Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Evidence Use In New York City Public Health Policymaking, Miriam J. Laugesen, Kimberley R. Isett

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

New York City Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg has attracted national attention for his public health policy reforms. The policy process behind the reform program has received less scrutiny, especially the use of research by policymakers. We show that the process used to develop, promote, and evaluate polices is heavily based on five types of data and research. New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene staff conducted in-depth appraisals of existing published research, used local health surveys and private laboratory surveillance data, engaged in “shoe-leather” field research, formed research collaborations within and outside government, and disseminated research to legitimize policy …

The Impact Of Companion Animals On Social Capital And Community Violence: Setting Research, Policy And Program Agendas, Phil Arkow

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The term social capital has been used to describe the networks and other forces that build social cohesion, personal investment, reciprocity, civic engagement, and interpersonal trust among residents in a community. With the exception of three Australian reports describing positive associations between companion animal ownership and social capital, the literature has neglected to include the presence or absence of companion animal residents of communities as factors that could potentially affect social capital and serve as protective factors for community well-being. Companion animals are present in significantly large numbers in most communities, where they have considerable economic impact and provide emotional …

Homelessness Research: Shaping Policy And Practice, Now And Into The Future, Dennis P. Culhane, Vince R. Kane, Mark Johnston

Dennis P. Culhane

Cyberbullying: The Public School Response, Charles Waggoner

Administrative Issues Journal

This paper explores the consent process in relation to academic, scientific research. Consent is a human right given to each research participant. The participant’s autonomy should be supported and encouraged when obtaining informed consent. This paper reviews current literature and discusses the development of this right, in addition to the manner in which scientific researchers should uphold it.

Differential Dna Methylation In Umbilical Cord Blood Of Infants Exposed To Low Levels Of Arsenic In Utero, Devin C. Koestler, Michele Avissar-Whiting, E. Andres Houseman, Margaret R. Karagas, Carmen J. Marsit

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: There is increasing epidemiologic evidence that arsenic exposure in utero, even at low levels found throughout much of the world, is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and may contribute to long-term health effects. Animal models, in vitro studies, and human cancer data suggest that arsenic may induce epigenetic alterations, specifically by altering patterns of DNA methylation.

Objectives: In this study we aimed to identify differences in DNA methylation in cord blood samples of infants with in utero, low-level arsenic exposure.

Methods: DNA methylation of cord-blood derived DNA from 134 infants involved in a prospective birth cohort in …

Development Of A Clinician-Led Research Agenda For General Practice Nurses, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Louise Hickman

Elizabeth Jane Halcomb Professor

Objective: This study sought to identify and prioritise research issues as perceived by Australian general practice nurses. In this context, a research priority refers to the most pressing research problems that necessitate exploration to improve clinical practice. Design: This paper reports the findings of a two-round Delphi study. Initially, focus groups identified research issues. Subsequently, an online survey facilitated ranking of these issues on a 5-point Likert scale. Setting: Australian general practices. Subjects: Twenty-five practice nurses participated in the focus groups and 145 practice nurses responded to an online survey. Main outcome measure(s): The main outcome measure was the prioritisation …

Division Of Reproductive Science Research, Baoli Yang

Baoli Yang

The Reproductive Science Research Division in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology was established in 2009 and consists of four full time research faculty members and eight faculty members with joint appointment with other divisions in the department. Members in the Research Division conducted research in diverse areas of basic reproductive research.

"Ice Is Crazy But If You Just Smoke A Bit Of Dope It's Not That Bad": Formative Research For A Drug-Driving Social Marketing Campaign In The Act, Sandra C. Jones, Elizabeth M. Wiese, Lance R. Barrie

Sandra Jones

Road traffic accidents are one of the two leading specific causes of disease and injury burden in people aged 15-24 years. There are a number of factors that have been found to be associated with motor vehicle accidents and fatalities some of which (e.g., speeding and drink-driving) have been heavily targeted by social marketing campaigns and legislative actions. Drug driving has been found to be associated with motor vehicle accidents, particularly among younger drivers, but the potential for social marketing in this area has received little attention. This paper reports on a qualitative study designed to examine young drivers knowledge …

The Effect Of Visual Suggestion On Exercise Motivation And Outcomes, Thomas G. Plante, Ashley Morisako, Justine Folk, Elizabeth Kay, Caroline Read, Ashley Dunn, Angel Perez, Eleanor Willemsen

Psychology

Theories of suggestion and motivation were used to examine if college students exercising in an environment with low or high motivation posters would affect mood, perceived exertion, and exercise workload (i.e., RPM and speed). A total of 134 students (62 males, 72 females) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions while exercising: relaxing posters (i.e., tropical nature), motivational posters (i.e., competitive bikers), or no posters (i.e., control). Participants completed 20 minutes of exercise at their own pace. Measures of mood were taken immediately prior to and following exercise. Exercise workload was recorded throughout. Results indicate that participants in the …

Optimizing The Value Of Public Health Services: Lessons From Research & Practice, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Expanding the delivery of efficacious public health programs and policies holds considerable potential for improving population health and constraining the growth in health care spending. Achieving such expansions efficiently, particularly in low-resource settings, requires careful attention to interorganizational and intergovernmental relationships in public health delivery.

