Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Versus Cycling Only On Walking Performance And Quality Of Life In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized, Clinical Pilot Study, Lori Hochman

Department of Physical Therapy Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Background: Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) stimulates peripheral nerves via electrical current to evoke muscle contractions and when combined with lower extremity cycling (LE), creates patterned leg movements. Previous studies demonstrated FES cycling is safe and effective in the spinal cord injury and stroke populations with improvements seen in walking speed, muscle mass, and bone density. Few studies have applied FES cycling to a neurodegenerative disorder, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study is to assess the effect of an 8-week training program using FES cycling, compared to Cycling Only, in people with MS (PWMS). Methods: Using a …

Comparison Of Conventional Elastic Bandages And Novel Hand Gloves By Measuring Changes In Stroke Patients' Hand Temperature During Passive Upper Limb Exercises, Mei-Yi Lee, Chan-Yu Taso, Ka-Hei Lao, Shu-Shi Chen

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Elastic bandages are often used to secure stroke patients' affected upper limbs to exercise equipment during physical rehabilitation. However, the application of elastic bandages can cause soft tissue injuries in patients' extremities. Therefore, our research team developed novel medical hand gloves, called ＂Yole Hands,＂ to safely secure stroke patients' affected hands to exercise equipment. This study compared conventional elastic bandages with Yole Hands by measuring changes in stroke patients' hand temperature during passive upper limb exercises. This study recruited 18 stroke patients aged 63.1 ± 13.4 years from a rehabilitation clinic. A thermograph (midi LOGGER GL220, Graphtec) was used to …

Physical Exercise During Pregnancy And Its Related Factors: An Observational Study In Japan, Megumi Haruna, Masayo Matsuzaki, Mie Shiraishi, Seonae Yeo

Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal

This study aimed to investigate the exercise habits of pregnant women in the third trimester (N = 303). We assessed participation in physical activities, including exercise or sports, using the Japanese version of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire. A total of 183 (60.4%) pregnant Japanese women participated in some form of exercise and 87 (28.7%) exercised for 2 hours or more, per week, in the third trimester. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that women who set themselves a gestational weight gain target (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 8.10, 95% CI [2.82, 23.4], p< .001), were more likely to participate in exercise or sports. In contrast, multiparous women (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.26, 0.72], p = .001), and those whose …

The Effects Of Exercise On Mental Health: A Research Review, Kaylani Benson

Honors College Theses

This research review looks at the effects exercise and physical activity have on mental health. The results of this review are based upon the results of the formal studies that have been included. These studies are Benefits of Exercise on Physical and Mental Health in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Exercise Effects on Mental Health of Preschool Children, The Effect of Morning Exercise on Mental Health of Female Police Employees, Exercise and Mental Health of People Living with HIV: A Systemic Review, Exercise Improves Physical Function and Mental Health of Brain Cancer Survivors: Two Exploratory Case Studies, Effect of Yogic and Physical …

Short-Term Effects Of Theracurmin Dose And Exercise Type On Pain, Walking Ability, And Muscle Function In Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis, Yun-A Shin, Min-Hwa Suk, Hee-Seung Jang, Hyejung Choi

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term of Theracurmin dose and exercise type on pain, walking ability, and muscle function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Twenty-five patients with knee osteoarthritis randomly selected to Theracurmin intake (T) group and Theracurmin in combined with exercise (T+E) group. T group (n= 13) was taken orally a capsule of 700 mg, 3 times per day, (total 2,100 mg, 35 mg/kg-body weight). T+E group (n= 12) performed aerobic training of 30-min walking and weight training for increasing leg muscular strength. After treatment, the number of steps, muscle mass, range of motion of …

Automated Ecological Assessment Of Physical Activity: Advancing Direct Observation., Jordan A. Carlson, Bo Liu, James F. Sallis, Jacqueline Kerr, J Aaron Hipp, Vincent S. Staggs, Amy Papa, Kelsey Dean, Nuno M. Vasconcelos

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Technological advances provide opportunities for automating direct observations of physical activity, which allow for continuous monitoring and feedback. This pilot study evaluated the initial validity of computer vision algorithms for ecological assessment of physical activity. The sample comprised 6630 seconds per camera (three cameras in total) of video capturing up to nine participants engaged in sitting, standing, walking, and jogging in an open outdoor space while wearing accelerometers. Computer vision algorithms were developed to assess the number and proportion of people in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activity, and group-based metabolic equivalents of tasks (MET)-minutes. Means and standard deviations (SD) …

