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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Team Errors In Air Traffic Control: Analysis Based On Voluntary Reports, Renli Lu, Yan Zhou, Mu Zhou
Team Errors In Air Traffic Control: Analysis Based On Voluntary Reports, Renli Lu, Yan Zhou, Mu Zhou
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
By using the framework of team errors taxonomy(Sasou & Reason, 1999）and Threat and Error Management (TEM), operation errors reported in the ATC voluntary safety report system are analysed. Team errors have been proved in this research as a main risk source of ATC, a sophisticated social-technical system. Team errors contributing to 31% of the total reporting ATC errors. According to the results of sample statistics and analysis of typical cases of team errors, the main types and distributions of ATC team errors have been identified, as well as the framework and importance of sequencing of the team PSFs （Performance Shaping …
Development Of Proactive Safety Management System For Industrial Fields Based On The Framework Of Aviation Safety Reporting System, Capt. Akira Ishibahsi, Daisuke Karikawa, Toshio Wakabayashi, Makoto Takahashi, Masaharu Kitamura
Development Of Proactive Safety Management System For Industrial Fields Based On The Framework Of Aviation Safety Reporting System, Capt. Akira Ishibahsi, Daisuke Karikawa, Toshio Wakabayashi, Makoto Takahashi, Masaharu Kitamura
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
The safety reporting system such as the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) draws attention from various industrial fields as an effective safety management method to prevent further accidents. However, it became apparent that the industrial fields often confront the difficulty of the development and effective operation of safety reporting system due to the differences between aviation and other industrial fields. In this study, an effective safety reporting system for practical use in a conventional industrial field has been developed based on ASRS. Although the detailed evaluation of the proposed safety reporting system is still underway, its effectiveness has been strongly …
Knowledge And Skill-Based Evaluation Of Simulated And Live Training – From Evaluation Framework To Field Application, Martin Castor, Jonathan Borgvall, Winston Bennett Jr.
Knowledge And Skill-Based Evaluation Of Simulated And Live Training – From Evaluation Framework To Field Application, Martin Castor, Jonathan Borgvall, Winston Bennett Jr.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
In a study, a simulated spin-up exercise and the corresponding large-scale live military flight training exercise was evaluated based on the Alliger et al. augmented taxonomy of Kirkpatrick’s training criteria. The data collection was developed and designed to assess the training from reactions to in-simulator knowledge and skill development to operative training effect. The basis for the evaluation was knowledge and skills identified with the Mission Essential Competencies (MEC) process. Using surveys, quantitative and qualitative data from 14 fighter pilots were collected regarding reactions to training, perceived training value and additional training needs. This paper will present the rationale and …
Control-Force Inputs Obtained From Pilots And Nonpilots (Flight Attendants): Comparison With Established Handbook Distributions Of Performance, Dennis B. Beringer
Control-Force Inputs Obtained From Pilots And Nonpilots (Flight Attendants): Comparison With Established Handbook Distributions Of Performance, Dennis B. Beringer
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Earlier reports in this series (Beringer, 2006-2008) have reported the force that pilots and nonpilots could exert on flight controls. This paper presents a comparison of some well-known tables of human strength with the values from recent samples of women and men pilots and nonpilots in an attempt to determine how closely those distributions fit tabled distributions of human strength. Findings suggest that some other samples may be used to approximate the difficult-to-sample Part 121 female pilots if the data are treated properly. Specifically, yoke-activation tasks for the female pilots could be reasonably well approximated by fractional performance values of …
Nt-Seev: A Model Of Attention Capture And Noticing On The Flight Deck, Dr. Christopher Wickens, Angelia Sebok, Julia Bzostek, Kelly Steelman-Allen, Jason Mccarley, Nadine Sarter
Nt-Seev: A Model Of Attention Capture And Noticing On The Flight Deck, Dr. Christopher Wickens, Angelia Sebok, Julia Bzostek, Kelly Steelman-Allen, Jason Mccarley, Nadine Sarter
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
N-SEEV is a model that predicts the noticeability of events that occur in the context of routine task-driven scanning across large scale visual environments such as the flight deck or ATC work station. The model is an extension of the SEEV (salience, effort, expectancy, value) model, incorporating the influence of attentional set and allowing the possibility of a dynamic environment. The model was validated against two empirical data sets. In a study of pilot scanning across a high fidelity automated 747 cockpit, the SEEV component of the model predicted the distribution of attention with a correlation of 0.85. In a …
Air Traffic Control Crew Resource Management: To Find Truth And Facilitate Change, Skip Grieser M.Ed.
