Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Will The Real Charles Fried Please Stand Up?, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

In response to the preceding commentary by Jerry Menikoff in this issue of the Journal, the authors argue that Fried's central concern is not that randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are conducted without consent, but rather that various aspects of the design and conduct of RCTs are in tension with physicians' duties of personal care to their patients. Although Fried does argue that the existence of equipoise cannot justify failure to obtain consent from research subjects, informed consent by itself does not supplant ill subjects' rights to personalized judgment and care embodied in Fried's equipoise.

Importance Of Informed Consent In Offering To Return Research Results To Research Participants, Conrad Fernandez, Eric Kodish, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

Political Correctness Today, Joseph Ellin

Center for the Study of Ethics in Society Papers

Paper presented to the Center of the Study of Ethics in Society Western Michigan University, November 14th, 2003.

Update - November 2003, Loma Linda University Center For Christian Bioethics

Update

In this issue:

-- Editorial
-- Hindu Perspectives on Genetic Enhancements in Humans
-- HIPAA: Privacy and Public Good
-- 2003 Graduates

Stem Cell Research?: Yes--Out Of Love For The Neighbor, Alan G. Padgett

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Ethical Choices: A Case For Hierarchicalism, Nathan Ramsey

CedarEthics Online

No abstract provided.

Sentience As A Reason To Ban Partial-Birth Abortion, Carrie Ziegenfuss

CedarEthics Online

No abstract provided.

Offering To Return Results To Research Participants: Attitudes And Needs Of Principal Investigators In The Children's Oncology Group, Conrad Fernandez, Eric Kodish, Susan Shurin, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

PURPOSE: The offer to return a summary of results to participants after the conclusion of clinical research has many potential benefits. The authors determined current practice and attitudes and needs of researchers in establishing programs to return results to research participants.

METHODS: An Internet survey of all 236 principal investigators (PIs) of the Children's Oncology Group in May 2002 recorded PI and institutional demographics, current practice, and perceived barriers to and needs of PIs for the creation of research results programs.

RESULTS: One hundred fifty (63.8%) PIs responded. Few institutions (n = 5) had established, comprehensive programs to offer the …

Bioethics In Social Context, Edited By Barry Hoffmaster, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Summer 2003

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Center For Professional Ethics, Volume 4, Issue 3, 2003, Case Western Reserve University

Center for Professional Ethics

Table of Contents:

• Creating an Environment That Promotes Responsible Research Conduct by Dr. Caroline A. Whitbeck
• Director's Corner: Lying and Justification by Robert P. Lawry
• Leadership in the Global Perspective, Dr. Kazuo Inamori Speaks
• Ethnopsychiatry & American Immigration, Dr. Atwood Gaines Explores and Explains

Effects Of Moral Sensitivity And Moral Climate On Moral Reasoning, Marita Louise Mahoney

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

As healthcare professionals, psychology students and psychologists are expected to behave ethically and morally. It is assumed that moral and ethical reasoning in psychology students develops through exposure to ethical dilemmas within ethics classes and during clinical training experiences. Rest's Four Component Model of Moral Behavior, a neo-Kohlbergian approach to understanding moral development, posits an interaction of Moral Sensitivity, Moral Motivation, Moral Reasoning and Moral Character. Moral sensitivity, or awareness of a moral dilemma, is posited to cue the moral reasoning process, though little is known about how the training environment can facilitate or hamper such developments. Fifty".'two psychology-graduate students …

The Ethics Of Placebo-Controlled Trials, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

Rehabilitating Equipoise, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

When may a physician legitimately offer enrollment in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) to her patient? Two answers to this question have had a profound impact on the research ethics literature. Equipoise, as originated by Charles Fried, which we term Fried's equipoise (FE), stipulates that a physician may offer trial enrollment to her patient only when the physician is genuinely uncertain as to the preferred treatment. Clinical equipoise (CE), originated by Benjamin Freedman, requires that there exist a state of honest, professional disagreement in the community of expert practitioners as to the preferred treatment. FE and CE are widely understood …

Is The Use Of Placebo Controls Ethically Permissible In Clinical Trials Of Agents Intended To Reduce Fractures In Osteoporosis?, Baruch Brody, Nancy Dickey, Susan Ellenberg, Robert Heaney, Robert Levine, Richard O'Brien, Ruth Purtilo, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

Substantial progress has been made in developing treatments that reduce the risk of fractures in osteoporosis. However, available treatments are only partially effective, they are not widely used, and there is need to search for more effective means of fracture prevention. Currently known effective means of reducing fractures were found using randomized placebo-controlled trials. The use of placebo controls in clinical trials has been a subject of significant controversy in recent years. The Declaration of Helsinki revision of October 2000 caused great concern among clinical investigators about the future use of placebo controls if known effective therapeutic agents are available. …

Disclosure Of The Right Of Research Participants To Receive Research Results: An Analysis Of Consent Forms In The Children's Oncology Group, Conrad Fernandez, Eric Kodish, Shaureen Taweel, Susan Shurin, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

BACKGROUND: The offer of return of research results to study participants has many potential benefits. The current study examined the offer of return of research results by analyzing consent forms from 2 acute lymphoblastic leukemia studies of the 235 institutional members of the Children's Oncology Group.

