Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Community Pharmacists And Substance Use Disorders: Attitudes, Knowledge And Practices, Deepika Rao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a serious health concern affecting a large proportion of the US population. Community pharmacists are well-positioned to prevent, screen, and provide appropriate treatment for SUD. Stigma towards these patients and SUD results in reduced quality of care as well as poor treatment outcomes. It is imperative that pharmacists have the appropriate knowledge of and attitude towards prevention, harm reduction and treatment to develop therapeutic relationships and improve their delivery of pharmacy services

Objective: To assess knowledge, practices (with an emphasis upon screening), stigma and general attitudes of community pharmacists towards SUD and evaluate the …

Stigma For Caring For Those With Mental Health Issues In The Student Nurse Community: A Survey, Matthew Boyd

Undergraduate Honors Theses

People living with a mental health issue is elevated both nationally and internationally, and the likelihood of a person interacting with someone who has a mental health issue is high. It is even higher for those who work in the health care profession, so understanding their attitudes on this matter is important. As a review of current literature reveals, there is not only stigma in the health care system, but there is also stigma among health care professionals and students. One of the groups of students that has not been researched to a great extent is nursing students and the …

Ethical Cannabis Lawyering In California, Francis J. Mootz Iii

St. Mary's Journal on Legal Malpractice & Ethics

Cannabis has a long history in the United States. Originally, doctors and pharmacists used cannabis for a variety of purposes. After the Mexican Revolution led to widespread migration from Mexico to the United States, many Americans responded by associating this influx of foreigners with the use of cannabis, and thereby racializing and stigmatizing the drug. After the collapse of prohibition, the federal government repurposed its enormous enforcement bureaucracy to address the perceived problem of cannabis, despite the opposition of the American Medical Association to this new prohibition. Ultimately, both the states and the federal government classified cannabis as a dangerous …

Knowledge, Attitudes, And Beliefs About Sexual Health And Behavior In Huye, Rwanda, Sara Charles, Lianna Drobatz, Ryan Dorey

Phase 1

Introduction: Pregnancy and its associated complication is the leading cause of death for women aged 15-19 worldwide. Teenage pregnancy is correlated with increased health complications, death, poverty, and societal stigma. Pregnancy in Rwanda has been documented at rates of 7% among teen women.

Objective: The objectives of this research study include assessing the attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs of adolescents in the Huye District of Rwanda regarding sexual health and behavior. We hypothesize that gaps in sexual health knowledge may exist and that differing beliefs among male and female adolescents affect adolescent sexual decision making, and, therefore, teenage pregnancy prevalence.

Methods: …

An Exploratory Study On Mental Illness Perspectives In Hanoi, Margaret Cox

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Almost 12 million people in Vietnam have been diagnosed with a mental illness; the prevalence of mental illness within the population means that understanding how people perceive it. Previous research has demonstrated the negative impacts that stigma and negative perceptions of mental illness have and how they can inhibit individuals from seeking treatment for a mental illness. The aim of this exploratory study was to answer the question: How do Vietnamese university students and mental health professionals living in Hanoi perceive mental illness? Fifteen university students and five mental health professionals were interviewed in a series of semi-structured interviews. A …

How The Misunderstanding That Heroin Addiction Is A Choice And The Stigma Surrounding Medication-Assisted Treatment Leads To More Overdose Deaths, Margaret M. Drew

Student Publications

Heroin is an opioid that commonly appears as white or brown powder. Eventually a person can become physically dependent on heroin, meaning the body begins to expect the drug. A sudden withdrawal from the drug can cause intense symptoms such as vomiting, muscle pain, and cravings, often leading to relapse (Shannon, p. 172). Although the initial decision to try heroin may be up to the addict, due to the dependence one develops when using heroin, addiction eventually morphs into an involuntary compulsion. There are many factors out of an individual’s control that influence their likelihood of trying heroin and becoming …

"Born Out Of Fear": A Grounded Theory Study Of The Stigma Of Bipolar Disorder For New Mothers, Walker Ladd Ph.D.