Air Traffic Control Crew Resource Management: To Find Truth And Facilitate Change, Skip Grieser M.Ed.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
The Federal Aviation Administration’s Air Traffic Organization Office of Safety sponsors a comprehensive and ongoing program of Crew Resource Management (CRM), Human Factors in Air Traffic Control (ATC). CRM begins with a oneday workshop for all field ATC personnel, including management, staff, supervisors, and air traffic controllers. Facilitators present principles and methods in teamwork, individual performance, and Threat and Error Management, and participants discuss and record how they can use those principles and methods in their air traffic operations and safety cultures. Participants identify local safety issues and record their own recommendations, which then are compiled from all the workshops …
Psychological Fidelity Of Simulator Human Performance Limitation Training, K. Wolfgang Kallus
Psychological Fidelity Of Simulator Human Performance Limitation Training, K. Wolfgang Kallus
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Fidelity of simulators for training of pilots has to be judged from the final end of the training goal. This conclusion can be derived from the overview of Hays & Singer (1989), which has been published a considerable time ago. Nevertheless, an ongoing debate questions the need of simulator features like motion for the training of pilots – partly without giving attention to the training goals at hand. Especially in the area of threat and error management requirements for the simulators differ markedly from operational recurrence training. For experienced ATPL- pilots we can assume that a high fidelity visual simulation …
Multi-Uav Supervisory Control Interface Technology, Michael Patzek Ph.D., Doug Zimmer, Gregory Feitshans, Mark Draper Ph.D., Tom Huges, John Flach
Multi-Uav Supervisory Control Interface Technology, Michael Patzek Ph.D., Doug Zimmer, Gregory Feitshans, Mark Draper Ph.D., Tom Huges, John Flach
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
The Air Force Research Laboratory’s Supervisory Control Interfaces Branch (711HPW/RHCI) is conducting an advanced technology development program, entitled Multi-UAV Supervisory Control Interface Technology (MUSCIT). This program is focused on human systems integration; developing and integrating controls, displays, and decision support aids that enable a single operator control station to control multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the performance of dynamic intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) tasks as well as close air support (CAS) missions. This 5-year program, which began in 2007, employs a spiral development approach that consists of repeated analysis, design, development, virtual simulations, and flight tests to evaluate, …
Robot Operator Specifications Derived From The Occupational Information Network, Michael D. Coovert, Linda R. Elliott
Robot Operator Specifications Derived From The Occupational Information Network, Michael D. Coovert, Linda R. Elliott
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
The use of robots in aviation is widespread, for use as targets, decoys, remote sensing, reconnaissance, and increasingly for combat missions. Robots come in all forms and capabilities, from handheld micro air vehicles to hypersonic versions capable of high altitude long distance missions. At the same time, ground-based robots have proven effective for both military and civilian applications such as manufacturing and remote sensing / manipulations. Certainly, Talon and Packbot robots have proven their worth in battle conditions. Just as there is great variance in the type of robot being developed and utilized, so too is there tremendous variation operator …
Implementation Issues For Uav Camera View Transition Display Aid, Nicholas Wright, Heath Ruff, Brian Mullins, Antonio Ayala, Gloria Calhoun, Mark Draper
Implementation Issues For Uav Camera View Transition Display Aid, Nicholas Wright, Heath Ruff, Brian Mullins, Antonio Ayala, Gloria Calhoun, Mark Draper
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
An operator supervising multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will be required to switch attention between UAVs, each potentially involving different scenario environments and task requirements. A transition aid is now under evaluation that employs synthetic vision technology to enhance an operator’s situation awareness when switching between UAVs. Instead of discretely switching from the camera view of one UAV to the camera view of another, the algorithms driving the transition automatically provide a display format that uses a “fly out, fly in” metaphor over several seconds to transition between the two camera views. This paper will describe the many parameters that …
