Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Politics Of Embryonic Discourse, Kevin Quinn

Faculty Publications

In our brave new world of stem cells, clones, and parthenotes, how should we talk about early human embryos? In fashioning a response to this very thorny question, Ann Kiessling has a core message. It is: (1)that new science produces "new" conceptuses;(2) that science and scientists have failed to differentiate (with appropriate clarity) these new ex vivo conceptuses from those createdin vivo; (3) that new, more appropriate and scientifically-informed, terms are necessary; and (4) that this new language should transform the public discourse about human embryos. No one would deny that the subtleties of human embryology are neglected in public …

Defining Accelerometer Thresholds For Activity Intensities In Adolescent Girls, Margarita S. Treuth, Kathryn H. Schmitz, Diane J. Catellier, Robert G. Mcmurray, David M. Murray, Maria João C. A. Almeida, Scott Going, James E. Norman, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Purpose - To derive a regression equation that estimates metabolic equivalent (MET) from accelerometer counts, and to define thresholds of accelerometer counts that can be used to delineate sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activity.

Methods - Seventy-four healthy 8th grade girls, age 13-14 yr, were recruited from urban areas of Baltimore, MD, Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN, and Columbia, SC, to participate in the study. Accelerometer and oxygen consumption (VO₂) data for 10 activities that varied in intensity from sedentary (e.g., TV watching) to vigorous (e.g., running) were collected. While performing these activities, the girls wore two accelerometers, a heart …

Can Professional Development Programs Help Close The Achievement Gap?, C. Jayne Brahler

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

This paper explores the question of whether it is possible to design professional development programs for teachers that can significantly improve student test results and reduce the achievement gap for students.

The Dayton (Ohio) Foundation and the Montgomery County (Ohio) Educational Service Center, sponsors of The Miami Valley Teacher/Leadership Academy, answer this question with a resounding yes. Recent results indicate that the academy's two-year program, designed to provide professional development to help improve student test scores, not only succeeded in significantly improving the student proficiency mean score, but also considerably reduced the achievement gap for participating students.

This paper includes …

Predictors Of Paralysis In The Rheumatoid Cervical Spine In Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty., Jonathan N Grauer, Edwin M Tingstad, Nahshon Rand, Michael J Christie, Alan Hilibrand

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis is sometimes associated with radiographic evidence of instability of the cervical spine, most commonly an abnormal subluxation between vertebrae. When this instability compromises the space that is available for the spinal cord, it may be predictive of paralysis. However, the prevalence of radiographic signs of instability that are predictive of paralysis among patients with nonspinal orthopaedic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown.

METHODS: Radiographs of the cervical spine of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had undergone total joint arthroplasty over a five-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The radiographs were evaluated for predictors of paralysis (a posterior atlantodental …

Synthetic Fragments Of Vibrio Cholerae O1 Inaba O-Specific Polysaccharide Bound To A Protein Carrier Are Immunogenic In Mice But Do Not Induce Protective Antibodies, Michael D. Meeks, Rina Saksena, Xingquan Ma, Terri K. Wade, Ronald K. Taylor, Pavol Kováč, William F. Wade

Dartmouth Scholarship

Development of Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a cholera vaccine immunogen is justified by the correlation of vibriocidal anti-LPS response with immunity. Two V. cholerae O1 LPS serotypes, Inaba and Ogawa, are associated with endemic and pandemic cholera. Both serotypes induce protective antibody following infection or vaccination. Structurally, the LPSs that define the serotypes are identical except for the terminal perosamine moiety, which has a methoxyl group at position 2 in Ogawa but a hydroxyl group in Inaba. The terminal sugar of the Ogawa LPS is a protective B-cell epitope. We chemically synthesized the terminal hexasaccharides of V. cholerae serotype …

A Novel Triterpenoid Induces Transforming Growth Factor Β Production By Intraepithelial Lymphocytes To Prevent Ileitis, Laurie A. Minns, Dominique Buzoni-Gatel, Kenneth H. Ely, Nicolas Rachinel, Souphalone Luangsay, Lloyd H. Kasper

Dartmouth Scholarship

The loss of homeostasis is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease. Oral infection of susceptible mice with Toxoplasma gondii results in an acute lethal ileitis characterized by increased interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase; homeostasis results from transforming growth factor β production by intraepithelial lymphocytes. The synthetic oleanane triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule previously shown in vitro to suppress the de novo synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase and to induce the transcription and activation of genes from the transforming growth factor β signaling pathway. We evaluated the immune response in …

Ulnar-Sided Wrist Pain: Diagnosis And Treatment, Alexander Y. Shin, Mark A. Deitch, Kavi Sachar, Martin I. Boyer