The Qualitative Report

Childbirth is an established trigger for the onset of bipolar disorders (BD) in the postpartum period, causing significant pathology and disability. Research has shown that the stigma of mental illness for new mothers is a powerful obstacle to care, preventing women from accessing critical treatment and social support. However, the majority of research has examined the relationship between the stigma and postpartum depression, leaving a gap in knowledge regarding stigma and postpartum bipolar disorder. The problem addressed in this grounded theory study was the lack of knowledge regarding the stigma of a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) in the first …

Do Healthcare Students Endorsing Stigma Of Mental Illness Screen For Suicidal Ideation? An Evaluation Of Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behaviors, Dannel K. Petgrave

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The stigma of mental illness endorsed by healthcare professionals has been linked to adverse outcomes. This issue underscores the need for early anti-stigma interventions in the context of professional training. The present study measured stigma change and suicide screening behaviors among medical, nursing, and pharmacy students enrolled in an interprofessional Communication Skills for Healthcare Professionals course. The Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS; Evans-Lacko et al., 2010), Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC; Modgill, Patten, Knaak, Kassam, & Szeto, 2014), and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale Form C (M-C SDS Form C; Reynolds, 1982) was administered at baseline (T …

Potential Biases And Social Stigmas Toward Mental Health On Georgia Southern’S Campus, Brandi N. Hawkins

Honors College Theses

Aims: The purpose of this study is to examine the potential biases and social stigmas toward mental health on Georgia Southern’s campus. The research questions explored are as follows: (1) Are there mental health biases on campus? (2) Are there any differences between college, class status, marital status, race, age, or gender in terms of mental health bias? (3) Do students feel as though there are available resources on campus? (4) Do students feel comfortable reaching out for help?

Methods: Data was collected from 350 undergraduate students over the age of 18 via a Likert-style questionnaire. The questionnaire …

Stigma At Every Turn: Health Services Experiences Among People Who Inject Drugs, Catherine E. Paquette, Jennifer L. Syvertsen, Robin A. Pollini

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background—People who inject drugs (PWID) encounter varying forms of stigma in health services contexts, which can contribute to adverse outcomes. We explored the lived experience of stigma among PWID to elucidate pathways by which stigma influences health care access and utilization. Methods—We conducted 46 qualitative interviews with PWID in California’s Central Valley between March and December 2015, as part of a multi-phase, multi-method study examining implementation of a new pharmacy syringe access law. A “risk environment” framework guided our data collection and we used a deductive/inductive approach to analyze the qualitative data. Results—Participants repeatedly cited the impact of stigma on …

Multinational Comparative Cross-Sectional Survey Of Views Of Medical Students About Acceptable Terminology And Subgroups In Schizophrenia, Shanaya Rathod, Muhammad Irfan, Rachna Bhargava, Narsimha Pinninti, Joseph Scott, Haifa Mohammad Algahtani, Zhihua Guo, Rishab Gupta, Pallavi Nadkarni, Farooq Naeem, Fleur Howells, Katherine Sorsdahi, Kerensa Thorne, Victoria Osman-Hicks, Sasee Pallikadavath, Peter Phiri, Hannah Carr, Lizi Graves, David Kingdon

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

AIM: The aim of this study was to inform thinking around the terminology for 'schizophrenia' in different countries.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate: (1) whether medical students view alternative terminology (psychosis subgroups), derived from vulnerability-stress models of schizophrenia, as acceptable and less stigmatising than the term schizophrenia; (2) if there are differences in attitudes to the different terminology across countries with different cultures and (3) whether clinical training has an impact in reducing stigma.

DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional survey that examined the attitudes of medical students towards schizophrenia and the alternative subgroups.

SETTING: The study …

South Africa, Hiv/Aids, And Education, Katie Roberts

Master's Projects and Capstones

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are huge problems in South Africa. HIV is a disease that attacks a person’s immune system and, if not properly treated, can lead to AIDS. While there is a treatment—antiretroviral drugs—HIV remains a highly stigmatized disease. This field project focuses on reducing stigma so people are unafraid to get tested or seek treatment. Created to benefit both teachers and their learners, the goal of this mathematics curriculum (consisting of 12 lesson plans and worksheets) is to begin HIV/AIDS awareness in school so accurate information is learned and stigma is reduced. The …

Stress Urinary Incontinence In Collegiate Female Athletes: Prevalence And Impact, Marie Bouchard

Master's Projects and Capstones

Abstract

Introduction, definition: Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leaking of urine (a few drops to a few milliliters). It can happen while exercising with no urge to urinate (stress urinary incontinence), with a sudden urge to urinate (overactive bladder or urgency urinary incontinence), or a combination of the two (mixed urinary incontinence). This issue is very common among female athletes. However, because of the reluctance to discuss this problem, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Methods:An anonymous and confidential survey was distributed to the 90 University of San Francisco female student athletes from seven different varsity sports in December 2017. …