Vigilant Spirit Control Station: A Research Testbed For Multi-Uas Supervisory Control Interfaces, Allen J. Rowe, Kristen K. Liggett Ph.D., Jason E. Davis
Vigilant Spirit Control Station: A Research Testbed For Multi-Uas Supervisory Control Interfaces, Allen J. Rowe, Kristen K. Liggett Ph.D., Jason E. Davis
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Since its inception, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has adapted to military life and has subsequently become an integral part of modern day warfare. Although unmanned, this technology remains dependent on human interaction for optimal function. Bridging the gap between rapidly advancing technology and the human, the Vigilant Spirit Control Station (VSCS) serves as a multi-faceted facilitator in areas ranging from research to combat missions. The result, consequentially, is an increase in the efficiency of the program by enabling a single operator to supervise multiple vehicles. Streamlining technology is tantamount to the program’s success. Developed with this in mind, VSCS …
Countermeasures To Mitigate Effects Of Fatigue Among Flight Attendants: To Improve Transportation Safety And Productivity, Lori J. Brown, John Niehaus
Countermeasures To Mitigate Effects Of Fatigue Among Flight Attendants: To Improve Transportation Safety And Productivity, Lori J. Brown, John Niehaus
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
As airlines restructure and cut corners to make ends meet, flight attendants are experiencing a new industry trend that must be put to rest. At many carriers, flight attendants are forced to work to the point of exhaustion because of poorly scheduled duty time, lengthened duty days, or flagrant company violations of schedules. Research efforts on human factors: including the effects of fatigue, sleepiness, sleep disorders and circadian rhythms—on transportation safety has become a top priority. Research has identified key findings concerning fatigue in the flight attendant occupation, where sleep deprivation and disruption of circadian rhythms are known to occur …
Simulator Sickness In The Flight School Xxi Th-67 Flight Motion Simulators, Catherine Webb M.S., Julie Bass Ssg, David Johnson Ph.D., Amanda Kelley Ph.D., Christopher Martin M.D., Robert Wildzunas Ph.D.
Simulator Sickness In The Flight School Xxi Th-67 Flight Motion Simulators, Catherine Webb M.S., Julie Bass Ssg, David Johnson Ph.D., Amanda Kelley Ph.D., Christopher Martin M.D., Robert Wildzunas Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Simulator sickness (SS) is a common problem during flight training and can affect both instructor pilots (IPs) and student pilots (SPs). This study was conducted in response to complaints about a new rotary wing flight simulator. To investigate, Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) data were collected from 129 SPs and 73 IPs. Analysis of these data helped direct recommendations based on the scientific literature for reducing SS. One year later, a post-test collected SSQ data from 50 SPs and 25 IPs. To test the effectiveness of the recommendations, a 2 (experience) x 2 (time) between-subjects Multivariate Analysis of Variance was used. …
A Network Collaborative Design Construct For The Dissemination Of Aviation Safety Research, Brent D. Bowen, Erin E. Block, Manoj S. Patankar
A Network Collaborative Design Construct For The Dissemination Of Aviation Safety Research, Brent D. Bowen, Erin E. Block, Manoj S. Patankar
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
The constructs for collaborative network building include common tenets for the establishment of communication channels not only within the network but for constituencies external to the network. These constituencies are beneficiaries of the resulting knowledge which emerges and is disseminated. The Safety Across High-Consequence Industries (SAHI) conference was formed in 2003 for the purpose of bringing together safety leaders from multiple fields within the high consequence industries of healthcare, nuclear power, aviation, and others. Through SAHI four multinational conferences have been convened and resulted in bodies of safety knowledge available through widely distributed proceedings. In the process of generating and …
The Effect Of Human Factors In Aviation Maintenance Safety, Andrea M. Georgiou
The Effect Of Human Factors In Aviation Maintenance Safety, Andrea M. Georgiou
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Even with the increasing rate of technology innovation, the ultimate responsibility for the safety of a flight lies with humans. According to Boeing, human error accounts for 70% of commercial airplane accidents. This research aims to investigate the human factors that exist in aviation maintenance as well as the extent to which these factors affect safety. Utilizing the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) online accident database, the researcher reviewed accidents between 1996 through 2006 caused by maintenancerelated errors. The results indicate the top four maintenance errors with the highest number of fatalities were: a).failure to properly complete tasks, b).improper maintenance, …
