Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Impact Of Mental Health On Cancer Preventative Screenings, Chelsea Edirisuriya, Amy Leader, Phd

Phase 1

Among the mental health population of the United States, overall preventative health services, such as cancer screening rates, are remarkably low. Additionally, there is a significant 30% higher mortality rate due to cancer in psychiatric patients. This project established if there are disparities in cancer screening rates between the general population and the mental health population of Southeastern Pennsylvania. The project analyzed and compared the differences in cancer screenings for colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer among those currently diagnosed with a mental condition and the general population. Through p-value and Pearson chi-square statistical analysis of the Community Health Data Base …

Building Shared Values In The Community: Culture Of Health, Donnelle D. Storrs

Doctor of Nursing Practice

The zip codes where patients live are stronger determinants of health outcomes than the frequency of visits with a primary care provider. Providers have a unique opportunity to extend health care beyond the clinic walls and engage in efforts to improve the communities where their patients grow, live, work, and age. In order to impact the health of patients, a culture of health needs to be developed. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation culture of health action framework directed the build of a foundation of health as a shared value in a neighborhood with high morbidity and mortality rates in southwest …

Impact Of Sepsis And Non-Communicable Diseases On Prognostic Models To Predict The Outcome Of Hospitalized Chronic Liver Disease Patients, Fakhar Qazi, Shahab Abid, Preet Ayoub Shaikh, Safia Awan

Section of Gastroenterology

AIM: To evaluate the impact of sepsis and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) on the outcome of decompensated chronic liver disease(CLD) patients.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, medical records of patients with CLD admitted to the Gastroenterology unit at the Aga Khan University Hospital were reviewed. Patients older than 18 years with decompensation of CLD (i.e., jaundice, ascites, encephalopathy, and/or upper gastrointestinal bleed) as the primary reason for admission were included, while those who were admitted for reasons other than decompensation of CLD were excluded. Each patient was followed for 6 wk after index admission to assess mortality, prolonged hospital …

Mortality And Associated Morbidities Following Traumatic Brain Injury In Older Medicare Statin Users, Bilal Khokhar, Linda Simoni-Wastila, Julia F. Slejko, Eleanor Perfetto, Min Zhan, Gordon S. Smith

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Objective: To assess the relationship between posttraumatic brain injury statin use and (1) mortality and (2) the incidence of associated morbidities, including stroke, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias following injury. Setting and Participants: Nested cohort of all Medicare beneficiaries 65 years of age and older who survived a traumatic brain injury (TBI) hospitalization during 2006 through 2010. The final sample comprised 100 515 beneficiaries. Design: Retrospective cohort study of older Medicare beneficiaries. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained using discrete time analysis and generalized estimating equations. Measures: The exposure of interest included monthly atorvastatin, …

Global, Regional, And National Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (Dalys) For 359 Diseases And Injuries And Healthy Life Expectancy (Hale) For 195 Countries And Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2017, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Degu Abate, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Solomon M. Abay, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Nooshin Abbasi, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Jemal Abdela, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Gbd 2017 Dalys And Hale Collaborators

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for …

Predicting Adverse Outcomes In End Stage Renal Disease: Machine Learning Applied To The United States Renal Data System, Zeid Khitan, Alexis D. Jacob, Courtney Balentine, Adam N. Jacob, Juan R. Sanabria, Joseph I. Shapiro

Marshall Journal of Medicine

We examined machine learning methods to predict death within six months using data derived from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS). We specifically evaluated a generalized linear model, a support vector machine, a decision tree and a random forest evaluated within the context of K-10 fold validation using the CARET package available within the open source architecture R program. We compared these models with the feed forward neural network strategy that we previously reported on with this data set.

Outcomes Of Transcutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement Among High Risk Wv Sample Population., George M. Yousef, Julia Poe, Cameron Killmer, Basel Edris, Jason Mader, Ellen A. Thompson, Daniel Snavely, Silvestre Cansino, Joseph I. Shapiro, Mark A. Studeny

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Introduction:Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a relatively new strategy for replacing the aortic valve. We elected to review our early experience to see if we could identify clinical characteristics at baseline or immediately following the procedure that would predict death within one year.