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

What's New In Spine Surgery, Keith H. Bridwell, Paul A. Anderson, Scott D. Boden, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Jack E. Zigler

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Activation Of The Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway Contributes To Survival Of Primary Epithelial Cells Infected With The Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Özlem Yilmaz, Thomas Jungas, Philippe Verbeke, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen, infects primary gingival epithelial cells (GECs). Despite the large number of bacteria that replicate inside the GECs, the host cell remains viable. We demonstrate that P. gingivalis triggers rapid and reversible surface phosphatidylserine exposure through a mechanism requiring caspase activation. However, after 1 day of infection, the bacteria no longer induce phosphatidylserine externalization and instead protect infected cells against apoptosis. Infection exerts its effect at the level of mitochondria, as P. gingivalis also blocks depolarization of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and cytochrome c release. Interestingly, protein kinase B/Akt is phosphorylated during infection, which can …

Designing And Implementing A Balanced Scorecard: Lessons Learned In Nonprofit Implementation, Andra Gumbus, Tom Wilson

WCBT Faculty Publications

The balanced scorecard has been referred to as the management innovation of the century, and extensive articles have been written using case studies of organizations that use this performance measurement system. This article addresses the key issues of design and implementation with a step-by-step guide to how to design a balanced scorecard and lessons to avoid implementation problems in government and nonprofit settings.

Solid Cystic Papillary Epithelial Neoplasm Of Pancreas: A Series Of Three Cases With Review Of Literature, Z Ahmed, N Yaqoob, S Muzaffar, N Kayani, R Minhas

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Cancer Esophagus Karachi 1995-2002:Epidemiology, Risk Factors And Trends, Y. Bhurgri, N. Faridi, L. A.G. Kazi, S. K. Ali, H. Bhurgri, A. Usman, J. Malik, A. Bhurgri, R. Ahmed, S. Muzaffar, N. Kayani, Shahid Pervez, S. H. Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To study the trends of cancer esophagus in Karachi South during 1995-2002 and identify risk factors.

Methods: Incident esophageal cancer cases recorded at the Karachi Cancer Registry for Karachi South, during 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2003 were reviewed. For maximum completion of data, incident cases registered from 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2002 were included for final analyses.

Results: The Age Standardized Incidence Rates (ASIRs) of cancer esophagus in Karachi South for males were 6.5/100,000 (1995-1997) and 6.4/100,000 (1998-2002). In females the observed rates were 7.0/100,000 (1995-1997) and 8.6/100,000 (1998-2002).

Conclusion: In the moderately high incidence, …

Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema: Case Report, S M. Abbas, M Q. Hoda

Department of Anaesthesia

No abstract provided.

Evidence That Catalytically-Inactivated Thrombin Forms Dimers That Bridge Between Fibrin/Fibrinogen Fibers And Enhance Polymerization, Michael W. Mosesson, Irene Hernandez, Kevin R. Siebenlist

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Phe-pro-arg-chloromethyl ketone-inhibited α-thrombin [FPRα-thr] retains its fibrinogen recognition site (exosite 1), augments fibrin/fibrinogen [fibrin(ogen)] polymerization, and increases the incorporation of fibrin into clots. There are two ‘low-affinity’ thrombin-binding sites in each central E domain of fibrin, plus a non-substrate ‘high affinity’ γ′ chain thrombin-binding site on heterodimeric ‘fibrin(ogen) 2’ molecules (γ_A,γ′). ‘Fibrin(ogen) 1’ (γ_A, γ_A) containing only low-affinity thrombin-binding sites, showed concentration-dependent FPRα-thr enhancement of polymerization, thus indicating that low-affinity sites are sufficient for enhancing polymerization. FPRγ-thr, whose exosite 1 is non-functional, did not enhance polymerization of either fibrin(ogen)s 1 or 2 and DNA aptamer …

Linking Session Focus To Treatment Outcome In Evidence-Based Treatments For Adolescent Substance Abuse, Aaron Hogue, Howard A. Liddle, Sarah Dauber, Jessica Samuolis

Psychology Faculty Publications

The relation between specific therapy techniques and treatment outcome was examined for 2 empirically supported treatments for adolescent substance abuse: individual cognitive–behavioral therapy and multidimensional family therapy. Participants were 51 inner-city, substance-abusing adolescents receiving outpatient psychotherapy within a larger randomized trial. One session per case was evaluated using a 17-item observational measure of model-specific techniques and therapeutic foci. Exploratory factor analysis identified 2 subscales, Adolescent Focus and Family Focus, with strong interrater reliability and internal consistency. Process–outcome analyses revealed that family focus, but not adolescent focus, predicted posttreatment improvement in drug use, externalizing symptoms, and internalizing symptoms within both study …

