Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction With Blood-Brain Barrier Hyperpermeability Contributes To Major Depressive Disorder: A Review Of Clinical And Experimental Evidence, Souhel Najjar, Daniel M. Pearlman, Orrin Devinsky, Amanda Najjar, David Zagzag

Dartmouth Scholarship

About one-third of people with major depressive disorder (MDD) fail at least two antidepressant drug trials at 1 year. Together with clinical and experimental evidence indicating that the pathophysiology of MDD is multifactorial, this observation underscores the importance of elucidating mechanisms beyond monoaminergic dysregulation that can contribute to the genesis and persistence of MDD. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are mechanistically linked to the presence of neurovascular dysfunction with blood-brain barrier (BBB) hyperpermeability in selected neurological disorders, such as stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. In contrast to other major psychiatric disorders, MDD is frequently comorbid with …

Multiple Sclerosis, Physical Therapy, And Quality Of Life Insights, Claire Simon

Sound Neuroscience: An Undergraduate Neuroscience Journal

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive and irreversible neurological disease. Current medications and therapies only help alleviate symptoms, but physical therapy (PT) can be a promising treatment option for MS patients to increase quality of life. Observations of on-site PT sessions at the University of Puget Sound and interviews with MS patients provide further evidence for the unique benefits of PT for treating disease and improving quality of life.

The Effects Of Multiple Sclerosis On Perceived Parenting Roles And Adolescent Coping, Alyssa Coundourides, Kendra Host, Elizabeth Rexroat

Adult

This research project focused on the effects of parental multiple sclerosis (MS) upon parenting roles and family coping. Specifically, the study was implemented to acquire insight into the primary research question: How do parents perceive familial role changes resulting from MS to impact coping of their adolescent children? The study also investigated the role of occupational therapy in assisting parents with MS to facilitate coping in their adolescent children. These concepts were investigated though a mixed methods design, using the Role Checklist to quantitatively assess participants’ roles and values, and a focus group to qualitatively explore participants’ lived experiences of …

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Iron In Early Multiple Sclerosis At 3 Tesla, Matthew P. Quinn

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disease in young Canadians, yet its etiology remains obscure. Two possibly related findings in MS are brain iron deposition and the presence of small veins in white matter lesions. This thesis concerns the development and application of 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging tools to image iron and veins in early multiple sclerosis.

To facilitate measurements of iron concentration as well as production of cerebral venograms, we first optimized multi-echo susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), using numerical simulations and input from physicians. We validated measurements of R2*, an MRI parameter that scales linearly with …

Pain Management And Menopausal Health Outcomes In Multiple Sclerosis, Rachel Jawahar

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Previous studies have addressed multiple sclerosis (MS) symptom management and improved health-related quality of life (HrQOL). Yet lowered estrogen levels in post-menopasual women with MS may further worsen physical function and symptomology and not all types of pain management have been examined. Objectives: For post-menopausal women with MS, we evaluated the extent to which smoking is associated with worsened health outcomes and HrQOL, and the extent to which menopausal hormone treatment (MHT) improves health outcomes and HrQOL. For all adult men and women with clinically diagnosed MS, we systematically reviewed pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for the reduction of pain. …

Headache In Multiple Sclerosis, Mi̇ne Hayri̇ye Sorgun, Canan Yücesan, Yasemi̇n Genç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) can cause almost any neurological symptom, headaches are considered unusual. Studies investigating the relationship between the 2 conditions have produced conflicting results. The primary aim of this study was to test whether there was a difference between patients with MS (Group 1) and the control group (Group 2, patients with psoriasis and myasthenia gravis, diseases not affecting the central nervous system) in terms of the prevalence and types of primary headache. Materials and methods: A total of 139 patients with MS and 59 patients in the control group were included. The patients underwent a complete neurological …

The Origin, Regulation, And Function Of Tbet In Effector Cd4 T Cells During Chronic Autoimmune Disease, Wen-I Yeh

All ETDs from UAB

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease resulting from aberrant immune cells causing demyelination. We utilize the well-studied mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), to decipher the underlying pathogenesis of MS. Effector CD4 T-cells play a critical role during EAE because the disease is induced by adoptively transferring myelin-specific CD4 T-cells into naïve mice. Classically, effector CD4 T-cells have been divided into distinct subsets based on their functional properties: Th1 cells produce IFNγ, Th2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, Th17 cells make IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22, and regulatory T cells produce IL-10. Th1 cells were originally identified as …