Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Automated Abdominal Aortic Calcification And Trabecular Bone Score Independently Predict Incident Fracture During Routine Osteoporosis Screening, Abadi K. Gebre, Marc Sim, Syed Zulqarnain Gilani, Afsah Saleem, Cassandra Smith, Didier Hans, Siobhan Reid, Barret A. Monchka, Douglas Kimelman, Mohammad Jafari Jozani, John T. Schousboe, Joshua R. Lewis, William D. Leslie, Joshua R. Lewis

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a marker of subclinical cardiovascular disease, has previously shown to be associated with low BMD and fracture. However, it remains unclear whether AAC is associated with trabecular bone score (TBS), a gray-level textural measure, or whether it predicts fracture risk independent of this measure. Here, we examined the cross-sectional association of AAC scored using a validated machine learning algorithm (ML-AAC24) with TBS, and their simultaneous associations with incident fractures in 7691 individuals (93.4% women) through the Manitoba BMD Registry (mean age 75.3 yr). The association between ML-AAC24 and TBS was tested using generalized linear regression. Cox …

Pre-Operative Antiplatelet Therapy Is Associated With Increased Risk Of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Shoulder Arthroplasty, Muhammad Hamza Ilyas, Mohammad Daher, Viraj Deshpande, Adam Lindsay, Joseph A. Abboud, Hafiz F. Kassam

Rothman Institute Papers

Background Antiplatelet therapy is widely prescribed for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease and for mitigation of thromboembolic risk. However, its impact on post-operative periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) remains poorly defined.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX US Research Network. Propensity score matching was performed to balance demographics, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index variables. The primary outcome was the incidence of PJI at 90 days, 6 months, and 1 year. Secondary outcomes included post-operative medical and surgical complications. Comparative risk was quantified using risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup …

Gene-Agnostic Therapeutic Strategies For Inherited Retinal Diseases: Neuroprotection And Immunomodulation, Lucas W. Rowe, S. Patricia Becerra, Robert E. Maclaren, Robert L. Avery, Charles C. Wykoff, Allen C. Ho, Carl D. Regillo, Dean Eliott, Andrew Osborne, Katie M. Binley, Thomas A. Ciulla

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Background/Objectives: Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) represent a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by mutations in over 280 genes with more than 3100 identified variants. While gene-specific replacement therapies have achieved landmark success with voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna) for biallelic RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy, developing individual therapies for each genetic subtype remains impractical. This review examines gene-agnostic therapeutic approaches utilizing neuroprotection and immunomodulation that target common pathophysiological mechanisms shared across multiple IRD genotypes. Methods: We reviewed the literature on neuroprotective and immunomodulatory gene therapy strategies for IRDs, focusing on neurotrophic factors and complement system modulation. Results: Neuroprotective approaches delivering neurotrophic factors—including pigment …

The Blurred Boundaries Of Care: A Qualitative Analysis Of Nurse-Doula Role Conflict, Curisa Mae Tucker Phd, Rn, Maria Mcclam, Kelly Russin Dnp, Rnc-Ob, Chse, Nansi Boghossian, Rachel Gulczinski, Lauren Workman

Faculty Publications

Introduction:

Methods:

Patterns Of Multimorbidity Among Low-Income Adults Who Smoke With Implications For Tailored Interventions: A Cluster Analysis Using A Mixture Of Bernoulli Model, Monique T. Cano, Michael R. Lindstrom, Oscar F. Rojas Perez, Ricardo F. Muñoz

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Introduction: Smoking cigarettes remains a leading modifiable risk factor for preventable health conditions. In the United States, the health burden of smoking disproportionately impacts low-income individuals. Multimorbidity is common in this group, complicating treatment and worsening outcomes. Identifying multimorbidity clusters can support targeted, individualized interventions. This study aimed to identify multimorbidity clusters among individuals who smoke and experience economic hardship and provide clinical recommendations to enhance health outcomes.