Transvaginal Sonography- Technique And Limitations, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

Extending In Vitro Conditioning In Aplysia To Analyze Operant And Classical Processes In The Same Preparation, Björn Brembs, Douglas A. Baxter, John H. Byrne

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Operant and classical conditioning are major processes shaping behavioral responses in all animals. Although the understanding of the mechanisms of classical conditioning has expanded significantly, the understanding of the mechanisms of operant conditioning is more limited. Recent developments in Aplysia are helping to narrow the gap in the level of understanding between operant and classical conditioning, and have raised the possibility of studying the neuronal processes underlying the interaction of operant and classical components in a relatively complex learning task. In the present study, we describe a first step toward realizing this goal, by developing a single in vitro preparation …

First Trimester Diagnosis Of Meckel Gruber Syndrome In Pregnancy, S Munim, S Nadeem, R Sikandar

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

No abstract provided.

Sadb Is Required For The Transition From Reversible To Irreversible Attachment During Biofilm Formation By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pa14, Nicky C. Caiazza, George A. O'Toole

Dartmouth Scholarship

Current models of biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa propose that (i) planktonic cells become surface associated in a monolayer, (ii) surface-associated cells form microcolonies by clonal growth and/or aggregation, (iii) microcolonies transition to a mature biofilm comprised of exopolysaccharide-encased macrocolonies, and (iv) cells exit the mature biofilm and reenter the planktonic state. Here we report a new class of P. aeruginosa biofilm mutant that defines the transition from reversible to irreversible attachment and is thus required for monolayer formation. The transposon insertion carried by the sadB199 mutant was mapped to open reading frame PA5346 of P. aeruginosa PA14 and encodes …

Gender And Age Differences In Brazilian Children’S Friendship Nominations And Peer Sociometric Ratings, Maria Rosario De Guzman, Gustavo Carlo, Lenna L. Ontai, Silvia H. Koller, George P. Knight

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine gender-and age-related patterns of friendship preferences among Brazilian children. In particular, we examined: (a) children’s same-sex friendship preference, and its greater intensity among older children; (b) higher exclusivity among girls and higher inclusiveness among boys; and (c) generally higher exclusivity and inclusiveness among older children. Participants were 210 (110 boys, 100 girls) public school students from Brazil who ranged in age from 3.0 to 10.5 years of age. Children were asked to nominate their best friends and to rate how much they liked and disliked each of their other classmates. Children generally …

Learning Nursing Research Through Faculty-Mentored Projects, Patricia K. Ravert, Ben Boyer, Kirsten Harmon, Holly Scoffield

Faculty Publications

Baccalaureate nursing educators have incorporated nursing research content into the curriculum for many years. Our university also proposes that students have a faculty-mentored learning experience at least once during their undergraduate education. Student research, guided by a faculty mentor, provides an excellent opportunity for students to learn about and participate in nursing research. The authors describe a unique experience of nursing students working as research assistants in a faculty research project using a human patient simulator.

Proceedings Of The National Workshop On Footrot, Perth 19-21 August 2003, R K. Mitchell, A R B Higgs, A R. Mercy

Agriculture reports

The financial support of Australian Wool Innovation Ltd (AWI) made it possible for representatives of a range of organisations from across Australia to meet and review ovine footrot. This national workshop held in Perth in August 2003, was the first of its kind for several years and brought together senior researchers, policy makers and producers from all States. The workshop provided an opportunity for the varied approach to footrot control across Australia to be considered in terms of a national approach to footrot control and also for individual States to review their current strategies in the light of experiences in …

Double Dissociation Between The Effects Of Peri-Postrhinal Cortex And Hippocampal Lesions On Tests Of Object Recognition And Spatial Memory: Heterogeneity Of Function Within The Temporal Lobe., Boyer D Winters, Suzanna E Forwood, Rosemary A Cowell, Lisa M Saksida, Timothy J Bussey

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

It is widely believed that declarative memory is mediated by a medial temporal lobe memory system consisting of several distinct structures, including the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex. The strong version of this view assumes a high degree of functional homogeneity and serial organization within the medial temporal lobe, such that double dissociations between individual structures should not be possible. In the present study, we tested for a functional double dissociation between the hippocampus and peri-postrhinal cortex in a single experiment. Rats with bilateral excitotoxic lesions of either the hippocampus or peri-postrhinal cortex were assessed in tests of spatial memory (radial …