Manual And Cooperative Control Mission Management Methods For Wide Area Search Munitions, Thomas R. Carretta, Lamar Warfield, Michael J. Patzek
Manual And Cooperative Control Mission Management Methods For Wide Area Search Munitions, Thomas R. Carretta, Lamar Warfield, Michael J. Patzek
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Wide Area Search Munitions (WASM) combine the attributes of unmanned aerial vehicles with those of traditional munitions. The WASM concept envisions artificially intelligent munitions that communicate and coordinate with one another and with human operators to effectively perform their tasks. This study examined target acquisition for unaided operators with that of an automated cooperative controller for a complex task involving the prosecution of groundbased targets. Participants completed nine trials for each control mode (manual and cooperative) by number of WASMs (4, 8, and 16) combination. Target hit rate was not affected by control mode or number of WASMs. However, target …
Coginitve Task Analysis Of Distributed Network-Centric Information For The Promotion Of Shared Situational Awareness Within Collaborative Uas Operations, Jeffery A. Getzlaff, Allen J. Rowe
Coginitve Task Analysis Of Distributed Network-Centric Information For The Promotion Of Shared Situational Awareness Within Collaborative Uas Operations, Jeffery A. Getzlaff, Allen J. Rowe
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
A hybrid model of cognitive task analysis coupled with activity theory and team cognition was evaluated to determine human-computer interface (HCI) design factors that promote Shared Situational Awareness (SSA) within a collaborative unmanned aerial system (UAS). A computer testbed simulation was created for use with participants in a time-sensitive Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) and weapons engagement mission testing scenario. A cognitive analysis was performed which consisted of a Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA), time-sensitive activity analysis, and coordinated team cognition. Results from testing indicated that the promotion of situational awareness (SA) was enabled by network-centric …
Conflict Alerts And False Alerts In En-Route Air Traffic Control: An Empirical Study Of Causes And Consequences, Christopher D. Wickens, Stephen Rice, David Keller, Jamie Hughes, Shaun Hutchins
Conflict Alerts And False Alerts In En-Route Air Traffic Control: An Empirical Study Of Causes And Consequences, Christopher D. Wickens, Stephen Rice, David Keller, Jamie Hughes, Shaun Hutchins
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
We analyzed the extent to which a high false alert rate of the conflict alerting (CA) system in five ATC facilities was the cause of a “cry-wolf” effect, whereby true alerts of a pending loss of separation were associated with either controller failure to respond or a delayed response. Radar track data surrounding 497 CA’s were examined and from these we extracted information as to whether the alert was true or false, whether a trajectory change was (response) or was not (non-response) evident, whether a loss of separation occurred, and the controller response time to the CA. Results revealed an …
Maneuver Stereotypes In Airborne Conflict Resolutions, Esa M. Rantanen, Christopher D. Wickens, David Keller
Maneuver Stereotypes In Airborne Conflict Resolutions, Esa M. Rantanen, Christopher D. Wickens, David Keller
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
The roles and responsibilities of air traffic controllers and pilots are shifting in the advent of the NextGen air traffic management infrastructure, which also involves high levels of automation. It is important to understand just how large departures from the current ingrained practices the NextGen procedures represent, particularly in extremely safetycritical tasks such as airborne conflict resolutions. Pilots’ conflict resolution maneuver preferences have received some attention, but corresponding research on air traffic controllers’ practices is almost nonexistent. We analyzed 87 samples of aircraft track data involving conflict alerts and subsequent resolution maneuvers from Atlanta center. Vertical conflict resolution maneuvers were …
Transfer Of Skills From Microsoft Flight Simulator X To An Aircraft, Mark N. Callender, Wayne A. Dornan, Wendy S. Beckman, Paul A. Craig, Steve Gossett
Transfer Of Skills From Microsoft Flight Simulator X To An Aircraft, Mark N. Callender, Wayne A. Dornan, Wendy S. Beckman, Paul A. Craig, Steve Gossett
