Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Frequency Of Cerebrovascular Accidents And Brain Abscess In Childrens With Tetralogy Of Fallot Dr., Sommayya Aftab, Amir Usman, Tipu Sultan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the frequency of cerebrovascular accidents and brain abscess in children of Tetralogy of Fallot presented with neurological manifestations.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
It was a cross-sectional descriptive observational study done at the Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Neurology departments of The Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore from Dec 2009 to Nov 2010. A total 75 patients of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) up to the age of 15 years with neurological manifestation meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. CT brain with contrast was conducted in all patients to look for evidence of cerebrovascular accident …

Marburg Variant Of Multiple Sclerosis; A Diagnostic And Therapeutic Challenge, Sadia Imtiaz, Maimoona Siddiqui, Arsalan Ahmad Md

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Marburg variant of multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly aggressive, fulminant demyelinating disease with very high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and aggressive management is vital to limit severe disability and improve the outcome. We present a case of 35 years old male who presented with rapidly progressive demyelinating illness, leading to bed bound status over the course of a month. He was treated aggressively with intravenous (IV) steroids, plasma exchange (PLEX) and Mitoxantrone (MTX), leading to a remarkable recovery.

A Rare Case Of Simple Hereditary Recessive Optic Atrophy, Fazal M. Arain, Prem Chand, Tanveer A. Choudary

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Simple Autosomal Recessive Optic Atrophy (AROA) is a rare hereditary disorder that belongs to a group of disorders called Hereditary Optic Atrophy. Patients diagnosed with simple AROA have complete blindness since birth or from first few months of life. This blindness does not improve with age. However, no other organ or system is affected in this disorder. There is no known cause or gene mutation associated with it. Here we report a case of a two year old child diagnosed with simple AROA. Family history of the patient revealed that an older deceased relative also suffered from similar symptoms. Identification …

Encephalopathy With Behavioral And Psychiatric Features–Firstantibody Proven Case Of Anti-Nmda Receptor Encephalitis From Pakistan, Rabel Khalid Memon, Maimoona Siddiqui, Rizwanullah Khan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Background:
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is associated with psychiatric symptoms, memory disturbances, seizures, dyskinesia, and catatonia along with other constellation of symptoms. It is more common in females and usually associated with underlying ovarian teratoma. Treatment involves immunosuppression. This is the first antibody proven case from Pakistan.

Case Report:
A 16 year old girl with a short history of sore throat and no other prior illness, presented with 12 day history of behavioral changes (can you please describe some behavioral changes?) and seizures, followed by decreased responsiveness, involuntary limb movements and facial grimacing. She also had intermittent high grade fever …

Challenges In Certification And Credentialing Of Pakistani Physicians In Middle East, Abdul Malik

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

9th Annual Neurology Research Day 2015 Abstracts Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, The Primary Motor Neuron Disease, Jacob P. Naumann

The Downtown Review

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a degenerative neurological disease that damages nerve cells in the brain, in particular the neurons that are involved in voluntary muscle movements. Internationally the disorder is also known as Charcot’s disease and motor neuron disease. In the United States, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is often referred to as Lou Gehrig’s disease, motor neuron disease, and more colloquially ALS. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is the most prominent of the five motor neuron diseases, distinguishing itself from the others through degeneration of both upper motor neurons (UMN) and lower motor neurons (LMN) respectively. The “Father of neurology” Jean-Marie Charcot founded …

Novel Advances In Alzheimer's Disease, Jacob P. Naumann

The Downtown Review

Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia in adults, is a progressive degenerative neurological disease that affects memory, cognition, and behavior. Dr. Alois Alzheimer discovered and diagnosed the irreversible disease in 1906 after documenting the famous case of Auguste Deter.¹ Since the discovery of the disease, numerous advances have made it possible to not only better understand the causal factors, but also to improve the medical diagnosis and preventative measures that healthcare providers can implement. For the first time since 1984, the National Institute on Aging (NIAA) and the Alzheimer’s Association (AA) proposed and published new diagnostic guideline …

Psychiatric Diagnosis And Human Emotions, Riffat Moazam Zaman

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Journey Over Four Decades To Discover New Definitions Of Stroke And Tia For 21st Century: Are We Ready For The Change?, Muhammad Athar Javed

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Determination Of The Factors Leading To Noncompliance With Antiepileptic Drug, Abdul Haz, Naila Naeem Shahbaz, Jai Perkash, Muslim Ali Lakhair

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Background:
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder or group of chronic disorder in which the indispensable feature is recurrence of seizures that are typically unprovoked and usually unpredictable. It is well established that non-adherence to antiepileptic drugs may lead to a loss of seizure control. Negative outcomes that may be associated with a loss of seizure control include: injury, increase hospitalizations, and decrease in productivity. All of these contribute to increased direct and indirect healthcare costs related to epilepsy.

Objective:
To determine factors leading to noncompliance with antiepileptic drugs in patients attending a tertiary care hospital.

Methods & Results:
In the …

Post Stroke Dementia And Its Putative Risk Factors: A Hospital - Based Study, Iranmanesh F, Sheykholeslami Nz, Rahimdel A, Gadari F, Vazirinajad R, Syedyazdi F

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Introduction:
Dementia is common after stroke and has a considerable impact on mortality, rehabilitation and quality of life. There are some published articles regarding post stroke dementia but there are many controversies surrounding this topic. Our aim was to identify the prevalence of post stroke dementia 3 months after stroke and evaluation of some its putative risk factors in Iranian population.