Effects Of Mental Health Campaigns, Susan Schott

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

This project examines the effects of a mental health campaign on college students. This is important to research because universities and colleges alike need to understand the effects that campaigns about mental health on campus can have on students. I researched this by conducting an online experimental study on a sample of 511 students at a university in the Mid-Atlantic region. Qualtrics randomly assigned the participants into two groups, where one group viewed an experimental campaign and the other a control ad. The participants were measured using a post- test questionnaire which tested their self-perceptions of anxiety and level of …

Culture Care Needs Of Puerto Rican Women Receiving Hiv Care From Nurse Practitioners In New York City, Michele Crespo-Fierro

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The purpose of this mini-ethnonursing research study was to discover, describe, and interpret culture care values, beliefs, expressions, practices and needs of Puerto Rican women receiving HIV care from nurse practitioners (NPs) and other providers in New York City. The emic, or insider, perspective of Puerto Rican women living with HIV was the focus of this study and Leininger’s Culture Care Theory (CCT) provided the theoretical framework. Various enablers of the CCT, including Leininger’s Sunrise Enabler to Discover Culture Care, guided the design andimplementation of the study. Six key and twelve general informantswere interviewed and data from the interviews were …

Hiv-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behaviors In Two Low Resource Settings, Candice Lynn Collins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) outbreaks occurred almost simultaneously in the United States (US) (2014-2015) and in Cambodia (2015). Information is lacking on HIV-related knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes, and high-risk behaviors (KAB) among the general population, which may affect the transmission of HIV and lead to outbreaks. The current study aimed to: 1) assess KAB among the general population in a high-risk county in the US, 2) analyze KAB among the general population of Cambodia, and 3) compare KAB across samples from a high-risk county in Northeast Tennessee and a province in Cambodia. Tennessee data were collected in 2017 and Cambodian …

Association Between Stigma, Arv Therapy And Complications Ofpsychiatric Disorders Iin Hiv / Aids Patients, Yamaji Adi Wicaksono, Alifiati Fitrikasari, Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro, Hari Peni

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Introduction. Stigma and discrimination among HIV/AIDS patients cause varrious problems such as physical, psychological, and social. Therefore, its management requires comprehensive intervention. Antiretroviral therapy improves the patient’s clinical course, but may lead to neuropsychiatric complications especially anxiety disorders, depression, and psychotic disorders. This study aimed to know the associationbetween stigma,ARV therapy and complications of psychiatric disorders of HIV patients. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy in VCT-CST RSUP dr. Kariadi and RSUD RAA Soewondo Pati. Subjects were recruited using consecutive sampling method. Asessment of disorders and stigma was conducted using Structured Clinical Interview for …

Law Library Blog (March 2018): Legal Beagle's Blog Archive, Roger Williams University School Of Law

Law Library Newsletters/Blog

No abstract provided.

“We Hide…”: Perceptions Of Hiv Risk Among Black And Latino Msm In New York City, Ashley Murray, Zaneta Gaul, Madeline Y. Sutton, Jose Nanin

Publications and Research

Black and Latino men who have sex with men (BLMSM) are disproportionately infected with HIV; they comprised 66% of HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States in 2015. Risk factors for HIV infection among BLMSM include a high community prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed HIV/STDs, and dense sex partner networks. Perceptions of HIV risk among BLMSM were explored to inform HIV prevention efforts. During 2011–2012, semistructured interviews were conducted with BLMSM in New York City. Using computer-assisted thematic analyses (NVivo), transcribed interview responses to questions regarding HIV risk for main themes were examined. …

Knowledge, Beliefs, And Perceptions About Tuberculosis Among Haitian Immigrants And Haitian Americans Living In Miami-Dade County, Florida, Leslie Barbour

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Tuberculosis (TB) kills 1.7 million people each year, and 1/3rd of the world's population is estimated to have latent TB. It was once the deadliest disease in the United States but is now relatively rare and, if treated properly, it is curable. Migrants from TB-endemic countries, such as Haiti, are one source of TB transmission to the US, and the prevalence of TB remains high and is increasing in Little Haiti, Florida. Data on the knowledge and perceptions of Haitian immigrants and Haitian Americans about TB is inadequate. The purpose of this qualitative research was to study the TB-related knowledge, …

