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1998

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Articles 31 - 60 of 172

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

The Use Of Myth And Mysticism In Michael Murphy’S Golf In The Kingdom, Don Morrow Jun 1998

The Use Of Myth And Mysticism In Michael Murphy’S Golf In The Kingdom, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.


Review Of: Allan Mazur, A Hazardous Inquiry: The Rashomon Effect At Love Canal, Thomas G. Field Jr. Jun 1998

Review Of: Allan Mazur, A Hazardous Inquiry: The Rashomon Effect At Love Canal, Thomas G. Field Jr.

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of: Allan Mazur, A Hazardous Inquiry: The Rashomon Effect at Love Canal (Harvard University Press 1998). Abbreviations,, appendices: Chron- ology and The Basics of Toxicology, bibliography, chronology, figures, index, photos, references. LC 97-44639; ISBN 0-674-74833-6 [255+xiv pp. $26.00 Cloth, 79 Garden Street; Cambridge MA 02138.]


Fmri Of Monkey Visual Cortex, Lisa Stefanacci, Paul Reber, Jennifer Costanza, Eric Wong, Richard Buxton, Stuart Zola, Larry R. Squire, Thomas D. Albright Jun 1998

Fmri Of Monkey Visual Cortex, Lisa Stefanacci, Paul Reber, Jennifer Costanza, Eric Wong, Richard Buxton, Stuart Zola, Larry R. Squire, Thomas D. Albright

Neurology Collection

While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is now used widely for demonstrating neural activity-related signals associated with perceptual, motor, and cognitive processes in humans, to date this technique has not been developed for use with nonhuman primates. fMRI in monkeys offers a potentially valuable experimental approach for investigating brain function, which will complement and aid existing techniques such as electrophysiology and the behavioral analysis of the effects of brain lesions. There are, however, a number of significant technical challenges involved in using fMRI with monkeys. Here, we describe the procedures by which we have overcome these challenges to …


Detection Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis In Paraffin Embedded Intestinal Tissue Specimens By Polymerase Chain Reaction: Characterization Of Is6110 Element Negative Strains, Tariq Moatter, Shaper Mirza, Mohammad Shahid Siddiqui, Irshad Nabi Soomro Jun 1998

Detection Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis In Paraffin Embedded Intestinal Tissue Specimens By Polymerase Chain Reaction: Characterization Of Is6110 Element Negative Strains, Tariq Moatter, Shaper Mirza, Mohammad Shahid Siddiqui, Irshad Nabi Soomro

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Tuberculosis is still one of the most widespread infection known to mankind. Although lung is the predominant site of disease, a sizeable population in Pakistan gets intestinal disease. Clinical presentation, radiologic and endoscopic examination provide clues to the diagnosis. However, a definitive diagnosis requires biopsy material with granulomas and/or caseation complemented by acid fast staining and culture. There are many occasions when biopsy material is scanty and even in some intestinal resection cases histologic evaluation fails to confirm or rule out tuberculosis. Therefore, an investigation was conducted to assess the efficacy of PCR in the detection of mycobacterial DNA in …


A Pilot Study Testing A Proprietary Sealant For Plaque Reduction, Jennifer Rowland Jun 1998

A Pilot Study Testing A Proprietary Sealant For Plaque Reduction, Jennifer Rowland

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Enamel demineralization due to increased plaque accumulation is a well-recognized problem associated with fixed orthodontic appliances. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a proprietary product to be marketed by 3M Unitek for the reduction of plaque accumulation and thereby reduce enamel demineralization.

