Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

In Reply, Monica H. Swahn, Meltem Alemdar, Daniel J. Whitaker

Public Health Faculty Publications

A reply to a letter to the editor regarding their article:

Swahn MH, Alemdar M, Whitaker DJ. 2009. Nonreciprocal and Reciprocal Dating Violence and Injury Occurrence Among Urban Youth. The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 11(3):264-268.

Rotary/Usaid Alliance: Monitoring And Evaluation Plan For Allianza Agua Segura Para Los Niños (Safe Water For Children), Christine E. Stauber

Public Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Review Of Writing And Publishing: The Librarian’S Handbook. Edited By Carol Smallwood., Sharon Leslie

University Library Faculty Publications

This is a book review of Writing and Publishing: The Librarian’s Handbook, edited by Carol Smallwood

Review Of Understanding Healthcare Information By Lyn Robinson, Sharon Leslie

University Library Faculty Publications

This is a review of Understanding Healthcare Information by Lyn Robinson

Nonreciprocal And Reciprocal Dating Violence And Injury Occurrence Among Urban Youth, Monica Swahn, Meltem Alemdar, Daniel J. Whitaker

Public Health Faculty Publications

Objective: Dating violence is a significant health problem among youth that leads to adverse health outcomes, including injuries. Reciprocal violence (perpetrated by both partners) is associated with increased injury in adults, but very little is known about the prevalence and context for reciprocal violence, as well as injury rates, among youth. We sought to determine the prevalence and scope of reciprocal dating violence and injury occurrence among urban youth in a high-risk community.

Methods: Analyses were based on data from the Youth Violence Survey, conducted in 2004, and administered to over 80% of public school students in grades 7, 9, …

The Emory Center For Injury Control: Vision And Priorities For Reducing Violence And Injuries Through Interdisciplinary Collaborations, Debra Houry, Abigail Hankin, Monica H. Swahn

Public Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Children At Risk For Suicide Attempt And Attempt-Related Injuries: Findings From The 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, Bethany A. West, Monica H. Swahn, Frances Mccarty

Public Health Faculty Publications

Purpose: The current study examines the associations between a range of risk factors and reports of suicide attempts and attempts requiring medical care in a nationally representative study of high school students. The goal is to examine sex differences in the risk factors associated with suicide attempts and attempt-related injuries requiring treatment by a health-care provider.

Methods: We used data from the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey for students in grades 9-12 to assess the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal behavior, as well as differences in these for boys and girls. Cross-sectional multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed to …

Changes In The Viral Distribution Pattern After The Appearance Of He Novel Influenza A H1n1 (Ph1n1) Virus In Influenza-Like Illness Patients In Peru, Gerardo Chowell, Victor Alberto Laguna-Torres, Jorge Gomez, Patricia V. Aguilar, Julia Ampuero, C V. Munayco, Victor Ocana, Juan Perez, Maria Gamero, Juan Arrasco, Irmia Paz, Edward Chavez, Rollin Cruz, Jaime Chavez, Silvia Mendocilla, Elizabeth Gomez, Juana Antigoni, Sofia Gonzalez, Cesar Tejada, Tadeusz Kochel

Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: We describe the temporal variation in viral agents detected in influenza like illness (ILI) patients before and after the appearance of the ongoing pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) in Peru between 4-January and 13-July 2009. Methods: At the health centers, one oropharyngeal swab was obtained for viral isolation. From epidemiological week (EW) 1 to 18, at the US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment (NMRCD) in Lima, the specimens were inoculated into four cell lines for virus isolation. In addition, from EW 19 to 28, the specimens were also analyzed by real time-polymerase-chainreaction (rRT-PCR).