Tne Effect Of In Our Own Voice On Stigma In Bsn Students, Stephanie Steele

DNP Projects

Stigma regarding mental illness is common throughout the world, and can lead to social isolation, low self-esteem, loss of income and employment, deterioration of life quality, impeded access to medical care, and a shorter lifespan for people diagnosed with a mental illness (Cleary, Deacon, Jackson, Andrew, & Chan, 2012; Corrigan et al., 2013). The purpose of this DNP project was to provide an evidence-based intervention called In Our Own Voice (IOOV) to first semester sophomore nursing students and assess its impact on their perceptions of mental illness stigma. Alterations in stigma were assessed through the Attribution Questionnaire-27 administered to students …

Anxious?: Re-Designing Women’S Jewelry To Help Manage Symptoms Of Anxiety Disorders, Nourbanu Feras Hijazi

Theses and Dissertations

Anxiety is a common and often stigmatized condition. Destigmatizing mental disorders can positively impact people’s interaction and communication with others and can prompt conversations in which people share their experiences with mental health, leading to improved societal understanding and perception.

My design solution tackles behavioral symptoms of anxiety, specifically two conditions that fall under obsessive-compulsive behavior: Dermatillomania and Trichotillomania. By redesigning women’s jewelry to specialized accessories, my intention is for these objects to help destigmatize these conditions and relieve symptoms of maladaptive behaviors and hurtful impulses. By redirecting these irresistible urges to an external artifact, the objects are designed to …

Perceptions And Interpretations Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Cambodian Immigrant Community, Raksmey Arun Roeum Castleman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects more than 60% of Cambodian immigrants in the United States. However, researchers do not yet know why less than 5% of Cambodian immigrants are accessing mental health services. This qualitative study involved investigation of participants' perceptions of how PTSD is manifested in the Cambodian immigrant community to understand barriers to mental health services access. The social ecological theory provided a frame for understanding how traditions, values, culture, and beliefs affect Cambodian immigrants' perceptions of PTSD and the mental health system. Data was collected from semi structured interviews of 13 participants, 18 to 70 years of …

Decreasing Stigma Against Depression In Chinese International Students, Elizabeth Trader

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Higher levels of stress and a shift in support systems during the transition to another culture can put international students at risk for mood disorders like depression. Previous research supports there is also a higher level of depression stigma within Eastern cultures in comparison to Western cultures (Rao, Feinglass, & Corrigan, 2007). This may account for the strikingly low numbers from the Chinese population that seek and maintain professional counseling services while studying in the U.S. (Yakushko, Davidson, & Sandford-Martens, 2008). The present study sought to determine whether two self-produced Chinese videos regarding information about stigma, symptoms, and treatment of …

Healthcare Providers’ Perceptions Of Pregnant Women, Allison Goderwis

Theses and Dissertations--Family Sciences

Health care providers’ (N = 421) implicit perceptions of pregnant women based on age, race or ethnicity, marital status, and socioeconomic status are assessed through a true-experiment design. Ordinal and binary regression analyses revealed that respondents felt more pity for an unmarried than married pregnant woman and more anger toward an unemployed pregnant woman without health insurance compared to a pregnant woman who was employed with health insurance. Male, Asian, and Hispanic respondents were less likely to help the pregnant woman, Black and protestant respondents were more likely to express some degree of anger toward the pregnant woman, and …

Positive Approaches To Overcoming The Stigma Of Disability, Noel A. Ysasi, Roy K. Chen, Megan E. Jones

School of Rehabilitation Services & Counseling Faculty Publications and Presentations

People with disabilities often face prejudice and discrimination because of their physical and/or mental deviance from norms subjectively defined by society. The stigma associated with having a disability can have a negative impact on the quality of life among this population. The purpose of this paper is to discuss theory-based strategies and approaches that people with disabilities can adopt to overcome and mitigate the adverse effects of a stigmatizing disability. Specifically, the paper uses the hope theory and positive psychology theory as foundations to pave way for weaving spiritual well-being, resilience, and optimism into psychoeducation efforts to help people with …

Stigmatizing Effects Of Visible Versus Invisible Disabilities, Noel A. Ysasi, Alicia B. Becton, Roy K. Chen

School of Rehabilitation Services & Counseling Faculty Publications and Presentations

The concept of disability is complex and has been interpreted in a variety of ways. The degree to which a disorder is "disabling" depends on the interchange between the condition and other factors including the individual's environment. Modern society's emphasis on self-sufficiency and productivity contribute to the tendency to devalue those who are perceived as unable from these valued characteristics. Research suggests the visibility of a condition may lead to stigmatization, a concept generally associated with feelings of shame due to discontentment and devaluation of others. The authors present literature related to persons with visible and invisible disabilities, and the …