Sixty four bovine teeth were divided equally into an untreated control group and a group treated with the proprietary sealant product. Both groups were subsequently immersed in a Streptococcus mutans culture. Plaque deposits from each group were removed, suspended in trypticase soy broth, serially diluted, and plated on trypticase soy agar at 1, …


Analysis Of Serotonin And Postural Instability In Parkinson’S Disease, Sandra Kuniyoshi Jun 1998

Analysis Of Serotonin And Postural Instability In Parkinson’S Disease, Sandra Kuniyoshi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Postural instability is one of the most debilitating symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and the best clinical prognostic indicator of progressive disease. Significant differences in neuropathology, neurochemistry, response to L-dopa therapy and stereotactic surgery as well as prognosis have been identified in subtypes when patients with predominant postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD)/Type B were differentiated from those with predominant symptoms of tremor and rigidity/Type A. Postural instability is resistant to the therapeutic effects of L-dopa, despite its continued efficacy on other Parkinson’s symptomatology, implicating the nondopaminergic mechanism of postural instability in Parkinson’s disease. Patients with significant postural instability and gait …


A Model Using Radiation And Pws4-Htnf-Α Gene Therapy For Treatment Of Glioblastomas, Angelo G. Baher Jun 1998

A Model Using Radiation And Pws4-Htnf-Α Gene Therapy For Treatment Of Glioblastomas, Angelo G. Baher

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The efficacy of radiotherapy for cancer is limited by the dose that can be safely delivered to the tumor without causing debilitating side effects. In addition, successful treatment of highly malignant tumors such as glioblastomas is likely to require adjunctive therapies to enhance tumor response to radiation. Previous studies have shown immunomodulation and a synergestic reduction in tumor volume of malignant tumors when tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) protein is administered prior to radiation. The major goal of the present investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of pWS4-human TNF-α (pWS4-hTNF-α), a new plasmid construct that expresses human TNF-α protein, together with …


Regeneration In Periodontal Defects With Rhbmp-2 : A Dosage Study, Paola Guglielmoni Jun 1998

Regeneration In Periodontal Defects With Rhbmp-2 : A Dosage Study, Paola Guglielmoni

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been shown to induce bone formation in ectopic and orthotopic sites. This inductive capability has led to their evaluation as possible adjuncts in periodontal reconstructive therapy. Indeed, studies have reported periodontal regeneration following surgical implantation of recombinant human BMP-2. This study evaluated regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum following periodontal reconstructive surgery including implantation of a construct consisting of sterile lyophilized rhBMP-2 in buffer adsorbed onto an absorbable collagen sponge. Critical size mandibular supra-alveolar periodontal defects were surgically created, and an incomplete block design was used to evaluate the regenerative potential of rhBMP-2 at 0.05, …


Virtual Voices From A Superclass: Emails In Exhaustion And Exhilaration, Don Morrow May 1998

Virtual Voices From A Superclass: Emails In Exhaustion And Exhilaration, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.


1998 - The Third Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars May 1998

1998 - The Third Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars

Symposium of Student Scholars Program Books

The full program book from the Third Annual Symposium of Student Scholars, held on May 8th, 1998. Includes abstracts from the presentation and posters.


Management Of Common Musculoskeletal Problems: A Survey Of Ontario Primary Care Physicians, Richard H. Glazier, Dawn M. Dalby, Elizabeth M. Badley, Gillian A. Hawker, Mary J. Bell, Rachelle Buchbinder, Sydney C. Lineker Apr 1998

Management Of Common Musculoskeletal Problems: A Survey Of Ontario Primary Care Physicians, Richard H. Glazier, Dawn M. Dalby, Elizabeth M. Badley, Gillian A. Hawker, Mary J. Bell, Rachelle Buchbinder, Sydney C. Lineker

Kinesiology and Physical Education Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: In Canada, primary care physicians manage most musculoskeletal problems. However, their training in this area is limited, and some aspects of management may be suboptimal. This study was conducted to examine primary care physicians' management of 3 common musculoskeletal problems, ascertain the determinants of management and compare management with that recommended by a current practice panel. METHODS: A stratified computer-generated random sample of 798 Ontario members of the College of Family Physicians of Canada received a self-administered questionnaire by mail. Respondents selected various items in the management of 3 hypothetical patients: a 77-year-old woman with a shoulder problem, a …


Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 40 Number 1,Spring 1998, Santa Clara University Apr 1998

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 40 Number 1,Spring 1998, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

12 - ROMANCING THE WATER Sam Scott '96. Rigorous training and mandatory practice test the athletes' - and coach's - mettle as a father passes the oar to his son, continuing a proud SCU tradition.

