Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Epidemiology And Impact Of Campylobacter Infection In Children In 8 Low-Resource Settings: Results From The Mal-Ed Study, Shahida Qureshi, Aneeta Hotwani, Sadia Shakoor, (Mal-Ed) Network Investigators, Imran Ahmed, Didar Alam, Syed Asad Ali, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Muneera Rasheed, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Ali Turab, Anita K. M. Zaidi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Enteropathogen infections have been associated with enteric dysfunction and impaired growth in children in low-resource settings. In a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED), we describe the epidemiology and impact of Campylobacter infection in the first 2 years of life.
Methods: Children were actively followed up until 24 months of age. Diarrheal and nondiarrheal stool samples were collected and tested by enzyme immunoassay for Campylobacter Stool and blood samples were assayed for markers of intestinal permeability and inflammation.
Results: A total of 1892 children had 7601 diarrheal and 26 267 nondiarrheal stool samples tested for Campylobacter We describe a high …

Postnatal Ontogeny Of Small Intestinal Histomorphology, Crypt Cell Proliferation And Peptide Transporter 1 Gene Expression In Piglets, Boonrit Thongsong, Sureerat Suthongsa, Massupha Wiyaporn

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Ontogeny of the morphology, cell proliferation, and peptide transporters in each region of the small intestine support optimal nutritional status and growth of pigs from early to later life. To assess these, growth of piglets was studied at birth (d 0), suckling (d 7), weaning (d 21) and post-weaning (d 28, 49 and 77) days. Hematology, small intestinal histomorphology, crypt cell proliferation, and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) mRNA expression were measured from the animals at newborn, and at 7, 21, 49 and 77 days old. Among the three age groups (newborn to 21, 21 to 28 and 21 to 77 …

Effect Of Stocking Density On The Growth, Survival, And Settlement Of Sandfish Sea Cucumber (Holothuria Scabra), Quilan Cantero, Manoj Nair, Phd, Justino Smith

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The US Affiliated Pacific Islands of Micronesia have several commercially important species of sea cucumbers in their water including the sandfish sea cucumbers, Holothuria scabra. Due to their commercial importance, they have been widely exploited and are in the danger of being extinct.

The College of Micronesia Land Grant Program has undertaken the development of hatchery-based sandfish sea cucumber farming technology for local community based economic development, future commercialization, and restocking the depleted stocks in the wild.

In this regard, an experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different stocking densities on the growth, survival, and settlement of …

Influence Of Dietary Component Manipulation And Feed Management Strategies On Growth And Rumen Development Of Weaned Dairy Heifers, Tana Shea Dennis

Open Access Dissertations

Well-developed replacement heifers provide a central foundation for the continued success of the dairy industry. Emphasis on improving pre-weaned calf nutrition has predominated in the industry, but opportunities exist to improve post-weaning heifer nutrition and management. We aimed to evaluate common feed management strategies seen in the industry and their effects on growth, feed efficiency (G:F), and rumen development of calves from birth to 8 mo of age using pen- and individually-fed animal trials. Little information exists regarding post-weaning performance and rumen development of calves fed conventional or high planes of nutrition pre-weaning; therefore, we evaluated two milk replacer feeding …

Comparison Of A Powdered, Acidified Liquid, And Non-Acidified Liquid Human Milk Fortifier On Clinical Outcomes In Premature Infants., Melissa Thoene, Elizabeth R. Lyden, Kara Weishaar, Elizabeth Elliott, Ruomei Wu, Katelyn White, Hayley Timm, Ann Anderson-Berry

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

We previously compared infant outcomes between a powdered human milk fortifier (P-HMF) vs. acidified liquid HMF (AL-HMF). A non-acidified liquid HMF (NAL-HMF) is now commercially available. The purpose of this study is to compare growth and outcomes of premature infants receiving P-HMF, AL-HMF or NAL-HMF. An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved retrospective chart review compared infant outcomes (born < 2000 g) who received one of three HMF. Growth, enteral nutrition, laboratory and demographic data were compared. 120 infants were included (P-HMF = 46, AL-HMF = 23, NAL-HMF = 51). AL-HMF infants grew slower in g/day (median 23.66 vs. P-HMF 31.27, NAL-HMF 31.74 (p < 0.05)) and in g/kg/day, median 10.59 vs. 15.37, 14.03 (p < 0.0001). AL-HMF vs. NAL-HMF infants were smaller at 36 weeks gestational age (median 2046 vs. 2404 g, p < 0.05). However AL-HMF infants received more daily calories (p = 0.21) and protein (p < 0.0001), mean 129 cal/kg, 4.2 g protein/kg vs. P-HMF 117 cal/kg, 3.7 g protein/kg , NAL-HMF 120 cal/kg, 4.0 g protein/kg. AL-HMF infants exhibited lower carbon dioxide levels after day of life 14 and 30 (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0038). Three AL-HMF infants (13%) developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) vs. no infants in the remaining groups (p = 0.0056). A NAL-HMF is the most optimal choice for premature human milk-fed infants in a high acuity neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Biological Maturity And The Anthropometric, Physical And Technical Assessment Of Talent Identified U16 Australian Footballers.Pdf, Ashley Cripps, Christopher Joyce, Carl Woods, Luke Hopper