A Clinical Nurse Leader Initiative: Promoting Mobility Among Long-Term Care Facility Residents, Ulyses Reamico

Master's Projects and Capstones

Maintenance of mobility during hospitalization or stay in long-term care facility result in improved patient outcomes including but not limited to decreased incidence of falls, non-pharmacological pain intervention, and prevention of further functional decline. In a 45-bed rehabilitation unit of a Veterans Affairs (VA) health care facility, a clinical nurse leader (CNL) initiative was done to promote mobility among the patients to mitigate functional decline. The patients, also referred to as clients or residents in long-term care facilities, were aged between 20s and 90s. The resident population consisted of patients admitted for physical rehabilitation after a stroke or surgical procedure, …

Metabolic Regulation Of Myocardial Adaptation To Exercise., Andrew Alan Gibb

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

While the benefits of exercise affect several organs, a significant adaptive response occurs within the heart. Exercise promotes cardiac growth, increases angiogenesis, and enhances cardiac function and these adaptations are associated with a cardioprotective phenotype. Additionally, extensive evidence shows that exercise dynamically regulates myocardial metabolism. This can be attributed to both changes in hormonal stimulation, increases in bioenergetic demand, and the bioavailability of circulating substrates. However, it is unclear whether these changes in metabolism contribute to physiologic cardiac growth. We reason that exercise-induced changes in metabolism are required to balance the catabolic and anabolic reactions needed for growth. Specifically, we …

Effects Of Physical Exercise In Older Adults With Reduced Physical Capacity: Meta-Analysis Of Resistance Exercise And Multimodal Exercise, Chiung-Ju Liu, Wen-Pin Chang, Islene Araujo De Carvalho, Katie E. L. Savage, Lori W. Radford, Jotheeswaran Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan

Occupational Therapy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Older adults with reduced physical capacity are at greater risk of progression to care dependency. Progressive resistance strength exercise and multimodal exercise have been studied to restore reduced physical capacity. To summarize the best evidence of the two exercise regimes, this meta-analysis study appraised randomized-controlled trials from published systematic reviews. Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials were searched for relevant systematic reviews. Two reviewers independently screened the relevant systematic reviews to identify eligible trials, assessed trial methodological quality, and extracted data. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze data …

Case Study Of Persons With Cancer Participating In A Community-Based Exercise Program: An Exploration Of Meaning And Change, Barbara K. Haas, Melinda Hermanns, Christina Melin-Johanson

Barbara Haas

Increasingly, research supports the importance of incorporating exercise into the cancer care paradigm. While quantitative studies have substantiated the significant effects of exercise on physical functioning, the individual’s perspective of participating in an exercise program has rarely been considered. The purpose of this study was to explain the impact of a community based exercise program on the lives of persons with cancer and their caregivers. Based on Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, a single explanatory case study with multiple embedded units of analyses was conducted. Interviews were conducted with 10 individuals representing participants with cancer, their caregivers, and health care providers. …

Effect Of Tai Chi On Vascular Function Among Patients With Peripheral Neuropathy, Arturo A. Arce-Esquivel, Joyce E. Ballard, Barbara K. Haas, Melinda Hermanns, Carol A. Rizer, Gary T. Kimmel, Yong T. Wang

Barbara Haas

Foot pain due to Peripheral Neuropathy (PN) is one of the factors affecting walking ability. It has been reported that diminished vascular function contributes to a decrease in physical function in individuals with PN. Microvascular disturbances have been reported in humans with neuropathic pain. Tai Chi, a Chinese conditioning exercise, has been associated with enhanced endothelial function. However, the effect of Tai Chi training on microvascular function in patients with PN has not been studied. This study aimed to assess the effects of Tai Chi on vascular function (i.e., vascular reactivity) and functional exercise capacity among patients with PN. Thirty-seven …