Method: Individuals who smoke and experience economic hardship (N = 60) were recruited from the San Francisco Health Network (SFHN) and were assessed for physical and mental conditions. Cluster analysis was …

Bilateral Vocal Process Avulsion: A Rare Complication Of Laryngeal Trauma., Hye Rhee Chi, Omar Ramadan, Robert T Sataloff

Otolaryngology (ENT) Resident Research

Vocal process avulsion is a rare and often overlooked complication of laryngeal trauma, most commonly associated with endotracheal intubation. It involves detachment of the vocal process from the body of the arytenoid cartilage, leading to dysphonia, dysphagia, voice fatigue, and/or aspiration. While strobovideolaryngoscopy and laryngeal electromyography may suggest underlying structural disruption, diagnosis can be challenging when findings are subtle or imaging is inconclusive. Definitive diagnosis and management typically involves surgical evaluation and repair to restore vocal fold tension and glottic competence. We present the first documented case of bilateral vocal process avulsion following endotracheal intubation.

Deep Brain Stimulation For Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review Of Molecular Imaging With Pet, Shiv Patil, Alexander Gerlach, Fnu Jeevika, Raj Patel, Emily Christner, Jaskeerat Gujral, Om H. Gandhi, Milo Writer, Nicholas M. Wang, Anastasia Kopylova, Satoria A. Zagorski, Cyrus Ayubcha, Thomas Werner, Abass Alavi, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an evolving technique for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders refractory to conventional pharmacotherapy. Neuroimaging with positron emission tomography (PET) has an important role in the planning, delivery, and post-surgical monitoring of DBS. This study aims to determine the clinical relevance of PET as a biomarker of disease status and response to DBS for patients with psychiatric disorders.

METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to identify original research studies that applied PET to study the effects of DBS for patients with psychiatric conditions (major depressive …

Oral Pcsk9 Inhibitor Enlicitide Versus Oral Nonstatin Therapies: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial, Alberico L Catapano, Elina Mikhailova, Ann Marie Navar, Puja Banka, Pablo Corral, Manish Saxena, P Gabriel Steg, Subodh Verma, Andrew Yacoub Kordahi, Geraldine Mendizabal, Pengfei Zhu, Christie M Ballantyne, Coralreef Addon Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Many adults fail to achieve guideline-directed low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals on statin monotherapy, requiring additional nonstatin lipid-lowering medication. Enlicitide, an oral proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, lowered LDL-C by 60% compared with placebo; its efficacy compared with other oral nonstatin therapies has yet to be examined.

Objectives: This study assessed the efficacy of enlicitide, a novel oral PCSK9 inhibitor, vs other oral nonstatin therapies.

Methods: In this phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active-comparator trial, statin-treated adults aged ≥18 years with LDL-C ≥55 mg/dL and a previous major atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event, or LDL-C ≥70 mg/dL if at …

From Arrival To Opportunity: A Policy Analysis For Supporting Newly Arrived English Learners In California, Valeria Gabrielli, Stephanie Mendoza Hernandez

School of Public Policy Capstones

Newly arrived immigrant students, commonly referred to as “newcomers,” represent a notable portion of the English Learner (EL) population in California’s K–12 public schools. As of Fall 2023, the California Department of Education reported that newcomers comprised 3.27% of total student enrollment. Although enrollment is projected to decline in the near term, the potential for future increases highlights the need for sustainable, evidence-based support systems. This study examines how California K–12 public schools with large EL populations provide academic and trauma-informed support services to newcomer students, with a particular focus on early intervention in grades K–5. Using the Bardach policy …

Community Pharmacies Face Critical Sustainability Challenges In The United States: Academic Pharmacy Can Help, Karl M. Hess, Peter Lim

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Community pharmacies in the United States (US) face an increasingly unsustainable future due to declining third-party reimbursement (remuneration) and ongoing cash flow challenges following the elimination of retroactive direct and indirect remuneration (DIR) fees. These pressures have contributed to widespread pharmacy closures, the emergence of pharmacy deserts, and reduced access to care for millions of patients. Despite these challenges, community pharmacy remains the most common employment setting for pharmacy school graduates in the US. However, currently required community pharmacy Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) student rotations may offer limited exposure to business, management, and entrepreneurial activities, potentially leaving students underprepared …