18 - A FAMILY MATTER By Tegan M. McLane. An innovative program in the business school opens the door to frank, incisive communication among family members whose kinship extends to the business world.

22 - POSTCARDS FROM GUATEMALA By Tegan M. McLane. For the third year, a group of faculty and staff journey to the outback of Guatemala. As observers and recorders, they learn much …


A Kinematic And Kinetic Analysis Of First, Fourth, And Fifth Positions In The Classical Ballet Method, Mary Sue Hill Apr 1998

A Kinematic And Kinetic Analysis Of First, Fourth, And Fifth Positions In The Classical Ballet Method, Mary Sue Hill

Masters Theses

The problem of the study was to compare electromyography (EMG) responses, ground reaction forces, and torques on female college-age dancers' knees in selected positions. Subjects were 18 female dancers, aged 18 to 30 years, with 6 subjects from each of three levels: Ballet Technique I, II, and III. The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis were analyzed in a grande plie in three positions, (1) first, (2) fourth, and (3) fifth, with two phases: (1) eccentric, and (2) concentric. No differences in force or EMG data were found for the concentric phases of the three positions. Significant differences were …


Pressure-Induced Intracellular Signaling In Isolated Arteries, Victor A. Miriel Apr 1998

Pressure-Induced Intracellular Signaling In Isolated Arteries, Victor A. Miriel

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

The ability of cells to respond to mechanical stimuli has been studied through a variety of techniques in numerous cell types. The cells of the vascular wall have adapted to specific mechanical stresses through the activation of intracellular signaling pathways which result in cell-specific responses such as hypertrophy, hyperplasia, proliferation, and migration. Vascular smooth muscle of the arteries have been shown to be sensitive to mechanical stimuli such as stretch, and pressure.

This study attempts to add to the current knowledge of mechanotransduction by utilizing the isolated artery preparation. This preparation allows for the study of vascular smooth muscle signal …


Reaction-Diffusion Models Of Cancer Dispersion, Kim Yvette Ward Apr 1998

Reaction-Diffusion Models Of Cancer Dispersion, Kim Yvette Ward

Mathematics & Statistics Theses & Dissertations

The phenomenological modeling of the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of one-dimensional models of cancer dispersion are studied. The models discussed pertain primarily to the transition of a tumor from an initial neoplasm to the dormant avascular state, i.e. just prior to the vascular state, whenever that may occur. Initiating the study is the mathematical analysis of a reaction-diffusion model describing the interaction between cancer cells, normal cells and growth inhibitor. The model leads to several predictions, some of which are supported by experimental data and clinical observations $\lbrack25\rbrack$. We will examine the effects of additional terms on these characteristics. …


The Role Of Glycoconjugates In Mediating Human Fertilization And Induction Of Fetomaternal Tolerance, Manish S. Patankar Apr 1998

The Role Of Glycoconjugates In Mediating Human Fertilization And Induction Of Fetomaternal Tolerance, Manish S. Patankar

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Using the hemizona assay (HZA), a in vitro sperm-egg binding assay, we show that specific glycoconjugates known to inhibit immune cell interactions mediated by the selectins, potently block human sperm-egg binding. The selectin ligand sialyl Lewisx inhibits sperm binding in the HZA by 60% at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Our data indicates that glycodelin-A, a endometrial glycoprotein known to block sperm-egg binding in the HZA at low concentrations expresses unusual fucosylated lacdiNAc type glycans. The fucosylated lacdiNAc type sugars have been previously shown to be 15-20 fold more potent ligands of E-selectin. Glycodelin-S a seminal plasma glycoform of …