Agenda For Translating Physical Activity, Nutrition, And Weight Management Interventions For Cancer Survivors Into Clinical And Community Practice., Karen Basen-Engquist, Catherine M Alfano, Melissa Maitin-Shepard, Cynthia A Thomson, Kathryn H Schmitz, Bernardine M Pinto, Kevin Stein, David S Zucker, Karen L Syrjala, Elizabeth Fallon, Colleen Doyle, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Evidence supporting physical activity, diet, and weight management for cancer survivors has grown, leading to the development of guidelines and interventions. The next step is to identify necessary practice and policy changes and to develop a research agenda to inform how interventions can be delivered to survivors most effectively and efficiently in health care settings and by community-based organizations. Here, an agenda is proposed for research, practice, and policy that incorporates recommendations for a range of programming options, a patient-centered, tailored screening and referral approach, and training needs for survivorship care providers and providers of exercise, nutrition, and weight management …

The Effectiveness Of Cervical Traction And Exercise In Decreasing Neck And Arm Pain For Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy: A Critically Appraised Topic, Shelby Baez, Johanna M. Hoch, Timothy L. Uhl

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Clinical Question:

Is there evidence to suggest intermittent cervical traction with cervical and scapular strengthening exercises is more effective in decreasing neck and arm pain when compared with cervical and scapular strengthening exercises alone in nonoperative patients with cervical radiculopathy?

Clinical Bottom Line:

There is currently inconsistent, high-quality evidence that suggests that the use of intermittent cervical traction in addition to strengthening exercises is more effective at decreasing pain in nonoperative patients with cervical radiculopathy when compared with strengthening alone. Future research should continue to examine long-term outcomes associated with cervical radiculopathy patients who use intermittent cervical traction as an …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Nutrient Timing, Chad M. Kerksick, Shawn Arent, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Jeffrey R. Stout, Bill Campbell, Colin D. Wilborn, Lem Taylor, Doug Kalman, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Richard B. Krieder, Darryn Willoughby, Paul J. Arciero, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Michael J. Ormsbee, Robert Wildman, Mike Greenwood, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Alan A. Aragon, Jose Antonio

Publications and Research

Position statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review regarding the timing of macronutrients in reference to healthy, exercising adults and in particular highly trained individuals on exercise performance and body composition. The following points summarize the position of the ISSN: 1. Nutrient timing incorporates the use ofmethodical planning and eating ofwhole foods, fortified foods and dietary supplements. The timing of energy intake and the ratio of certain ingestedmacronutrientsmay enhance recovery and tissue repair, augmentmuscle protein synthesis (MPS), and improvemood states following high-volume or intense exercise. 2. Endogenous glycogen stores are maximized by following …

Biomechanical Testing Of An Exercise For Strengthening The Proximal Femur., Alyssa Osbourne

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Based on the principles of cutting edge bone remodeling research, a unique therapeutic exercise device was designed specifically to improve bone quality at the most critical location of the proximal femur prone to fracture: the superior-lateral femoral neck where the fracture first initiates during a fall. The exercise/device is intended to work by inducing enough strain in the bone to stimulate the body’s natural bone remodeling mechanisms to increase bone density in the proximal femur and consequently prevent a fracture from arising if a fall to the side does occur.

In order to test the proposed exercise, experiments simulating the …

The Pathophysiology Of Athlete's Heart, Hannah E. Mckee

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Athlete's heart is a condition resulting from high intensity exercise over a long period of time. Due to the increased workload of the body, the heart creates pathophysiologic changes to compensate for the increased demand. These changes are similar to those found in the diseased heart of a person with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is important to recognize athlete's heart and be able to differentiate between the pathophysiologic changes in athlete's heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Barriers To Prescribing Exercise In Clinical Practice To Treat Mild-To-Moderate Depression, Andrew D. Hanna

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The benefits of incorporating physical activity to moderate the effects of various chronic diseases have been well documented; however, some settings of clinical practice fail to utilize these benefits to treat conditions such as mild-to-moderate depression. To improve the integration of physical activity as a prescribing practice to treat depression, a better understanding of patient attitudes towards physical activity is needed. Various barriers exist when attempting to prescribe exercise for patients diagnosed with depression. Due to the symptoms of depression, patients often report various barriers and difficulty to engaging in exercise such as deficits in motivation, low energy levels and …

Exercise Protects Against Congenital Heart Defects Induced By Pregestational Diabetes, Tana Saiyin