Results: We enrolled 2,872 patients: 1,422 …

Neuronbank: A Tool For Cataloging Neuronal Circuitry, Paul S. Katz, Robert Calin-Jageman, Akshaye Dhawan, Chad Frederick, Shuman Guo, Rasanjalee Dissanayaka, Naveen Hiremath, Wenjun Ma, Xiuyn Shen, Hsui C. Wang, Hong Yang, Sushil Prasad, Rajshekhar Sunderraman, Ying Zhu

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The basic unit of any nervous system is the neuron. Therefore, understanding the operation of nervous systems ultimately requires an inventory of their constituent neurons and synaptic connectivity, which form neural circuits. The presence of uniquely identifi able neurons or classes of neurons in many invertebrates has facilitated the construction of cellular-level connectivity diagrams that can be generalized across individuals within a species. Homologous neurons can also be recognized across species. Here we describe NeuronBank.org, a web-based tool that we are developing for cataloging, searching, and analyzing neuronal circuitry within and across species. Information from a single species is represented …

Estrogen Regulates Estrogen Receptors And Antioxidant Gene Expression In Mouse Skeletal Muscle, Kristen A. Baltgalvis, Sarah M. Greising, Gordon L. Warren, Dawn A. Lowe

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Estrogens are associated with the loss of skeletal muscle strength in women with age. Ovarian hormone removal by ovariectomy in mice leads to a loss of muscle strength, which is reversed with 17β-estradiol replacement. Aging is also associated with an increase in antioxidant stress, and estrogens can improve antioxidant status via their interaction with estrogen receptors (ER) to regulate antioxidant gene expression. The purpose of this study was to determine if ER and antioxidant gene expression in skeletal muscle are responsive to changes in circulating estradiol, and if ERs regulate antioxidant gene expression in this tissue.

Methodology/Principal Findings: Adult …

Review Of Creating The Customer-Driven Academic Library By Jeannette Woodward, Sharon Leslie

University Library Faculty Publications

Review of Creating the Customer-Driven Academic Library by Jeannette Woodward

North Carolina Hispanic Farmworkers And Intestinal Parasitism: A Pilot Study Of Prevalence And Health-Related Practices,And Potential Means Of Foodborne Transmission, Mindi Russell, Maria Correa, Christine E. Stauber, Julie Case

Public Health Faculty Publications

Migrant and seasonal farmworkers provide much of the necessary labor to harvest and process agricultural commodities desired by consumers. Little is known about the health status (especially the parasitic burden) of farm laborers, who handpick agricultural items such as fruits and vegetables, despite being implicated as a means of foodborne pathogen transmission. The goal of this research was to develop a framework to investigate enteric parasitic infections among Hispanic farmworkers in Eastern North Carolina. Seventy-one interviews were conducted, 16 stool samples were collected, and two parasite-positive workers were found. In addition, some potentially harmful health practices (e.g., self-medication) were identified. …

Impact Of Vital Signs Screening & Clinician Prompting On Alcohol And Tobacco Screening And Intervention Rates: A Pre-Post Intervention Comparison, J. Paul Seale, Sylvia Shellenberger, Mary M. Velasquez, John M. Boltri, Ike S. Okosun Ms, Mph, Phd, Frsph, Monique Guyinn, Dan Vinson, Monica Cornelius, J. Aaron Johnson

Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: Though screening and intervention for alcohol and tobacco misuse are effective, primary care screening and intervention rates remain low. Previous studies have increased intervention rates using vital signs screening for tobacco misuse and clinician prompts for screen-positive patients for both alcohol and tobacco misuse. This pilot study’s aims were: (1) To determine the feasibility of combined vital signs screening for tobacco and alcohol misuse, (2) To assess the impact of vital signs screening on alcohol and tobacco screening and intervention rates, and (3) To assess the additional impact of tobacco assessment prompts on intervention rates.

Methods: In …

An Examination Of The Relationship Between Levels Of Drinking Water Quality Indicators And The Occurrence Of Self-Reported Diarrheal Disease: A Five-Month Prospective Cohort Study In The Dominican Republic, 2005-2006., Shannon M. Kraft, Christine E. Stauber, Gloria M. Ortiz, Mark Sobsey

Public Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

An Examination Of Household Drinking Water Storage And Management Practices In Bonao, Dominican Republic From September 2005-January 2006., Kathryn Holt, Christine E. Stauber, Gloria M. Ortiz, Mark Sobsey

Public Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Improving Household Drinking Water Quality: Use Of Biosand Filter In Cambodia, Kaida Liang, Mark Sobsey, Christine E. Stauber

Public Health Faculty Publications

The BSF is a robust water treatment technology for use in rural Cambodian households, capable of effective removal of bacteria, and significant reduction of diarrheal disease. BSF performance is comparable to other recommended household water treatment interventions.