Developmental And Hormonal Regulation Of The Expression Of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Protein Levels In Baboon Placenta, Kathleen Elizabeth Dunstan Apr 1998

Developmental And Hormonal Regulation Of The Expression Of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Protein Levels In Baboon Placenta, Kathleen Elizabeth Dunstan

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 ( cPLA2) specifically catalyzes the release of arachidonate from membrane phospholipids, thus initiating synthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and other eicosanoids. The human and nonhuman primate placenta actively synthesize high levels of eicosanoids which play both an autocrine and paracrine role in placental function. Previous studies in Dr. Miriam D. Rosenthal's laboratory have shown that cPLA2 mRNA levels are developmentally regulated. The present study was designed to determine whether placental cPLA2 protein levels increased during gestation. Since the marked increases in estrogen levels during normal pregnancy have been shown to enhance morphological and …


The Second Messenger Camp Elicits Eating By An Anatomically Specific Action In The Perifornical Hypothalamus, Elizabeth R. Gillard, Arshad M. Khan, Rickinder S. Grewal, Bara Mouradi, Stefany D. Wolfsohn, B. Glenn Stanley Mar 1998

The Second Messenger Camp Elicits Eating By An Anatomically Specific Action In The Perifornical Hypothalamus, Elizabeth R. Gillard, Arshad M. Khan, Rickinder S. Grewal, Bara Mouradi, Stefany D. Wolfsohn, B. Glenn Stanley

Arshad M. Khan, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.


Enhancement Of Atp Levels And Glucose Metabolism During An Infection By Chlamydia: Nmr Studies Of Living Cells, David M. Ojcius, H. Degani, Joel Mispelter, Alice Dautry-Varsat Mar 1998

Enhancement Of Atp Levels And Glucose Metabolism During An Infection By Chlamydia: Nmr Studies Of Living Cells, David M. Ojcius, H. Degani, Joel Mispelter, Alice Dautry-Varsat

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The Chlamydia species are obligate intracellular bacteria that proliferate only within the infected cell. Since the extracellular bacteria are metabolically inert and there are no cell-free systems for characterizingChlamydia metabolism, we studied metabolic changes related to ATP synthesis and glycolysis in HeLa cells infected withChlamydia psittaci during the course of the 2-day infection cycle using noninvasive 31P and 13C NMR methods. We find that the infection stimulates ATP synthesis in the infected cell, with a peak of ATP levels occurring midway through the infection cycle, when most of the metabolically active bacteria are proliferating. The infection also stimulates synthesis of …


Predicting Prognosis In Lung Cancer: Use Of Proliferation Marker, Ki67 Monoclonal Antibody, I N. Soomro, J Holmes, W F. Whimster Mar 1998

Predicting Prognosis In Lung Cancer: Use Of Proliferation Marker, Ki67 Monoclonal Antibody, I N. Soomro, J Holmes, W F. Whimster

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

An investigation was carried out to assess the prognostic significance of proliferation marker Ki67 in a group of lung cancer patients treated by surgery (limited disease). Tissue was not available for Ki67 immunostaining in inoperable group. The diagnosis is established by bronchial biopsy which does not carry enough tissue for frozen section and counting. This study is supplemented by estimating the prognostic significance of histological sub-types in the operable group and in a group of inoperable patients with extensive disease. These are usually treated by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. In all, 267 patients were studied including 105 treated by surgery. These …


Jual Bentrap Suplement Serbuk Buat Pria Perkasa Isii 5 Sached 0822 2727 5575, Marhah Shop3 Feb 1998

Jual Bentrap Suplement Serbuk Buat Pria Perkasa Isii 5 Sached 0822 2727 5575, Marhah Shop3

marhah shop3

BENTRAP ORIGINAL Suplemen Serbuk KUAT SEX PRIA
Jual Obat Bentrap Asli, Obat Kuat No 1 Terbaik Bentrap Asli, Jual Bentrap Asli, Agen Jual Bentrap Asli, Obat Bentrap Asli, Bentrap Original, Alamat Jual Obat Bentrap, Apotik Jual Bentrap Asli, Apotik Obat Bentrap, Suplemen Bentrap Serbuk, Bentrap Di Jakarta, Bentrap Di Bandung, Bentrap Di Surabaya, Bentrap Di Semarang, Bentrap Di Medan.