Response To Letter: Assessment Of Postoperative Range Of Motion In Pediatric Patients Undergoing Surgical Reduction And Fixation Of Lateral Condyle Fractures, Gabrielle Rogie, Timothy Borden, Lindsay Crawford, Surya Mundluru, Brennan Roper, Rohini Mahajan Vanodia, Shiraz Younas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Cilia Dynamics In Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Biophysical Characterization Of The Rsph4a Founder Variant, Gabriel Rosario-Ortiz, José Muñiz-Hernández, Natalia M Ortiz-Pérez, Marcos J Ramos-Benitez, Ricardo A Mosquera, Wilfredo De Jesús-Rojas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare ciliopathy resulting in chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease. PCD diagnosis can be achieved by a combination of different diagnostic and adjuvant tools, including high-speed video-microscopy analysis (HSVA). A founder variant has been described in Puerto Rico as the most common cause of PCD in the island. Background/Objectives: In HSVA, objective parameters such as ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and subjective parameters such as ciliary beat pattern (CBP) shed light on the biophysical properties of cilia. However, the subjective nature of CBP creates a gap in knowledge; characteristics such as the length, angle, and bending index of …

Machine Learning Prediction Of Discharge Destination In Patients With Parkinson’S Disease; A Nationwide Cohort Study, Hikaru Kamo, Tejas R. Mehta, Matthew Remz, Rachael M. Burke, Anne Brooks, Adrianne Smiley, Michael S. Okun, Christopher W. Hess

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Risk stratification during hospitalization may support real-world discharge planning. We developed and validated machine learning models and an interpretable risk score to predict discharge destination among patients hospitalized with Parkinson's disease using a nationwide administrative claims database. Adults aged ≥50 years hospitalized between November 2017 and June 2023 were included, and the first hospitalization was defined as the index admission. Discharge destination was categorized as home, facility, or in-hospital death. The dataset was randomly divided into training (80%) and testing (20%) cohorts. Random forest models were constructed for all discharge outcomes, and an elastic net logistic regression model was developed …

Association Between The Dietary Index For Gut Microbiota (Di-Gm) And Colorectal Cancer In The Plco Cohort, Bezawit E. Kase, Angela D. Liese Ph.D., Jiajia Zhang Ph.D., Elizabeth Angela Murphy, Susan E. Steck Phd, Mph, Rd

Faculty Publications

Objectives: The study aimed to examine the association between a dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) and the risk of incident colorectal cancer (CRC). Clarifying the role of diet-induced alterations in the composition and function of gut microbiota on the development of CRC can contribute to prevention efforts. Methods: Participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial enrolled in the intervention arm and who completed baseline assessments were included in the analysis (n = 55,685). The DI-GM is a literature-derived index used to score diet quality in terms of maintaining healthy gut microbiota. A time-dependent Cox model …

Association Between The Dietary Index For Gut Microbiota (Di-Gm) And Colorectal Cancer In The Plco Cohort, Bezawit E. Kase, Angela D. Liese, Jiajia Zhang, Elizabeth Angela Murphy, Susan E. Steck

Faculty Publications

Objectives: The study aimed to examine the association between a dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) and the risk of incident colorectal cancer (CRC). Clarifying the role of diet-induced alterations in the composition and function of gut microbiota on the development of CRC can contribute to prevention efforts. Methods: Participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial enrolled in the intervention arm and who completed baseline assessments were included in the analysis (n = 55,685). The DI-GM is a literature-derived index used to score diet quality in terms of maintaining healthy gut microbiota. A time-dependent Cox model …

An Atlas Of Genetic Effects On The Monocyte Methylome Across European And African Populations, Wanheng Zhang, Chuan Qiu, Xiao Zhang, Zichen Zhang, Kuan-Jui Su, Zhe Luo, Minghui Liu, Bingxin Zhao, Lang Wu, Qing Tian, Hui Shen, Chong Wu, Hong-Wen Deng