Methods:Charts for all patients assigned to receive TAVR procedure at St Mary’s medical center, Huntington, West Virginia between April, 2013 till November, 2016 were identified and reviewed. A total of seventy-two (72) cases were included.

Results: All cause mortality rate at index hospitalization, 30 days, and 12 months was 5.6%(N=4), 6.9%(N=5), 19.4%(N=14) respectively. Stroke …

Effect Of Aspirin On All-Cause Mortality In The Healthy Elderly, John J Mcneil, Mark R Nelson, Robyn L Woods, Jessica E Lockery, Rory Wolfe, Christopher M Reid, Brenda Kirpach, Raj C Shah, Diane G Ives, Elsdon Storey, Joanne Ryan, Andrew M Tonkin, Anne B Newman, Jeff D Williamson, Karen L Margolis, Michael E Ernst, Walter P Abhayaratna, Nigel Stocks, Sharyn M Fitzgerald, Suzanne G Orchard, Ruth E Trevaks, Lawrence J Beilin, Geoffrey A Donnan, Peter Gibbs, Colin I Johnston, Barbara Radziszewska, Richard Grimm, Anne M Murray

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: In the primary analysis of the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial, now published in the Journal, we report that the daily use of aspirin did not provide a benefit with regard to the primary end point of disability-free survival among older adults. A numerically higher rate of the secondary end point of death from any cause was observed with aspirin than with placebo.

METHODS: From 2010 through 2014, we enrolled community-dwelling persons in Australia and the United States who were 70 years of age or older (or ≥65 years of age among blacks and Hispanics …

Effect Of Aspirin On Disability-Free Survival In The Healthy Elderly, John J Mcneil, Robyn L Woods, Mark R Nelson, Christopher M Reid, Brenda Kirpach, Rory Wolfe, Elsdon Storey, Raj C Shah, Jessica E Lockery, Andrew M Tonkin, Anne B Newman, Jeff D Williamson, Karen L Margolis, Michael E Ernst, Walter P Abhayaratna, Nigel Stocks, Sharyn M Fitzgerald, Suzanne G Orchard, Ruth E Trevaks, Lawrence J Beilin, Geoffrey A Donnan, Peter Gibbs, Colin I Johnston, Joanne Ryan, Barbara Radziszewska, Richard Grimm, Anne M Murray

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Information on the use of aspirin to increase healthy independent life span in older persons is limited. Whether 5 years of daily low-dose aspirin therapy would extend disability-free life in healthy seniors is unclear.

METHODS: From 2010 through 2014, we enrolled community-dwelling persons in Australia and the United States who were 70 years of age or older (or ≥65 years of age among blacks and Hispanics in the United States) and did not have cardiovascular disease, dementia, or physical disability. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 100 mg per day of enteric-coated aspirin or placebo orally. The primary end …

Study Of Hyperglycemia In Critically Ill Patients And Its Impact On The Outcome, Aliaa S. Tawfiek, Mohamed A. El-Raouf, Mohamed Z. Nooh, Mostafa G. El-Nagar, Walied S. El-Dien

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients by evaluating glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), to differentiate between already diabetic patients and stress-induced hyperglycemia in patients who presented with first-time hyperglycemia, and to study the effect of hyperglycemia on mortality. Background Hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients and has poor impact on the outcome. Therefore, it should be discovered early and controlled by evaluating glycosylated HbA1c. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study included 281 patients attending the ICU of Mit Ghamr General Hospital, Dakahlia, Egypt, for a period of 1 year from …

The Association Of Qsofa, Sofa, And Sirs With Mortality In Emergency Department Pneumonia, Ian D. Mecham, Nathan C. Dean, Emily L. Wilson, Al R. Jephson, Michael J. Lanpsa