Method:
In this cross-sectional study, 151 patients with acute stroke were evaluated. The diagnosis was confirmed by physical examination and neuroimaging. Three months after the stroke, all patients were visited again. The diagnosis of post stroke dementia was made …

Under Recognized Entity: Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy With Lupus, Ali Zohair Nomani, Haris Majid Rajput, Rao Sohail Yasin Khan, Mansoor Iqbal, Zakir Jan, Uzma Jamil, Mazhar Badshah, Muhammad Irshad

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired, autoimmune peripheral neuropathy. It has an insidious disease progression resulting in a debilitating illness. It is a well known neurological disorder. The causative factors are elucidating and it is generally considered idiopathic. However, its’ associations with various systemic disorders is well established albeit under recognized, especially with lupus as evident by few of the case reports/ series published in the recent past. The aim of this report is to highlight this neglected but important aspect of clinical neurology in common practice.

Eight – And - Half Syndrome: A Rare Neuro-Ophthalmic Syndrome “Possible Nine Syndrome”, Muslim Ali Lakhiar, Shaheen Ahmed Mughal

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

“Eight-and-half” syndrome is “one-and-a-half” syndrome characterized by conjugated horizontal gaze palsy and internuclearopthalmoplegia plus ipsilateral fascicular seventh nerve palsy. We report a case of 50 year old woman who presented with right eight and half syndrome together with contralateral hemiparesis and hemihypesthesia. Non contrast CT scan brain showed hyperdensesignal on right pontine region. MRI brain plain revealed hemorrhagicpontinetegmentuminfarction as well as corticospinal tract and medial meniscus. This spectrum of presentation suggests a possible “Nine syndrome” as a novel neuropthalmicpontine syndrome. The first of its kind ever reported from Pakistan

A 2 ½ Years Old Boy With Squint And Speech Loss, Shaila Ali, Zia Ur Rehman, Tipu Sultan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Tuberculosis of central nervous system is not uncommon in children of developing countries. Tuberculomaswere initially misdiagnosed due to lack of radiological expertise, un availability of CT scans and MRI. For early diagnosis and treatment, they should be kept in differential of space occupying lesions.We had a 2 ½ years old patient had fever, squint, aphasia and loss of motor milestones. On examination he was a malnourished child with right sided hypertonia and involvement of 9th and 10th cranial nerves with hepatospleenomegaly. His CRP was raised and CXRshowed B/L milliary shadowing which helped us to find out the primary focus leading …

Spectrum Of Neuromuscular Injuries In Victims Of Bomb Blasts, Dureshahwar Kanwar, Ambreen Iqrar, Zaitoon Shivji, Sara Khan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Introduction:
Bomb blast (BB) injuries outside war zones were a rare phenomenon until recently. With the spreading wave of terrorism across the globe, BB related trauma is resurfacing. Explosions can produce unique patterns of neuromuscular injury. No recent data exists categorizing such injuries.

Methods:
Medical records and electrodiagnostic findings of 20 patients with BB related neuromuscular injuries (NMI) were reviewed retrospectively.

Results:
Most common site of injury was the lower extremities (55%) with majority presenting clinically with foot drop (40%) or weakness (30%). 9/17 patients (45%) had associated shrapnel or penetrating trauma. 6/20 patients had associated fractures. The most …

An Ode To Neurology, Marina Wazir

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

The Land Of Opportunities For Research On Rare Genetic Neurological Disorders, Muhammad Ulusyar Khan, Fazal M. Arain

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

Restless Legs Syndrome In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Shaista A. Siddiqi, Javeria Rauf, Anita Haroon, Bilal Ahmed, Saera Suhail Kidwai, Lubna Nazir

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Objective:
To determine the frequency of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Design and Methods:
It was single centered, cross-sectional study done with convenient sampling. The study population comprised 174 subjects (120 diabetics and 54 non-diabetics). Participants were recruited from the Diabetes clinic of Jinnah Medical College Hospital, Karachi. The relevant clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained by clinical history and chart review. Multivariable logistic regression was done to identify the factors of RLS among diabetics.

Results:
Using the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria, RLS was identified only in …

National Guidelines For Diagnosis And Management Of Parkinson’S Disease In Pakistan, Nadir A Syed, Farwa Ali, Khalid Sher, Amer Ikram, Bashir Soomro, Naila Shahbaz, Mughis Sheerani, Sarwar Jamil, Ahsan Numan, Manzoor Lakhair, Irshad Awan, Saleem Barech, Haroon Basheer

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

No abstract provided.

In A Right State Of Mind: An Analysis Of Cognitive And Linguistic Function Following A Rare Case Of Atypical Language Dominance In Aphasia, Emily Manton

Undergraduate Review

As the foundation for effective communication, the power of the human brain to create and execute language derives from the ability of its structural components to remain intact. Extensive research has found that in 97% of people worldwide, language is typically carried out by the left hemisphere of the brain. Research for lesions in this area therefore, have been well documented. For the 3% of individuals who fall in the category of "atypical cerebral dominance" however, there is little in the available literature. Therefore, this empirical prospective case study sought to document the cognitive and linguistic functions of a 59 …