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
In the spring of 2008, with funding from the Aircraft Owner’s and Pilot’s Association, Middle Tennessee State University performed a study to evaluate the transferability of skills from Microsoft Flight Simulator X (MSFSX) to an aircraft for novice flight students. Nine students practiced tasks in six MSFSX Flight Lesson modules until the modules were successfully completed. The number of iterations required by students to accomplish each module satisfactorily was recorded. These students, along with nine others which comprised the control group, received flight training in a DA-40 for the same six maneuvers. They were subsequently evaluated on the number of …
Solution Space-Based Complexity Analysis Of Atc Aircraft Merging Tasks, Patrick Hermes, Max Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Hans Huisman, J.H.L. (Harjan) Boering
Solution Space-Based Complexity Analysis Of Atc Aircraft Merging Tasks, Patrick Hermes, Max Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Hans Huisman, J.H.L. (Harjan) Boering
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
Air traffic controller workload is considered to be a limiting factor in the growth of air traffic. In this paper a new method of assessing controller task demand load will be developed and tested. Based on the hypothesis that workload is primarily caused by the complexity of the task to be conducted, the concept of the “solution space” is described. For any particular air traffic control problem, the solution space describes the constraints in the environment that limit (and therefore, guide) air traffic controller decisions and actions. The complexity of that particular control problem can then be analyzed by considering …
Performance Visualization Method Of Air Traffic Control Tasks For Educational Purpose With Utilizing Cognitive System Simulation, Daisuke Karikawa, Hisae Aoyama, Makoto Takahashi, Kazuo Furuta
Performance Visualization Method Of Air Traffic Control Tasks For Educational Purpose With Utilizing Cognitive System Simulation, Daisuke Karikawa, Hisae Aoyama, Makoto Takahashi, Kazuo Furuta
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
In the dynamic and multi-task condition of air traffic control, an Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) must utilize effective strategies to control traffic to prevent potential collision of aircraft and also to reduce his cognitive workload. Therefore, the strategy building skill of an ATCO is quite important for aviation safety and efficiency. In the present research, for supporting education of strategy building, a function which can visualize the difference of task performance has been implemented into the Air Traffic Controller Cognitive Simulation (ATCCS). Using this function, the effect of ATCO’s control on air traffic flow has been successfully visualized, which helps …
A Human-Machine Interface For Replanning Of 4d Trajectories, Bart J.A. Van Marwijk, Mark Mulder, Max Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Clark Borst
A Human-Machine Interface For Replanning Of 4d Trajectories, Bart J.A. Van Marwijk, Mark Mulder, Max Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Clark Borst
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
To accomplish air traffic growth in a safe and efficient way, future air traffic management concepts require aircraft to accurately plan and execute 4D trajectories. A trajectory planned prior to takeoff, may, however, require in-flight revision. To support the flight crew in their task of accurately replanning a flight plan up to a meter fix, in four dimensions, a dedicated planning interface has been designed. The interface allows direct manipulation of the ground track and the descent profile. Constraints on trajectory planning are mapped onto candidate waypoint locations, highlighting the possibilities for acceptable ground track geometry in the horizontal situation …
Professionalism In Airline Operations?...And Accident Investigation?, Captain Kevin M. Smith, Ronald John Lofaro Phd
Professionalism In Airline Operations?...And Accident Investigation?, Captain Kevin M. Smith, Ronald John Lofaro Phd
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009
When we read the findings of NTSB report AAR-07/06, Southwest Airlines flight #1248, we felt transported to a parallel universe whose occupants seem to be lacking any ability to reason analytically. These “findings’ seemed to turn logic on its head, were insufficient in scope and incorrect as to causation. This paper will analyze the SW accident using the ODM model; will show the deficiencies in the NTSB report and finally, a. Indicate how to design line oriented flight training (LOFT) scenarios that reflect actual operating conditions and are aircraft type-specific. b. Show where/how a separate DM crew training module should …