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Objective: To determine the association between 30-day mortality with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and quick SOFA (qSOFA) in emergency department patients with pneumonia. Secondary outcomes included the association of sepsis scores with hospital admission and direct ICU admission.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a pneumonia population conducted in the emergency department of 3 tertiary care medical centers and 4 community hospitals. Adult immunocompetent patients diagnosed with pneumonia were included from 3 twelve-month periods spanning December 2009 to October 2015. We generated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values for …

Ascertainment Of The Estimated Excess Mortality From Hurricane Maria In Puerto Rico, Carlos Santos-Burgoa, Ann Goldman, Elizabeth Andrade, Nicole Barrett, Uriyoan Colon-Ramos, Mark Edberg, Alejandra Garcia-Meza, Lynn Goldman, Amira Roess, John Sandberg, Scott Zeger

Global Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Post-Diagnosis Quality Of Life And Mortality In Non-Hispanic White And Hispanic Women Diagnosed With Invasive Breast Cancer., Delvon T. Mattingly

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The prevalence of breast cancer is increasing, and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of breast cancer survivors may help to further understand survivorship. This study evaluated HRQOL as a potential prognostic factor for mortality among Non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Hispanic women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Data were used from the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) Study. Data for 351 participants were analyzed for associations between HRQOL scores (subscale, component) and mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to assess the relationship between HRQOL and mortality outcomes (all-cause, breast cancer-specific, non-cancer). Median follow-up time from HRQOL assessment (approximately …

Assessing Heat-Related Mortality Risks Among Rural Populations: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Epidemiological Evidence, Emmanuel A. Odame, Ying Li, Shimin Zheng, Ambarish Vaidyanathan, Ken Silver

ETSU Faculty Works

Most epidemiological studies of high temperature effects on mortality have focused on urban settings, while heat-related health risks in rural areas remain underexplored. To date there has been no meta-analysis of epidemiologic literature concerning heat-related mortality in rural settings. This study aims to systematically review the current literature for assessing heat-related mortality risk among rural populations. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify articles published up to April 2018. Key selection criteria included study location, health endpoints, and study design. Fourteen studies conducted in rural areas in seven countries on four …

Clostridium Difficile Infection, Jacobina A. Adamu

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) refers to bacterium that infects the gut thereby causing diarrhea (Luo & Barlam, 2018). This infection is common among people who have used antibiotics for treatment. There is a growing consensus in literature that the infection of the intestines with Clostridium difficile infection is the fastest growing healthcare issue not only in the United States but globally. Millions of Americans are infected with this bacterium, causing major concerns in the healthcare system. In addition, it is worth noting that Clostridium difficile infection is a burdensome healthcare condition given the fact that it costs the healthcare system …

Mortality Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants After Hospital Discharge In A Low Resource Setting, Yaser Abdallah, Flavia Namiiro, Jolly Nankunda, Jamiru Mugalu, Yvonne Vaucher

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background Early discharge of very low birth weight infant (VLBW) in low resource settings is inevitable but to minimize mortality of these infants after discharge we need to identify the death attributes.

Method A prospective cohort was conducted among 190 VLBW infants discharged from Mulago Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) with discharge weight of < 1500 g over an 8 months period. These infants were followed up with the aims of determining the proportion dead 3 months after discharge, identifying factors associated and possible causes of death.

Relevant data were captured, transferred in to STATA and imported to SPSS 12.0.1 for analysis. To determine factors associated with mortality bi-variable and multivariable regressions were conducted. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant and 95% confidence interval was used.

Results Of the enrolled infants 164 (86.3%) completed follow up. The median gestational age of study …

Acinetobacter Infections: A Retrospective Study To Determine In – Hospital Mortality Rate And Clinical Factors Associated With Mortality, Rajiv Patel

Theses & Dissertations

Background: Acinetobacter infections are increasingly being recognized as a cause for significant in – hospital morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasingly multi – drug resistant strains of Acinetobacter are being isolated, increasing the burden on healthcare resources. Our objectives were to determine the outcomes and clinical factors related to outcomes of Acinetobacter infections at the Aga Khan University Hospital.