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

The Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Alters The Cytoskeleton To Modulate Cell Proliferation And Migration In Aggressive Prostate Cancer, Rajina Shakya, Praveen Suraneni, Amit Rahi, Michael Y Young, Emily Cousino, Christine B Magdongon, Raju Gajjela, Basil B Mattamana, Alexander Zaslavsky, Ganesh S Palapattu, Arun Sreekumar, Dileep Varma

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progresses despite androgen deprivation therapy, as cancer cells adapt to grow without testosterone, becoming more aggressive and prone to metastasis. CRPC biology complicates the development of effective therapies, posing challenges for patient care. Recent gene-expression and metabolomics studies highlight the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) as a critical player, with key components like GNPNAT1 (Glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1) being downregulated in CRPC. GNPNAT1 knockdown in pre-clinical models has been shown to increase growth and metastasis in CRPC tumors, though the mechanisms remain unclear.To investigate the cellular basis of these CRPC phenotypes, we generated a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout model of …

Influenza Infection Has Higher Risk Of Postoperative Complications Than Covid-19 In Shoulder Arthroplasty Patients, Jad J Lawand, Umar Ghilzai, Caleb Witsken, Dion Birhiray, Abdullah Ghali, Youssef M Khalafallah, Rohan G Reddy, Sameer R Khawaja, Adil Shahzad Ahmed

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has captured the attention of healthcare systems worldwide, and testing remains a mainstay of preoperative testing before all surgical procedures, including shoulder arthroplasty. Other viral illnesses, specifically influenza, while still having severe complications, are either overshadowed by testing for COVID-19 or not tested at all.

METHODS: A multi-institutional cohort study using the TriNetX network examined patients undergoing total or hemi shoulder arthroplasty from January 2020 to March 2024. Matched cohorts were created: one with influenza and one with COVID-19 infection, 14 days before surgery.

RESULTS: A total of 3233 and 18,209 patients were included in the …

Letter To The Editor: Evidence For A Two-Step Species-Level Pulmonary Nocardiosis Diagnostic Approach, John Halphen, Mohadese Ahmadzade, Babith Mankidy, Ashkan Berenji, Mohammad Ghasemi-Rad

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Pulmonary nocardiosis, a rare and diagnostically challenging infection, usually presents with heterogeneous radiographic findings, compounded by the low sensitivity of traditional confirmatory cultures. In their most recent work, Wang et al analyzed 102 patients with pulmonary nocardiosis to address these concerns, investigating species-characteristic imaging patterns, pathological associations, and the role of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnostic approach. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) in adult patients with pulmonary infections caused by Nocardia wallacei was demonstrated to have a sensitive (85.71%) and specific (83.34%) presentation of bronchopneumonia in relation to the five Nocardia species in the sample with CT data. The …

Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms And Maternal-Infant Bonding: A Longitudinal Examination Of Depression And Relationship Quality, Journa Njoh, Jonathan S Abramowitz, Rashelle Musci, Mary C Kimmel, Lauren M Osborne, Jack Samuels, Paul Nestadt, Gerald Nestadt, Eric A Storch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background

Perinatal obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms are common and distressing, yet their impact on early parenting outcomes such as maternal-infant bonding remains poorly understood. Although prior research links maternal depression and anxiety to bonding difficulties, less is known about how perinatal OC symptoms relate to maternal-infant bonding over time, or the extent to which maternal-partner relationship quality is associated with these outcomes, and whether depressive symptoms explain observed associations.

Methods

Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of 256 pregnant women recruited from two U.S. sites between 2020 and 2023. Participants completed self-report and clinician-administered assessments at 20 weeks (PGWK20), 34 …

Collaborative Care For Depression In Chronic Illness: A Narrative Review, Chun Wong, German E. Corso

School of Medicine Publications

Background: Depression commonly coexists with chronic medical illness and is associated with impaired self-management, poor adherence, increased healthcare utilization, and higher mortality.