Human Performance Lab Newsletter, February 1998, St. Cloud State University Feb 1998

Human Performance Lab Newsletter, February 1998, St. Cloud State University

Human Performance Lab Newsletter

Contents of this issue include:

  • Kelly's Corner by David Bacharach
  • Welcome Dr. Seifert
  • What is the 40-30-30 Diet? Is It Better than the Typical By Debbi Pauison
  • Dietary Supplements: Can They Improve Exercise Performance? By Kira Camp
  • Super-oxygenated water? By Dr. John Seifert
  • Eliminating the Bounce Dr. Glenn Street
  • Research Publications
  • Thesis Work in Progress
  • Internship Experience by Joel French


Mechanism Of Triazolo-Benzodiazepine And Benzodiazepine Action In Anxiety And Depression: Behavioral Studies With Concomitant In Vivo Ca1 Hippocampal Norepinephrine And Serotonin Release Detection In The Behaving Animal, Patricia A. Broderick, Omotola Hope, Pierrot Jeannot Feb 1998

Mechanism Of Triazolo-Benzodiazepine And Benzodiazepine Action In Anxiety And Depression: Behavioral Studies With Concomitant In Vivo Ca1 Hippocampal Norepinephrine And Serotonin Release Detection In The Behaving Animal, Patricia A. Broderick, Omotola Hope, Pierrot Jeannot

Publications and Research

1. Real time, in vivo microvoltammetric studies were performed, using miniature carbon-based sensors, to concurrently detect norepinephrine (NE) release and serotonin (5-HT) release, in 2 separate electrochemical signals, within CA1 region of hippocampus in the freely moving and behaving, male, Sprague Dawley laboratory rat.

2. Concurrently, four parameters of open-field Behavior I.E. Ambulations, Rearing, Fine Movements and Central Ambulatory behavior (a measure of anxiety reduction behavior), were assayed by infrared photobeam detection.

3. Time course studies showed that the mechanism of action of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD), adinazolam, (Deracyn®) is dramatically different from that of the classical benzodiazepine (BZD), diazepam …


Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna Analysis (Rapd) Of Artemisia Subgenus Tridentatae Species And Hybrids, E. Durant Mcarthur, Joann Mudge, Renée Van Buren, W. Ralph Andersen, Stewart C. Sanderson, David G. Babbel Jan 1998

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna Analysis (Rapd) Of Artemisia Subgenus Tridentatae Species And Hybrids, E. Durant Mcarthur, Joann Mudge, Renée Van Buren, W. Ralph Andersen, Stewart C. Sanderson, David G. Babbel

Great Basin Naturalist

Species of Artemisia (subgenus Tridentatae) dominate much of western North America. The genetic variation that allows this broad ecological adaptation is facilitated by hybridization and polyploidization. Three separate studies were performed in this group using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Fifty-seven 10-mer primers generated nearly 400 markers from genomic DNA obtained from leaf tissue. These studies were (1) a measure of the variability of plants within and between populations and between subspecies using 5 A. tridentata ssp. wyomingensis populations, 2 A. cana ssp. cana populations, and 1 A. cana ssp. viscidula population; (2) an examination of the hypothesis that …


Differences In Lean And Obese Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts Of Adult And Post-Natal La/N (Faf) Rats: A Confocal Description Of The Skeletal Muscle Myoblast, J. Adam Noah Jan 1998

Differences In Lean And Obese Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts Of Adult And Post-Natal La/N (Faf) Rats: A Confocal Description Of The Skeletal Muscle Myoblast, J. Adam Noah

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Mutant strains of obese rats are currently being studied to reveal the mechanisms of increased lipid synthesis and decreased lipid oxidation in these rats. It was originally thought that much of the fat production that leads to obesity is the result of metabolic processes in the liver and adipose tissue. Studies by Kahle et al.3 showed that the liver and adipose tissue account for only 22% and 7% respectively, of total fatty acid synthesis. It was also shown that 21 % of total de novo fatty acid was localized in the postural skeletal muscle.