METHODS: Institutional review board (IRB)-approved consent forms from 2 standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia studies (Children's Cancer Group [CCG] 1991 and Pediatric Oncology Group [POG] 9407) were analyzed independently by 2 reviewers.

RESULTS: The authors received replies from 202 of the 235 institutions that were contacted (85%). One hundred eighty-one institutions had CCG 1991 (n …

The Legal And Political Future Of Physician-Assisted Suicide, Larry I. Palmer

Popular Media

No abstract provided.

The Ethics Of Apology And The Role Of An Ombuds From The Perspective Of A Lawyer, Sharan Lee Levine, Paula A. Aylward

Center for the Study of Ethics in Society Papers

Papers presented for the Center of the Study of Ethics in Society Western Michigan University, March 20, 2003.

Therapeutic Obligation In Clinical Research, Charles Weijer, Paul Miller

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

Informing Study Participants Of Research Results: An Ethical Imperative, Conrad Fernandez, Eric Kodish, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Spring 2003

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Killing For The State: The Darkest Side Of American Nursing, Dave Holmes, Cary H. Federman

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The aim of this article is to bring to the attention of the international nursing community the discrepancy between a pervasive ‘caring’ nursing discourse and the most unethical nursing practice in the United States. In this article, we present a duality: the conflict in American prisons between nursing ethics and the killing machinery. The US penal system is a setting in which trained healthcare personnel practices the extermination of life. We look upon the sanitization of death work as an application of healthcare professionals’ skills and knowledge and their appropriation by the state to serve its ends. A review of …

Center For Professional Ethics, Volume 4, Issue 2, 2003, Case Western Reserve University

Center for Professional Ethics

Table of Contents:

• "Waiting for the Courage to Die": The Role of Live Theatre in Medical Education by Fran Heller
• Building Bridges with Jonathan Sadowksy: A Reprint from the CWRU Observer
• Using Children in Research, Dr. Eric Kodish Explores and Explains
• A Glance at Professor Philip C. Bobbit: The Ends and Means of Stimulating Discussion
• Industry-Sponsored Research -- What's Wrong? Professor Andrew Trew Talks About IRBs, Ethics and Patients
• Director's Corner: The Aftermath of War by Robert P. Lawry
• Spring, 2003 News, Notes, and Future Events

Achieving The Right Balance In Oversight Of Physician Opioid Prescribing For Pain: The Role Of State Medical Boards, Diane E. Hoffmann, Anita J. Tarzian

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Escape From New York: Analyzing The State's Relative Interests In Proscribing The Withdrawal Of Life Support And Physician-Assisted Suicide, Colin Miller

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

This Note argues that states cannot consistently prohibit physician assisted suicide for terminally ill patients while they continue to allow the withdrawal of life support for even non-terminal patients. All of the state interests identified by the Supreme Court in rejecting a right to assisted suicide are implicated to a higher degree by withdrawal of life support. The primary reason for this difference is that withdrawal of life support often involves incompetent patients and surrogate decision making while assisted suicide by definition requires a competent patient choosing to hasten her death

Mere And Partial Means: The Full Range Of The Objectification Of Women, Carolyn Mcleod

Philosophy Publications

No abstract provided.

Center For Professional Ethics, Volume 4, Issue 1, 2003, Case Western Reserve University

Center for Professional Ethics

Table of Contents:

• America's Role in The World: Understanding Muslims and Islam
• One Year Later: Remembering September 11, 2001
• Conversations in Bioethics: CWRU President, Dr. Edard Hundert
• A Different Kind of Close Up: Looking at Cinematic Justice
• Winter 2003 News, Notes, and Future Events
• Director's Corner: What Are We Going To Do About It? by Robert P. Lawry

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Winter 2003-2004

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Toxicology And New Social Ethics For Animals, Bernard E. Rollin

Experimentation Collection

The issue of animal treatment has emerged as a major social concern over the past three decades. This ramified in a new ethic for animal treatment that goes beyond concern about cruelty and attempts to eliminate animal pain and suffering, whatever its source. This is evidenced by laws governing animal research in many countries. Insofar as toxicology can entail significant and prolonged animal suffering, it is at loggerheads with this new ethic. Ways are suggested for the toxicological community to put itself in harmony with the ethic and thereby preserve its autonomy.

The Mammography Screening Controversy: Who And What Is Heard In The Press?, Sonya Charles, Margaret Holmes-Rovner

Philosophy and Religious Studies Department Faculty Publications

The objective of this project was to analyze newspaper coverage of the January 2000 meta-analysis by Gotzsche and Olsen, “Is screening for breast cancer with mammography justified?” [Lancet 355 (2000) 129]. A content analysis was performed on a comprehensive set of newspaper clippings from the UK during the 2 weeks following publication of the Lancet article. The original authors were most quoted in Wave 1 (the first weekend); the screening programme was most quoted in Wave 2 (week 2). Screening programme description, and the “quality” of the Lancet article dominated Wave 1; patient testimonials increased in Wave 2. Newspaper articles …