Objective: To synthesize evidence published between 2000 and late 2025 on the effectiveness of the Collaborative Care Model (CoCM) for depression in adults with chronic medical illness, with particular attention to contemporary U.S. implementation, policy, and equity considerations.

Methods: A narrative review of randomized controlled trials, pragmatic and implementation studies, systematic reviews, and policy analyses was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Evidence addressing collaborative care for depression in adults with chronic medical illness was identified and synthesized …

Influence Of Depressive Symptoms On Disease Activity In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Mediating Effect Of Self-Efficacy, Wen-Wei Lin, Chieh-Tsung Yen, Hua-Lung Huang, Hanoch Livneh, Ming-Chi Lu, Wei-Jen Chen, Tzung-Yi Tsai

Leadership, Learning and Counseling Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background and Objectives:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a lifelong autoimmune disease in which joint inflammation is caused by a dysfunctional immune system. Synchronous depressive symptoms have been identified as determinants of disease progression, especially disease activity as measured using the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28). Although growing evidence suggests the interplay between depression and DAS28 in RA, related findings remain inconsistent, implying that a pivotal underlying mechanism is overlooked. Hence, we aimed to examine whether self-efficacy, the belief in one’s ability to manage health, could mediate the association between depressive symptoms and DAS28.

Materials and Methods:

Between January and October …

Bioinformatics Analysis Of Trpv1 Expression And Its Role In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis, Vivek K. Kashyap, Bhuvnesh P. Sharma, Himanshu N. Singh, Sanjay Kumar, Deepak Verma, Deepak Parashar, Murali M. Yallapu, Everardo Cobos, Subhash Chauhan

School of Medicine Publications

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most lethal malignancies globally, with a persistently poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and limited therapeutic options available. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a calcium-permeable cation channel, plays critical roles in cancer pathogenesis across several cancer types, but its role in HCC remains poorly defined.

Methods: We performed an integrative bioinformatics analysis of TRPV1 utilizing multiple public databases, including TCGA, GEO, TIMER, UALCAN, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, and COSMIC in HCC. We examined the TRPV1 expression profile, prognostic significance, genetic alterations, DNA methylation status, co-expression networks, and correlations with immune infiltration. Single-cell RNA …

Strain Gauge Analysis And Deformation Detection Of Maxillary Denture Bases Reinforced By Cad/Cam Milled Zirconia And Cobalt Chromium (Co-Cr) Frameworks: An In-Vitro Study, Maha Nagy Kamal, Marwa Ezzat Sabet, Ghada Mahmoud Elgindy, Hebatallah Tarek Mohamed

Dentistry

Background A lot of studies have demonstrated the increased hardness of the reinforced maxillary dentures. However, the amount of stress induced by different reinforcement materials under the reinforcement dentures and their effect on the underlying supporting tissues and on the deformation of the denture bases were questionable. This study was conducted to compare the stresses induced within the supporting oral tissues from maxillary denture bases reinforced with computer-aided designing/computer-aided manufacturing CAD/CAM zirconia framework or cobalt chrome (Co-Cr) framework, and to detect the deformation that occurred to these bases. Materials and methods Twenty-six maxillary complete dentures were fabricated and divided into …

Associations Between Caregiver-Provider Communication Quality And Unmet Care Needs Among Older Adults, Jiaming Liang, Rafael Samper-Ternent, Brian Downer, Zhigang Xie

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Unmet care needs (lack of assistance with daily activities) among older adults are common and linked to adverse health outcomes, greater healthcare utilization, and caregiver burden. While effective patient-provider communication is known to improve care quality, less is understood about the role of caregiver-provider communication, particularly across sociodemographic, health, and caregiving contexts. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of pooled 2021–2023 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) data, restricted to community-dwelling older adults (65 + years) who received assistance from caregivers due to difficulty with daily activities, and had at least …

Increasing Utilization Trends Of Robotic Assistance In Orthopaedic Surgery, Anish K. Ponna, Alec Giakas, Anthony A. Khoudary, Spencer N. Uggla, Sina Ramtin, Yousef A. Soliman, Asif M. Ilyas