The dry weight of the …


Polyadenylation Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Mrna Dictates Efficient Transcription Termination At The Intercistronic Gene Junctions, Leroy N. Hwang, Nathan Englund, Asit K. Pattnaik Jan 1998

Polyadenylation Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Mrna Dictates Efficient Transcription Termination At The Intercistronic Gene Junctions, Leroy N. Hwang, Nathan Englund, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The intercistronic gene junctions of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) contain conserved sequence elements that are important for polyadenylation and transcription termination of upstream transcript as well as reinitiation of transcription of downstream transcript. To examine the role of the putative polyadenylation signal 3' AUACU75' at the gene junctions in polyadenylation and transcription termination, we constructed plasmids encoding antigenomic minireplicons containing one or two transcription units. In plasmid-transfected cells, analyses of the bicistronic minireplicon containing the wild-type or mutant intercistronic gene junctions for the ability to direct synthesis of polyadenylated upstream, downstream, and readthrough mRNAs showed that the AUACU …


The Effects Of Aerobics And Walking On Social Physique Anxiety And Self-Esteem Of Female College Students, Jessica L. Lloyd Jan 1998

The Effects Of Aerobics And Walking On Social Physique Anxiety And Self-Esteem Of Female College Students, Jessica L. Lloyd

Legacy ETDs

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the effectiveness of walking and aerobics as a way of modifying body image apprehension and self-esteem of female college students. Participants from this study comprised 88 (25 African Americans and 63 Caucasians) students from a Southeastern university. The participants were administered the 9-item Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) (Martin, Rejeski, Leary, McAuley, & Bane, 1997) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (Rosenberg, 1979). Body composition, body weight, body height, and body mass index (BMI) were also evaluated. The participants performed in a 9-week walking or aerobics physical activity class. At the completion …


Land Use Patterns In Relation To Lake Water Quality In The Great Pond Watershed, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College Jan 1998

Land Use Patterns In Relation To Lake Water Quality In The Great Pond Watershed, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College

Colby College Watershed Study: Great Pond (2012, 2010, 1998)

Lakes are natural resources, which have many effects on the land surrounding them, They support adjacent communities by providing water and regulating temperatures, helping to define the surrounding ecosystem, and serving as sources of drinking water as well as recreation. The prolonged presence of human activity in a watershed can disturb the physical and chemical cycles of the lake and its surrounding ecosystems (Henderson-Sellers and Markland 1987). Over time, lakes undergo a process called eutrophication, a natural aging process during which the nutrient levels increase and dissolved oxygen levels decrease (Smith and Smith 1998). As the lake ages or becomes …


Medical Students Development Of Empathic Understanding Of Their Patients, William T. Branch Jr. Md, Macp Jan 1998

Medical Students Development Of Empathic Understanding Of Their Patients, William T. Branch Jr. Md, Macp

William T.Branch Jr.MD

No abstract provided.


Professional And Moral Development In Medical Students: The Ethics Of Caring For Patients, William T. Branch Jr. Md, Macp Jan 1998

Professional And Moral Development In Medical Students: The Ethics Of Caring For Patients, William T. Branch Jr. Md, Macp

William T.Branch Jr.MD

The young physician-in-training faces arduous tasks. Knowledge must be absorbed, and skills must be mastered. But, becoming a physician is a moral as well as an intellectual task. The attitudes and values that a young physician adopts will determine the way he or she practices, and be equally as important as intellectual and technical proficiency. Physicians-in-training are young adults. They have emerged from adolescence into adulthood, hopefully with a firm image of themselves and a self-awareness of their values and inner feelings.