A Discourse On The Public Nature Of Research In Contemporary Life Science: A Law-Policy Proposal To Promote The Public Nature Of Science In An Era Of Academia-Industry Integration, Michael J. Malinowski

Michael J. Malinowski

This article addresses the impact of integration of academia, industry, and government on the public nature of research. The article concludes that, while the integration has benefited science immensely, regulatory measures should be taken to restore the public nature of research in an age of integration.

Game Change: What Have We Learned? Pt. 2, Robert E. Lang, Sonya D. Horsford, Marya L. Shegog, Ramona Denby-Brinson, Fatma Nasoz

Brookings Scholar Lecture Series

Share Knowledge. Change Lives. Transform our Community.

Our Mission: The Lincy Institute at UNLV conducts and supports research that focuses on improving Nevada's health, education, and social services.

Our Research Areas: Education, Health, Social Services, Information Technology

Proceedings - Wright State University Boonshoft School Of Medicine Fifth Annual Medical Student Research Symposium: Celebrating Medical Student Scholarship, Office Of Research Affairs, Boonshoft School Of Medicine

Medical Student Research Symposium Proceedings

The student abstract booklet is a compilation of abstracts from students' oral and poster presentations at Wright State University's Fifth Annual Boonshoft School of Medicine Medical Student Research Symposium held on April 4, 2013.

Reductions In Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, And Respiratory Mortality Following The National Irish Smoking Ban: Interruped Time-Series Analysis, Sericea Stallings-Smith, Ariana Zeka, Patrick J. Goodman, Zubair Kabir, Luke Clancy

Articles

Background:

Previous studies have shown decreases in cardiovascular mortality following the implementation of comprehensive smoking bans. It is not known whether cerebrovascular or respiratory mortality decreases post-ban. On March 29, 2004, the Republic of Ireland became the first country in the world to implement a national workplace smoking ban. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of this policy on all-cause and cause-specific, non-trauma mortality.

Methods:

A time-series epidemiologic assessment was conducted, utilizing Poisson regression to examine weekly age and gender-standardized rates for 215,878 non-trauma deaths in the Irish population, ages $35 years. The study period was …

Perceptions Of Clinical Research Coordinators About The Quality Of Monitoring And Major Failings/Concerns In The Monitoring Process, Praveen Krishna Movva

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The primary goals of clinical research monitoring are to assure adequate protection of the rights of human subjects, and the safety of all subjects involved in clinical investigations or clinical trials, and the quality and integrity of the data generated from clinical trials. Adequate monitoring of clinical trials can prevent the occurrence of significant problems, which may affect the entire process of bringing a new drug to market. The proper monitoring of clinical trials is a challenge. In spite of well established regulations and guidance, there remain many monitoring related concerns in clinical trials (e.g. protocol deviations and violations, IRB …

Physician Satisfaction With Informed Consent Process In Psychiatric Research, Sushma Polavarapu

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Informed consent process is crucial in any research. The consent is meaningful only when the subject is capable of using disclosed information in deciding whether to participate in a research study. Decision-making capacity might change in psychiatric patients during the informed consent process. Therefore, there may be some elements which are neglected during the informed consent process in psychiatric research. The purpose of this research study was to determine the perceptions of physicians about what elements of informed consent might be neglected in psychiatric research and what additional elements might be included that would improve the informed consent process for …

Untitled, Richard S. Koch

Koch Collection, Papers of Richard S Koch, DO

Conclsions and suggested research projects.

