. There is medication for TB that is available to the citizens on the South Sudan, but the prescription is …

Micronesia: Tuberculosis, Mulualem Hailom

Global Public Health

This brief contains the general information of the Federal state of Micronesia, major problems of the country, and in particular Tuberculosis disease and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Under the general information of Micronesia, the location, the political structure, the demographic information, and the internal and also external challenges are listed. This brief also has detailed information about the two simultaneous outbreaks of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis of Micronesia. Tuberculosis is one of death contributing factor in Micronesia. Tuberculosis can be cured if the therapy is properly taken but if the therapy isn’t taken properly, the TB disease can grow into Multidrug –Resistance tuberculosis, which …

Analysis Of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment Adherence In An Inner-City Clinic, Yvonne Washington-Turay

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

More than 10 million people in the United States are known to have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and more than 300,000 begin treatment for LTBI annually. However, many fail to adhere to therapy for numerous reasons. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of a new guideline, Targeted Tuberculin Testing and the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis, at inner-city tuberculosis (TB) control clinic in the United States. The practice-focused question for the project asked if the implementation of the clinical guideline using a shorter regimen improved LTBI treatment adherence. The health beliefs model was the framework used to …

Pooled Analysis Of 163 Published Tuberculous Peritonitis Cases From Turkey, Bedi̇a Mutay Suntur, Feri̇t Kuşcu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Tuberculous peritonitis may be di cult to diagnose due to its insidious and variable clinical manifestations as well as characteristics similar to malignancy. In this study, case reports from Turkey over the last 10 years were reviewed systematically using pooled analysis. Materials and methods: irty-four suitable articles were found and 163 tuberculous peritonitis cases were included in the study. Results: e mean age was 34.1 years (17?79 years), and 146 (98.6%) of the patients were female and 17 (10.4%) were male. e most common complaints of these patients were abdominal pain (77.4%) and abdominal distention (73.5%). Ascites in the …

Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Tuberculosis Coinfection: Clinical Features And Predictors Of Mortality, Fatma Gümüşer, Merve Altinkaynak, Di̇lek Yildiz Sevgi̇, Özlem Altuntaş Aydin, Bi̇lgül Mete, Alper Gündüz, Hayat Kumbasar Karaosmanoğlu, Si̇bel Bolukçu, Ömer Fehmi̇ Tabak, Mustafa Haluk Vahaboğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study was undertaken to identify subjects with human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis (HIV/TB) coinfection in a group of HIV-positive patients followed at five different healthcare centers, and to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of these subjects as well as the predictors of mortality. Materials and methods: A database search for subjects with TB coinfection was performed among 1475 HIV-positive adult patients and a total of 66 individuals were identified with HIV/TB coinfection. Results: There were 66 patients (4.5%) with TB coinfection. Twenty-one percent (n = 14) of the patients with TB coinfection died during the study period …

Determinants And Characteristics Of Tuberculosis In Liver Transplant Recipients, Ayli̇n Özgen Alpaydin, Mücahi̇t Özbi̇lgi̇n, Madina Abdullayeva, Selver Seda Mersi̇n, Tufan Egeli̇, Tarkan Ünek, Oğuz Kilinç, İbrahi̇m Kemal Astarcioğlu, Vi̇ldan Avkan Oğuz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients have increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). We aimed to investigate the prevalence and features of TB in liver transplant (LT) recipients at our transplantation canter. Materials and methods: All patients who underwent LT between January 2004 and December 2013 and whose data were accessible were included in the study. Demographic features, tuberculin skin test (TST) results, and TB prevalence were recorded. Characteristics of LT recipients who developed TB were evaluated. Results: A total of 403 patients underwent LT during this period. Mean age was 47.27 ± 11.04 years; 280 (69.47%) were males. The TST …

Knowledge, Beliefs, And Perceptions About Tuberculosis Among Haitian Immigrants And Haitian Americans Living In Miami-Dade County, Florida, Leslie Barbour

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Tuberculosis (TB) kills 1.7 million people each year, and 1/3rd of the world's population is estimated to have latent TB. It was once the deadliest disease in the United States but is now relatively rare and, if treated properly, it is curable. Migrants from TB-endemic countries, such as Haiti, are one source of TB transmission to the US, and the prevalence of TB remains high and is increasing in Little Haiti, Florida. Data on the knowledge and perceptions of Haitian immigrants and Haitian Americans about TB is inadequate. The purpose of this qualitative research was to study the TB-related knowledge, …

Perceptions Of Private Medical Practitioners Towards The Nigerian National Tuberculosis Treatment Guidelines, Chijioke Pius Osakwe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in many parts of the world. Nigeria is one of the 30 countries in the world that has the highest burden of TB. Private medical practitioners in Nigeria play an important role in health care delivery. Motivating them to adhere to TB treatment guidelines in managing persons suspected of having TB or diagnosed with the disease is one of the strategies employed by the National Tuberculosis Program to Reduce the Burden of TB. Few studies were identified which used qualitative study approaches to study the perceptions of these practitioners towards the TB …

Socio-Economic Predictors And Distribution Of Tuberculosis Incidence In Beijing, China: A Studyusing A Combination Of Spatial Statistics And Gis Technology, Gehendra Mahara, Kun Yang, Sipeng Chen, Wei Wang, Xiuhua Guo

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Evidence shows that multiple factors, such as socio-economic status and access to health care facilities, affect tuberculosis (TB) incidence. However, there is limited literature available with respect to the correlation between socio-economic/health facility factors and tuberculosis incidence. This study aimed to explore the relationship between TB incidence and socio-economic/health service predictors in the study settings. A retrospective spatial regression analysis was carried out based on new sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB cases in Beijing districts. Global Moran’s I analysis was adopted to detect the spatial dependency followed by spatial regression models (spatial lag model, and spatial error model) along with the …

The Pathology Of Tuberculosis Lesions In Allergic Skin Test (Ppd Tuberculin) Positive Cows And Detection Of Tuberculosis Agents With Pcr In Milk Samples, Çi̇ğdem Tuncay, Fati̇h Hati̇poğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine tuberculosis (Tb) agents in milk and the pathologic changes in the tissues and organs of 100 PPD Tb-positive cows that were intended for slaughter. Milk samples were taken before slaughtering and PCR analysis was conducted to detect the Tb agent. In postmortem examinations, the lungs, liver, mammary glands, spleen, kidneys, and heart were collected for macroscopic and histopathological examinations. Out of the 100 PPD positive cows, lesions of Tb were observed in 75 cows. In the microscopic examination, Tb was identified in the lungs (51 cases), liver (61 cases), and in both …

Vitamin E Status Is Inversely Associated With Risk Of Incident Tuberculosis Disease Among Household Contacts, Omowunmi Aibana, Molly F Franke, Chuan-Chin Huang, Jerome T Galea, Roger Calderon, Zibiao Zhang, Mercedes C Becerra, Emily R Smith, Carmen Contreras, Rosa Yataco, Leonid Lecca, Megan B Murray

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Few studies have previously assessed how pre-existing vitamin E status is associated with risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease progression.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the association between baseline plasma concentrations of 3 vitamin E isomers (α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol) and TB disease risk.

METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within a longitudinal cohort of household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary TB cases in Lima, Peru. We defined cases as HHCs who developed active TB disease ≥15 d after the diagnosis of the index patient, and we matched each case to 4 control cases who did not develop active TB based on …