Simulación Del Nivel De Eliminación De Sarampión Y Rubéola Según La Estratificación E Interacción Social (Simulating Measles And Rubella Elimination Levels According To Social Stratification And Interaction), Doracelly Hincapié-Palacio, Juan Ospina-Giraldo, Rubén D. Gómez-Arias, Anthony Uyi-Afuwape, Gerardo Chowell

Public Health Faculty Publications

Objetivo: Comparar el nivel de eliminación de enfermedades como sarampión y rubéola en población homogénea y heterogénea según la existencia de estratos sociales con interacción entre individuos de estrato social alto y bajo y diversidad en el número promedio de contactos entre ellos.

Métodos: Simulaciones del ritmo reproductivo efectivo, derivado de un modelo matemático tipo SIR (Susceptibles Infectados Recuperados), según diferentes ritmos de inmunidad. Se utilizaron datos de incidencia de sarampión (1980 y 2005) y rubéola (1998 y 2005) de América Latina y el Caribe. Se analizó la interacción entre individuos del estrato social alto y bajo con diferente número …

Age-Adjusted Us Cancer Death Rate Predictions, Matt Hayat, Ram C. Tiwari, Kaushik Ghosh, Mark Hachey, Ben Hankey, Rocky Feuer

Public Health Faculty Publications

The likelihood of developing cancer during one's lifetime is
approximately one in two for men and one in three for women in the
United States. Cancer is the second-leading cause of death and
accounts for one in every four deaths. Evidence-based policy
planning and decision making by cancer researchers and public health
administrators are best accomplished with up-to-date age-adjusted
site-specific cancer death rates. Because of the 3-year lag in
reporting, forecasting methodology is employed here to estimate the
current year's rates based on complete observed death data up
through three years prior to the current year. The authors expand
the …

Perspectives Emerging From Neuroscience On Why People Become Addicted And What To Do About It, Jill Littrell

SW Publications

This paper reviews the new ideas emerging from neuroscience regarding the question of why some people are compelled to use drugs. During the process of drug exposure, the brain’s motivational system is changed in ways that co-opts the individual’s motivational system. Changes in the brain’s motivational structures along with changes in the brain’s self-regulatory structures compel an individual to drug use. Ways to reverse those changes in an addicted brain have been identified, as have ways to enhance self-regulatory control. The information from neuroscience offers a new perspective on “loss of control” as well as offering implications for treatment.

Methods Of Competing Risks Analysis Of End-Stage Renal Disease And Mortality Among People With Diabetes, Hyun J. Lim, Xu Zhang, Roland Dyck, Nathaniel Osgood

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Background: When a patient experiences an event other than the one of interest in the study, usually the probability of experiencing the event of interest is altered. By contrast, disease-free survival time analysis by standard methods, such as the Kaplan-Meier method and the standard Cox model, does not distinguish different causes in the presence of competing risks. Alternative approaches use the cumulative incidence estimator by the Cox models on cause-specific and on subdistribution hazards models. We applied cause-specific and subdistribution hazards models to a diabetes dataset with two competing risks (end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death without ESRD) to measure …

From Admission To Graduation: The Impact Of Gender On Student Academic Success In Respiratory Therapy Education, Arzu Ari, Orcin Telli Atalay, Essam Ali Aljamhan

Respiratory Therapy Faculty Publications

Despite research in other allied health professions and medicine, the influence of gender on student performance in respiratory therapy (RT) academic programs and on the National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC) examinations is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the impact of gender on student academic performance from admission to graduation and to determine whether gender differences affected student success on the NBRC examinations. This study consisted of a retrospective analysis of 91 female and 22 male graduates at a southeastern U.S. university between 2003 and 2007. The variables of academic success included the students' entering …