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Robotic-assisted surgeries in orthopaedics have increased, particularly in hip and knee arthroplasty and spine surgeries. This study evaluates national utilization trends of robotic-assisted orthopaedic surgeries and demographic and geographic distribution of patients undergoing these surgeries.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty, total and partial knee arthroplasty, or spine arthrodesis from 2017 to 2023 using the TriNetX database. Relevant International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, and Current Procedural Terminology codes identified patients who underwent a primary surgery with a corresponding robot-assisted code on the same day. Temporal trends in procedural volume were …

Measurable Residual Disease Testing In Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current State, Foundational Models, And Tools For Future Development, Joseph Van Galen, Stephen D. Willis, Ashish Bains, Sara H. Small

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a lethal and rapidly progressive hematologic malignancy with high rates of relapse and treatment refractoriness. Management of AML is complicated by biological heterogeneity in a disease that is broadly defined by the clonal expansion of myeloblasts that otherwise play an important role in healthy marrow tissues. While subtypes of AML are increasingly defined by druggable driver mutations including FLT3-ITD, IDH1, IDH2, and NPM1, conventional chemotherapy and reduced intensity induction regimens (e.g., azacitidine-venetoclax) remain therapeutic backbones. One area of active development for personalization of AML treatment is the assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD). MRD testing …

Artificial Accelerated Aging And Red Wine Staining On Color Stability In Dental Composites, Zeynep Hale Keleş, Marilia Mattos Sly, Rosa Llisel Ocampo Escobedo, Nuray Kösem, Yonca Korkmaz-Ceyhan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background

The resistance of composite resins to discoloration, staining, and aging is essential for preserving both the aesthetic quality and long-term durability of dental restorations.

Objective

The study aims to evaluate the effects of artificial accelerated aging (AAA) and red wine staining on the color stability of resin composites.

Methods

A2 color disc-shaped specimens (10-mm in diameter, 2-mm thick, n = 5) of 3 resin composites: G-aenial Universal Injectable (GC Corp, Japan), G-aenial A’CHORD (GC Corp, Japan), G-aenial Anterior (GC Corp, Japan), were polymerized using a curing light through a Mylar strip and a 1-mm glass slide for 40 s. …

Using Diffusion Mri To Relate Hippocampal Subfield Microstructure To Delayed Verbal Memory In Cognitively Intact Individuals At Genetic Risk For Developing Alzheimer's Disease, Jennapher Lingo Vangilder, Andrew Hooyman, Sasha Hakhu, Kurt G. Schilling, Leland S. Hu, Yuxiang Zhou, Richard J. Caselli, Leslie C. Baxter, Scott C. Beeman

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Intervention to delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important treatment strategy but detecting at-risk individuals before significant disease progression remains challenging. This study evaluates the relationship between hippocampal microstructure and verbal cognition in cognitively intact older adults, focusing on the differences between APOΕ ε4 allele carriers and noncarriers. Participants (n = 41 noncarriers, 33 carriers) over 60 years old (mean ± SD: carriers 71 ± 6.6; noncarriers 71 ± 6.4 years) underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and volumetric assessments. We assessed hippocampal structure, including microstructure, using Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), diffusion tensor …

Prescription Tradeoff Decision Support For Pancreas Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: From Templates To Artificial Intelligence Models, Yibo Xie, Manisha Palta, Ruilin Li, Wentao Wang, Qiuwen Wu, Yaorong Ge, Q. Jackie Wu, Yang Sheng

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Objective: To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) driven plan tradeoff decision making assistant for radiation oncologists. Methods: A user interface (UI) was developed to integrate the assistant with the treatment planning system to facilitate prescription decision process. The assistant is powered by a machine learning core which was trained to learn the balance between planning target volume (PTV) coverage and organs-at-risk (OAR) sparing. A group of 98 pancreatic stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) cases were retrospectively included for this study. The clinical plan's PTV coverage was compared against the model predicted value. A 10-fold cross validation was performed for all …