Ashley Cripps

Secreted Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Glycoprotein G Alters Thermal Pain Sensitivity By Modifying Ngf Effects On Trpv1, Jorge Rubén Cabrera, Abel Viejo-Borbolla, Antonio Alcamí, Francisco Wandosell

Dartmouth Scholarship

Genital herpes is a painful disease frequently caused by the neurotropic pathogen herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). We have recently shown that HSV-2-secreted glycoprotein G (SgG2) interacts with and modulates the activity of the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF). This interaction modifies the response of the NGF receptor TrkA, increasing NGF-dependent axonal growth. NGF is not only an axonal growth modulator but also an important mediator of pain and inflammation regulating the amount, localization, and activation of the thermal pain receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). In this work, we addressed whether SgG2 could contribute to HSV-2-induced pain. …

Characterization Of Rna Helicase Csha And Its Role In Protecting Mrnas And Small Rnas Of Staphylococcus Aureus Strain Newman, Samin Kim, Anna-Rita Corvaglia, Stefano Léo, Ambrose Cheung, Patrice Francois

Dartmouth Scholarship

The toxin MazF_sa in Staphylococcus aureus is a sequence-specific endoribonuclease that cleaves the majority of the mRNAs in vivo but spares many essential mRNAs (e.g., secY mRNA) and, surprisingly, an mRNA encoding a regulatory protein (i.e., sarA mRNA). We hypothesize that some mRNAs may be protected by RNA-binding protein(s) from degradation by MazF_sa. Using heparin-Sepharose-enriched fractions that hybridized to sarA mRNA on Northwestern blots, we identified among multiple proteins the DEAD box RNA helicase CshA (NWMN_1985 or SA1885) by mass spectroscopy. Purified CshA exhibits typical RNA helicase activities, as exemplified by RNA-dependent ATPase activity and unwinding of …

On The Intrinsic Accuracy And Precision Of The Standardised Growth Curve (Sgc) And Global-Sgc (Gsgc) Methods For Equivalent Dose Determination: A Simulation Study, Jun Peng, Vasilis Pagonis, Bo Li

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, the single aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) method has been used extensively for determining equivalent doses (De) in quartz. A variation of the SAR method is the “standardised growth curve” (SGC) method, which has been used as an efficient procedure to save measurement time during dating studies. During the application of the SGC method one establishes the SGC and calculation of the De of an aliquot requires only measurement of the standardised natural dose signal. Recently, a “global standardised growth curve” (gSGC) method was developed as an improved version of the SGC procedure. During the application …

Growth, Slaughter, And Carcass Characteristics Of Honamlı, Hair, And Honamlı X Hair (F1) Male Goat Kids Bred Under Extensive Conditions, Aykut Asim Akbaş, Mustafa Saatci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Growth and carcass characteristics of Honamlı, Hair, and Honamlı x Hair crossbred goat kids were investigated in this study. Seven kids, having live weights between 25 and 30 kg, were slaughtered. It was found that the live weights of Honamlı, Hair, and Honamlı x Hair kids were 3.90 kg and 27.50 kg, 3.04 kg and 16.91 kg, and 3.58 kg and 22.07 kg at birth and on the 120th day, respectively. Honamlı kids had higher body measurements, as well as birth and live weights, when compared to the other genotypes. While flocks had an important effect (P < 0.001) on all growth periods, the effect of dam age on body measurements was also significant (P > 0.05), except on …

Gross Responses And Apparent Ileal Digestibility Of Amino Acids And Minerals In Broiler Chicken Fed Vegetable-Based Starter Diets Supplemented With Microbial Enzymes, Mohammad Abul Hossain, Paul Ade Iji, Al-Farooq Mohammad Fakhrul Islam

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of diet and exogenous enzymes on growth responses and micronutrient digestibility of broilers. Day-old broilers (n = 256) were distributed into a 2 x 2 factorial design and were fed on two basal diets: soybean (T1) or canola (T2) meals as such, or supplemented with enzymes up to 21 days. Feed intake (FI) and live weight (LW) to 21 days on the T2 diet was higher (P < 0.001) than that on T1. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better (P < 0.01) on T1 than on T2 at 21 days. Enzymes generally improved (P < 0.001) FI, FCR, and LW. The digestibility of histidine was higher (P < 0.05) on T2, but lysine digestibility was higher (P < 0.01) on T1 at 21 days. Histidine, threonine, lysine, valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine digestibility was improved (P < 0.05) in the supplemented diets. Mineral digestibility was unaffected (P > 0.05) by diet, but enzymes increased (P < 0.05) digestibility of P, K, Mn, and Cu at 21 days. The digestibility of Cu, Zn, and Mg was higher (P < 0.05) on T2, whereas Ca digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) on the T1 diet. Broilers' growth responded positively to enzyme diets, probably due to improvement in nutrient digestibility.