Intergrative Review Of Palliative Care In End Stage Heart Failure, Joyce K. Kutin

Joyce K Kutin RN, MSN, MOL

The aim of this integrative literature review is to explore and discuss palliative care placement within the trajectory of heart failure in the end stage process. After an extensive search through 200 peer-reviewed studies published from 2009-2013 in the following databases: CINAHL, Academic Search Elite, Health Source Consumer Source Edition, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MEDLINE, Academic Collection (EBSCOhost), seven articles meeting the constraints were chosen.. Common themes of these studies concern symptom management, medication administration, and decision-making tools for assessing patient centered needs and future research regarding effective implementation of palliative care integration in end stage heart failure patients. Nurses …

Developing Human Capital For Successful Implementation Of International Marine Scientific Research Projects, R J. Morrison, Jing Zhang, E R. Urban, J Hall, V Ittekkot, B Avril, L Hu, G H. Hong, S Kidwai, C B. Lange, V Lobanov, J Machiwa, M L. San Diego-Mcglone, T Oguz, F G. Plumley, T Yeemin, W Zhu, F Zuo

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The oceans play a crucial role in the global environment and the sustainability of human populations, because of their involvement in climate regulation and provision of living and non-living resources to humans. Maintenance of healthy oceans in an era of increasing human pressure requires a high-level understanding of the processes occurring in the marine environment and the impacts of anthropogenic activities. Effective protection and sustainable resource management must be based, in part, on knowledge derived from successful research. Current marine research activities are being limited by a need for high-quality researchers capable of addressing critical issues in broad multidisciplinary research …

Enhancing Communication Between Scientists, Government Officials, And The Lay Public: Advancing Science And Protecting The Public's Welfare Through Better Multi-Stakeholder Interfacing, Clark J. Lee, Patrick P. Rose, Earl Stoddard Iii

Homeland Security Publications

No abstract provided.

Comment On "Accordion Vs. Quantum Tectonics: Insights Into Continental Growth Processes From The Paleozoic Of Eastern Gondwana" By Jonathan C. Aitchison, Solomon Buckman Gondwana Research, Volume 22, Issue 2, September 2012, Pages 674-680, C L. Fergusson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In regard to the tectonic history of the Lachlan Fold Belt, Aitchison and Buckman (2012) argued that "numerous aspects of the observed geology appear to be incompatible with the existing model" and that an "alternative model envisages arc-continent collision events (quantum tectonics) as a primary means of large-scale continental growth". My purpose is to challenge these arguments and to question their interpretation that rapid continental growth in the Lachlan Fold Belt has been achieved by thrusting of an island arc over a passive margin.

Mental Health Research Projects: A Practical Integration Of Mental Health Into A Medical Curriculum, Judy Mullan, K M. Weston, P L. Mclennan, W C. Rich, N B. Pani

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of a paper presented at the 65th Annual National Conference of Indian Psychiatric Society, Bangalor, 10-13 Jan, 2013. Aims aJld Objectives: The University of Wollongong (UoW) graduate-entry medical course embeds research and critical analysis within the curriculum, concluding with students undertaking a regional/ nlrsl conmlUnity-based ro earch project. Students are encouraged to design a research project of interest to them and the local community. T.his Indy analyzed whether conducting research projects enhanced learning/understanding about rural/regional mental health issues amongst UoW medical students.

From Research To Policy In Chronic Disease Prevention: Mandatory Salt Reduction In South Africa, K Charlton, K Steyn, N Levitt, C Lombard

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of a poster that presented at 20th International Congress of Nutrition, Granada, Spain, September 15-20, 2013.

An Objective Index Of Walkability For Research And Planning In The Sydney Metropolitan Region Of New South Wales, Australia: An Ecological Study, Darren J. Mayne, Geoffrey Morgan, Alan Willmore, Nectarios Rose, Bin Jalaludin, Hilary Bambrick, Adrian Bauman

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Background: Walkability describes the capacity of the built environment to support walking for various purposes. This paper describes the construction and validation of two objective walkability indexes for Sydney, Australia.

Methods: Walkability indexes using residential density, intersection density, land use mix, with and without retail floor area ratio were calculated for 5,858 Sydney Census Collection Districts in a geographical information system. Associations between variables were evaluated using Spearman’s rho (ρ). Internal consistency and factor structure of indexes were estimated with Cronbach’s alpha and principal components analysis; convergent and predictive validity were measured using weighted kappa (κw) and by comparison with …

The First Ten Years: A Descriptive Analysis Of Presentation Abstracts Of The Sso: Usa, 2002 To 2011, Amanda Schneider

Online Theses and Dissertations

This mixed methods study of the first ten years of presentations at the Society for the Study of Occupation: USA (SSO: USA) yields important information about the development of occupational science as a disciplinary body of knowledge. A descriptive, quantitative analysis of the abstracts of peer-reviewed presentations at the first ten annual meetings of the SSO:USA was separately and then collaboratively completed by a group of three researchers. This ten-year study used descriptive statistics with an ex-post facto design to portray research trends in occupational science over the first ten years of the Society. Implications of the study for the …