Methods: A retrospective study of Acinetobacter infections (from any site) was conducted. Patient records were used to gather relevant clinical information. The collected data was tabulated and analysed for any significant differences in demographic or clinical variables. The Pearson Chi squared test …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health News (2011-2023)

• Georgia Southern Examines Muscle-Strengthening and Aerobic Activities and Mortality in Cancer Survivors

Epidemiology News, Georgia Southern University

Epidemiology News (2012-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examines Muscle-Strengthening and Aerobic Activities and Mortality in Cancer Survivors

Factors Affecting Inpatient Mortality In Elderly People With Acute Kidney Injury, Muhammad Mabood Khalil, Safia Awan, Rabeea Azmat, Muhammad Ashhad Ullah Khalil, Nazish Naseer,, Jackson Tan

Section of Nephrology

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is common in elderly people (EP). There is paucity of data on predictor of mortality in EP with AKI.

Objective: This study was done to know more about factors associated with inpatient mortality in EP with AKI.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients aged 65 years or above hospitalized with a diagnosis of AKI at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, between January 2005 and December 2010. Binary logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with mortality in EP with AKI.

Results: 431 patients had AKI, with 341 (79.1%) having stage I …

Problems Experienced In The First Month After Discharge From A Heart Failure-Related Hospitalization, Joan S. Grant, Lucinda J. Graven, Kelly Fuller

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Heart failure is a global health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates. Individuals with heart failure commonly experience problems that impact daily life. However, little is known regarding which problems are most significant during the immediate posthospitalization period. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify high-priority problems experienced by individuals the first month after discharge from an acute care facility with a diagnosis of heart failure.

Methods: This descriptive, exploratory study was part of a 12-week randomized controlled pilot study that examined the efficacy of a coping partnership intervention (COPE-HF Partnership) between a trained research nurse …

Curbing The Hepatitis C Virus Epidemic In Pakistan: The Impact Of Scaling Up Treatment And Prevention For Achieving Elimination, Aaron G. Lim, Huma Qureshi, Hassan Mahmood, Saeed Hamid, Charlotte F. Davies, Adam Trickey, Nancy Glass, Quaid Saeed, Hannah Fraser, Josephine G. Walker,

Department of Medicine

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a global health strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis. We project the treatment and prevention requirements to achieve the WHO HCV elimination target of reducing HCV incidence by 80% and HCV-related mortality by 65% by 2030 in Pakistan, which has the second largest HCV burden worldwide.
Methods: We developed an HCV transmission model for Pakistan, and calibrated it to epidemiological data from a national survey (2007), surveys among people who inject drugs (PWID), and blood donor data. Current treatment coverage data came from expert opinion and published reports. The model projected the HCV …

Value Of Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio As A Predictor Of Mortality In Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement, Mirette Habib, Mohammad Thawabi, Amer Hawatmeh, Habib Habib, Walid Elkhalili, Fayez Shamoon, Medhat Zaher

NYMC Faculty Publications

Background: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been studied as a measure of inflammation and as a prognosticating factor in various medical conditions including neoplastic, inflammatory and cardiovascular. The prognostic role of NLR in predicting mortality in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) has not been studied. The aim of our study is to explore the utility of NLR as a predictor of both, short and long-term mortality, in patients undergoing surgical AVR. Methods: Consecutive patients with aortic stenosis admitted for AVR to our institution were evaluated for study inclusion. Of the 335 patients admitted from …

The Incidence And Characteristics Of Stroke In Urban-Dwelling Iranian Women, Amin Amiri Md, Moira Kapral Md Msc, Amanda G. Thrift Phd, Luciano A. Sposato, Hamidreza Saber Md, Reza Behrouz Do Phd, Mahdiyeh Erfanian, Mohammad Taghi Farzadfard Md, Naghmeh Mokhber Md, Reza Azarpazhooh Md

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Background: Population-based data regarding stroke among women are scarce in developing countries. This study was designed to determine whether sex differences exist in stroke incidence, mortality, and recurrence.