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Pregestational diabetes is a risk factor for birth defects, with diabetic women having a four times higher risk of producing children with congenital heart defects (CHDs). This is concerning because the prevalence of diabetes is growing at epidemic proportions. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether exercise can also reduce hyperglycemia-induced CHDs and determine the underlying mechanism. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a critical enzyme for normal cardiogenesis that can be upregulated with exercise in adult cardiovascular tissue. However, whether maternal exercise can regulate fetal eNOS and affect heart development has yet to be studied. In this …

Alternative Interventions For Children Coping With Chronic Conditions: A Critical Review Of The Literature, Nina M. Pelsi, Kim S. Amer

DePaul Discoveries

Reduction of stressors and anxiety levels in adolescents with chronic illnesses is a critical concept in pediatric health care in America today. The many stressors associated with chronic illness include displaying physical and mental differences, social stigma, financial difficulty, and family stress. These stressors may affect the adolescent’s ability to learn and cope in everyday life. The current research was a critical review of the literature examining studies done with adolescents coping with chronic diseases and illnesses. The aim was to analyze the most efficacious non-pharmacological methods for reducing stressors in adolescents with chronic illness. A critical review of the …

Physical Activity And Quit Motivation Moderators Of Adolescent Smoking Reduction, Melissa D. Blank, Kaitlyn A. Ferris, Aaron Metzger, Amy Gentzler, Christina Duncan, Traci Jarrett, Geri Dino

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Objectives—We examined participant characteristics as moderators of adolescents’ smoking cessation outcomes as a function of intervention: Not-on-Tobacco (N-O-T), N-O-T with a physical activity (PA) module (N-O-T+FIT), or Brief Intervention (BI). Methods—We randomly assigned youth (N = 232) recruited from public high schools to an intervention, and measured their baseline levels of PA and motivation to quit. The number of cigarettes/day for weekdays and weekends was obtained at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Results—Across time-points, cigarette use declined for youth in N-O-T (p = .007) and N-O-T +FIT (ps < .02), but not BI (n.s.). For N-O-T+FIT youth, the steepest declines in weekday smoking occurred for those with high PA levels (p = .02). Weekend cigarette use decreased for NO-T+FIT youth with moderate-high levels of intrinsic motivation to quit (ps < .04). Conclusions—Adolescents may benefit from interventions designed to address the barriers faced during a quit attempt, including their motivation to make a change and their engagement in other healthy behaviors such as physical activity.

Attenuating The Side Effects Of Caloric Restriction Through Exercise And Increased Protein Intake, Jay A. Petersen

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The effects of caloric restriction (CR) on weight loss and health outcomes are documented, but few controlled studies have addressed its effect on performance. Fat free mass (FFM) is reduced during CR, which may impair performance. The purpose of this thesis was to explore the capacity of these strategies to attenuate the side-effects of calorie-restricted weight loss: Exercise, which preserves FFM during CR, may be employed to maintain performance in an energy-deficient state, and a high protein intake may work in combination with exercise to further protect FFM and performance. Two studies were utilized to address this purpose. In study …

Exercise Motivation In College Students, Elizabeth Little, Nicole Neidert, Jordan Rogers, Logan Matysiak, Joshua Osburn

The Corinthian

Purpose: Learning what motivates people to exercise may be the key to health professionals helping their clients become more active and moving our society in a positive direction in terms of health. Motivation can be divided into two broad categories; intrinsic and extrinsic. Our study sought to examine which type of motivation positively affects college-aged students’ one-mile times. It was hypothesized that college-aged individuals would run one mile in a shorter amount of time if they were motivated extrinsically than if they were motivated intrinsically.

Methods: Eighteen college-aged individuals participated in the study and were randomly split into two groups: …

The Effect Of Insulin Treatment And Exercise Modality On Skeletal Muscle Fiber Size In Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats, John Z. Nickels

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Severe Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is known to have several negative effects on skeletal muscle mass, a condition known as diabetic myopathy. One of these effects is the atrophy of the glycolytic muscle fibers. However, the role of intensity of insulin treatment and exercise modality in attenuating this loss in fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) specifically has yet to be determined. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of 12 weeks of differing intensity of insulin therapy and exercise modality on the CSA of plantaris muscle fibers, identified by myosin heavy chain (MHC) of STZ-induced T1DM rats. …

Examination Of The Monoamine Oxidase A Gene Promoter On Motivation To Exercise And Levels Of Voluntary Physical Activity, Erin M. Kinney

Senior Theses

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the genetic basis underlying voluntary exercise. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an enzyme that acts on monoamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, to cause inactivation. There are several polymorphisms in the promoter region of the MAO-A gene, and these variations change transcriptional activity and the amount of MAO-A produced, leading to alterations in available dopamine levels. Interestingly, polymorphisms in MAO-A have been associated recently with physical activity level. This study sought to determine whether there is an association between motivation to exercise, levels of voluntary physical activity, and MAO-A gene polymorphisms.