Efficacy Of Quality Criteria To Identify Potentially Harmful Information: A Cross-Sectional Survey Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine Web Sites, Muhammad Walji, Smitha Sagaram, Deepak Sagaram, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Craig Johnson, Nadeem Q Mirza, Elmer V Bernstam

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Many users search the Internet for answers to health questions. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a particularly common search topic. Because many CAM therapies do not require a clinician's prescription, false or misleading CAM information may be more dangerous than information about traditional therapies. Many quality criteria have been suggested to filter out potentially harmful online health information. However, assessing the accuracy of CAM information is uniquely challenging since CAM is generally not supported by conventional literature. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether domain-independent technical quality criteria can identify potentially harmful online CAM content. …

Accuracy Of Msi Testing In Predicting Germline Mutations Of Msh2 And Mlh1: A Case Study In Bayesian Meta-Analysis Of Diagnostic Tests Without A Gold Standard, Sining Chen, Patrice Watson, Giovanni Parmigiani

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing is a common screening procedure used to identify families that may harbor mutations of a mismatch repair gene and therefore may be at high risk for hereditary colorectal cancer. A reliable estimate of sensitivity and specificity of MSI for detecting germline mutations of mismatch repair genes is critical in genetic counseling and colorectal cancer prevention. Several studies published results of both MSI and mutation analysis on the same subjects. In this article we perform a meta-analysis of these studies and obtain estimates that can be directly used in counseling and screening. In particular we estimate the …

Reinforcement Expectations Explain The Relationship Between Depressive History And Smoking Status In College Students, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Bonnie Spring, Jessica Werth Cook, Christopher A. Neumann

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Little is understood about biobehavioral mechanisms that mediate the comorbidity between cigarette smoking and depression. We hypothesized that expectancies about nicotine’s reinforcing effects are associated with vulnerability to depression, and may partially explain the relationship between history of depression and smoking. Young adult smokers and never smokers (N = 175, mean age = 19.9 years, S.D. = 3.2) were assessed for history of depression and expectations about the negative (e.g., dispels bad moods) and positive (e.g., increases pleasure) reinforcing effects of smoking. Results are inconsistent with the premise that negative reinforcement expectancies mediate the comorbidity between depression and nicotine …

Ada News - 06/21/2004, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Problem Behavior Theory: An Examination Of The Behavior Structure System In Latino And Non-Latino College Students, Byron L. Zamboanga, Gustavo Carlo, Marcela Raffaelli

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Scholars have proposed that diverse problem and conventional behaviors reflect a single underlying factor; however, others suggest that the strength and pattern of interrelations among problem and conventional behaviors are not consistent across different cultural groups. The present study investigated the factor structure of problem and conventional behaviors in Cuban, non-Cuban Latino, and non-Latino college students. Two hundred and sixty-nine college students (70% women; M age=19.0, SD=2.34) reported on their substance use, and involvement in deviant (e.g., fighting, shoplifting, vandalism) and conventional (e.g., school performance, religiosity) behaviors. In support of the behavior system of Problem Behavior Theory (PBT), a single-common …

Racial Discrepancies In The Association Between Paternal Vs. Maternal Educational Level And Risk Of Low Birthweight In Washington State, Christina Nicolaidis, Cynthia W. Ko, Somnath Saha, Thomas D. Koepsell

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The role of paternal factors in determining the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes has received less attention than maternal factors. Similarly, the interaction between the effects of race and socioeconomic status (SES) on pregnancy outcomes is not well known. Our objective was to assess the relative importance of paternal vs. maternal education in relation to risk of low birth weight (LBW) across different racial groups.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using Washington state birth certificate data from 1992 to 1996 (n = 264,789). We assessed the associations between maternal or paternal education and LBW, adjusting for …

Plasmodium Falciparum Gametocyte Carriage In Asymptomatic Children In Western Kenya, J. Teun Bousema, Louis C. Gouagna, Chris J. Drakeley, Annemiek M. Meutstege, Bernard A. Okech, Ikupa N.J. Akim, John C. Beier, John I. Githure, Robert W. Sauerwein

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background: Studies on Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte development and dynamics have almost exclusively focused on patients treated with antimalarial drugs, while the majority of parasite carriers in endemic areas are asymptomatic. This study identified factors that influence gametocytaemia in asymptomatic children in the absence and presence of pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine (SP) antimalarial treatment. Methods: A cohort of 526 children (6 months - 16 years) from western Kenya was screened for asexual parasites and gametocytes and followed weekly up to four weeks. Children with an estimated parasitaemia of ≥ 31,000 parasites/◆| were treated with SP according to national guidelines. Factors associated with gametocyte development …