Methods: The Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study is a population-based cohort study in Iran. For a period of 1 year, all patients with stroke in 3 geographical regions in Mashhad were recruited and then followed up for 5 years. Age- and sex-specific crude incidence rates were standardized to the World Health Organization New World Population. Male-to-female incidence rate ratios were assessed for all age groups and all subtypes of first-ever stroke (FES). …

Serum Albumin And Base Deficit As Prognostic Factors For Mortality In Major Burn Patients, Mohamed A. Megahed, Mohamed M. Mansour, Rana H. El-Helbawy, Shawky S. M. Gad

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective The objective of this study was to assess serum albumin and base deficit as prognostic factors for mortality in major burn patients. Background Hypoalbuminemia is a common clinical deficiency in burn patients and is associated with complications related to increased extravascular fluid, including edema, abnormal healing, and susceptibility to sepsis. Base deficit is routinely calculated on blood gas analysis, and it provides the best estimate of the degree of tissue anoxia and shock at the whole body level, particularly in hemorrhagic shock. A rising base deficit indicates increasing metabolic acidosis, and may stratify mortality in patients after major trauma. …

Prognostic Value Of Aims65 Score In Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Gamal S. El-Deeb, Mahmoud S. Abdel-Hakeem, Moamena S. El-Hamouly

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective This work is a prospective study to emphasize the prognostic value of AIMS65 score in chronic liver disease patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Background To optimize the management of UGIB, multiple clinical prediction models have been proposed as a tool to identify patients at risk for poor outcome. Patients and methods This prospective study involved 90 adult patients with chronic liver disease presenting with UGIB, selected from patients admitted in Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shebeen El-Kom, Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt, during the period from November 2015 to July 2016. Eighty-four of them were male …

Sociocultural And Health System Factors Associated With Mortality Among Febrile Inpatients In Tanzania: A Prospective Social Biopsy Cohort Study, Michael E. Snavely, Michael J. Maze, Charles Muiruri, Lilian Ngowi, Flora Mboya, Julia Beamesderfer, Glory F. Makupa, Anthon G. Mwingwa, Bingileki F. Lwezaula, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Venance P. Maro, John A. Crump, Jan Ostermann, Matthew P. Rubach

Faculty Publications

Introduction Communicable diseases are the leading causes of death in Tanzania despite the existence of effective treatment tools. We aimed to assess the sociocultural and health system factors associated with mortality from febrile illness in northern Tanzania.

Methods We interviewed febrile inpatients to determine prevalence of barriers in seeking or receiving care and grouped these barriers using the Three Delays model (delays at home, in transport and at healthcare facilities). We assessed 6-week mortality and, after matching on age, gender and severity of illness, measured the association between delays and mortality using conditional logistic regression.

Results We enrolled 475 children, …

Multimorbidity In South Asian Adults: Prevalence, Risk Factors And Mortality., Kalpana Singh, Shivani A. Patel, Suddhendu Biswas, Roopa Shivashankar, Dimple Kondal, Vamadevan Ajay, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Zafar Fatmi, Mohammed K. Ali, Muhammad Masood Kadir

Community Health Sciences

Background:

We report the prevalence, risk factors and mortality associated with multimorbidity in urban South Asian adults.

Methods:

Hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke and chronic kidney disease were measured at baseline in a sample of 16 287 adults ages ≥20 years in Delhi, Chennai and Karachi in 2010-11 followed for an average of 38 months. Multimorbidity was defined as having ≥2 chronic conditions at baseline. We identified correlates of multimorbidity at baseline using multinomial logistic models, and we assessed the prospective association between multimorbidity and mortality using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:

The adjusted prevalence of multimorbidity was 9.4%; multimorbidity …

Racial/Ethnic Disparities Among Asian Americans In Inpatient Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality In The United States, E. J. Kim, N. R. Kressin, M. K. Paasche-Orlow, L. Lopez, J. E. Rosens, M. Lin, A. D. Hanchate

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Is 30-Day Posthospitalization Mortality Lower Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities?: A Reexamination, M. Lin, N. R. Kressin, M. K. Paasche-Orlow, E. J. Kim, L. Lopez, J. E. Rosen, A. D. Hanchate

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.