Methods: …

Is Home-Based, High-Intensity Interval Training Cycling Feasible And Safe For Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis? Study Protocol For A Randomized Pilot Study, Justin W L Keogh, Josephine Grigg, Christopher J Vertullo

Justin Keogh

BACKGROUND:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease affecting the knee joint of many middle-aged and older adults. As OA symptoms typically involve knee pain and stiffness, individuals with knee OA are often insufficiently physically active, have low levels of physical function, and are at increased risk of other comorbidities and reduced quality of life. While moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) cycling is often recommended, little is known about the feasibility, safety, and benefits of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) cycling for this population, even though the feasibility, safety, and benefits of HIIT have been demonstrated in other chronic disease groups.

PURPOSE: …

Git R Done: Analysis Of Motivation In Relation To Exercise And Determining Factors, Britton L. Rice

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Exercise provides many physical, emotional and mental health benefits (Facts about Physical Activity, 2014). Despite this, only 21% of American adults exercise regularly. One way of increasing this is to encourage better understanding of motivation and how to control it. Since intrinsic motivation towards exercise is not easily created or changed, most of the focus is placed on extrinsic motivation in its varying degrees. This summary isolates a few factors in exercise that play crucial roles in deciding motivation such as:

• Climate and Goal Orientation

• Influence of peers and teammates

• Influence of coaches

Working It Out: An Examination Of Modern Exercise Culture As Displayed On A College Campus, Mary Bolgan

Senior Theses

When asked to describe, as simplistically as possible, what one believes to be the most basic needs for human survival, it is likely that a few concepts will come up repeatedly: food, shelter, and procreation. In modern times, barriers to these needs tend to be financial resource. However, this has not always been the case. In primitive times, a third necessity would be needed to survive, that being a certain degree of physical fitness. To obtain food and build shelter, our ancestors had to have a great deal of physical competency to be able to hunt, gather, build, and keep …

Optimal Nutrition For Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review, Sarah E. Andrus Ms, Bruce W. Andrus Md Ms

Dartmouth Scholarship

Introduction

As fatigue in endurance events correlates with depletion of muscle glycogen, the traditional approach to nutritional support has been carbohydrate loading. However, there has been recent interest in improving athletic endurance performance by novel diets in the days to weeks prior to endurance events, the pre-event meal, and during exercise.

Methods

We searched PubMed and SCOPUS for randomized trials published from 1992-2017 with a primary endpoint of endurance performance. We identified 407 citations which were examined against our inclusion criteria of randomization or crossover allocation to diet and for which a primary outcome was endurance performance.

Results

Twenty full …

Physiological Differences In Cardiovascular Hemodynamics Across Treadmill And Cycle Exercise As Assessed Through Impedance Cardiography, Daniel S. Valcicak

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Impedance cardiography (IC) measures cardiovascular hemodynamics non-invasively during exercise. However, IC measurements assessing physiological differences across treadmill (TM) and cycle (CYC) exercise has not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hemodynamic measurements assessed via IC are consistent between TM and CYC exercise at two absolute exercise intensities. Twenty-one men (age = 21.4 ± 0.5 y; BMI = 24.4 ± 0.5) completed four exercise tests, two TM and two CYC. Within each test, two, five-minute, steady-state stages were completed with targeted intensities of 5 (MODex) and 7 (VIGex) metabolic equivalents (METs). Oxygen consumption (VO₂) …

Difference In Quality Of Life Between Group And Individual Exercise In A Faith-Based Sample, Everett Jackson Amburn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

There is limited data on the quality of life of individuals who exercise in a group versus individuals who exercise alone. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in the quality life between adults who attend an exercise class and those who exercise alone. Using the WHOQOL-BREF, 27 adult females were surveyed in Central California at two Church of Latter Day Saints locations. Ten females were enrolled in a group exercise class while 17 were individual exercisers. The data was analyzed using a t-test for independent samples to determine if there is a …