Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Parental Responsibility Statutes: An Organization And Policy Implications, Eve M. Brank, Stephanie Carsten Kucera, Stephanie A. Hays

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

We find ourselves at a confusing time in the history of juvenile justice. As a nation, we are transferring children into an adult system at a greater rate than we have ever seen before. Public response urges that juveniles be locked away not only to punish them, but also to keep the public safe. The public views these delinquent children as a threat and something to fear. Legislators respond to the public fear with more liberal transfer options into the adult system and punitive juvenile sanctions within the juvenile system. If a juvenile escapes transfer into the adult system, then …

Relationship Between Parent Satisfaction Regarding Partnerships With Professionals And Age Of Child, Jean Ann Summers, Lesa Hoffman, Janet Marquis, Ann Turnbull, Denise Poston

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In the past, the assessment of families’ satisfaction with the quality of their partnerships with the professionals who serve their children has been restricted to specific programs or age groups, precluding investigation of the relationship between parents’ perspectives on satisfaction and the importance of partnership components for children at different ages. Differences in policies, service models, and family needs at different life-cycle stages suggest a need to understand how satisfaction might differ among parents of children of different ages. In this study, 147 parents completed the Beach Center Family-Professional Partnership Scale to describe the perceived importance of and satisfaction with …

Vertebrate Gld2 Poly(A) Polymerases In The Germline And The Brain, Labib Rouhana, Liaoteng Wang, Natascha Buter, Jae Eun Kwak, Craig A. Schiltz, Tania Gonzalez, Ann E. Kelley, Charles F. Landry, Marvin Wickens

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation is important in the control of mRNA stability and translation, and for early animal development and synaptic plasticity. Here, we focus on vertebrate poly(A) polymerases that are members of the recently described GLD2 family. We identify and characterize two closely related GLD2 proteins in Xenopus oocytes, and show that they possess PAP activity in vivo and in vitro and that they bind known polyadenylation factors and mRNAs known to receive poly(A) during development. We propose that at least two distinct polyadenylation complexes exist in Xenopus oocytes, one of which contains GLD2; the other, maskin and Pumilio. GLD2 protein …

Towards Wide-Field Display Of The Gripen Hud Interface To Combat Spatial Disorientation, Lars Eriksson, Katarina Undén, Claes Von Hofsten

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

The head-up display (HUD) interface of the Gripen fighter aircraft utilizes a sphere concept for supporting attitude awareness or spatial orientation (SO). With the sphere interface fixed to the gravitational vertical and the attitude variant aircraft positioned in the center of the sphere, the HUD field-of-regard scans parts of the sphere inside. The HUD interface depicts segments of latitude circles with meridian markings that convey integrated information of pitch, roll, and yaw. To enhance pilot-in-the-loop maneuvering and SO we suggest a wide field-of-view interface design of the Gripen concept, emphasizing the inclusion of peripheral vision. The suggested interface is subsequently …

A Conceptual Framework For Studying Safety Climate And Culture Of Commercial Airlines, Dr. Sharon Glazer, Amber R. Laurel, Rangapriya Kanan Narasimhan

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

A comprehensive safety climate and safety culture framework, which can be utilized to assess various predictors and consequences of safety climate and to assess airline’s safety culture in relation to one another, is presented. The framework depicts a process whereby individual, group, and organizational predictor variables, through perceived safety climate, affect first level outcomes. First level outcomes can lead to direct costs for the organization, as well as lowered productivity. In the framework, individual and environment variables are purported to moderate the relationship between work-related events and safety climate. Motivation is also expected to mediate the relationships between predictors and …

Distributed Air / Ground Traffic Management En Route Free Maneuvering Rules Of The Road: Requirements And Implementation For A Simulation Of En-Route Self-Separation, Nancy H. Johnson, Riva Canton, Vernol Battiste, Walter Johnson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Distributed Air Ground Traffic Management (DAG-TM) program has recently investigated a concept called “En-route Free Maneuvering” as a proposed solution for expanding airspace capacity limits. A critical element for this concept is conflict detection and resolution (CD&R) using the 3D cockpit situation display (CSD). The only fielded system performing some of this function is the Traffic Alert & Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), a radar-based alerting system used by most commercial aircraft for collision detection and avoidance. TCAS is inappropriate for an en-route self-separation application due to its reactive nature, and inherent lack of flexibility. …

Redefining Crm, J. Norman Komich

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

The recent revision (120-51E, dated 1/22/04) to the Crew Resource Management Training Advisory Circular failed to provide a specific definition of CRM. This void is an issue with those who agree with Montaigne when he observed “No wind favors the sailing ship without a destined port.” Since its inception over twenty five years ago, CRM has undergone considerable evolution and the industry now finds itself in the seventh or eighth “Generation” of CRM training. Interestingly, in the very first Advisory Circular (120-51A) the following statement was made: “The essence of CRM training is to reduce error in the cockpit.” In …

Maintaining Aircraft Orientation Awareness With Audio Displays, Kristen K. Liggett Ph.D., Peter Venero, Martin N. Anesgart Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

This study was conducted to determine an appropriate task with which to test alternative orientation display formats, and to test a preliminary set of audio orientation symbology sets. Participants were required to perform three tasks simultaneously. The first task was a visual search (target designation) task. The second task was a radar monitoring task. Both of these tasks were performed on a head-down display. The third task consisted of monitoring aircraft orientation on a head-up display. The third task employed the study’s one independent variable – orientation symbology sets. When performing the aircraft orientation task, orientation was displayed in three …

A Systematic Approach To Addressing Human Factors Considerations In The Design Of Flight Deck Components, Beth Lyall Ph.D., Greg Harron M.S.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

The FAA Aircraft Certification Job Aid for Flight Deck Human Factors is a decision-support tool for addressing human factors considerations during the flight deck design portion of the aircraft certification process. The current version presents decision-support information related to the review of flight deck displays, controls, and systems. This tool provides a systematic approach for assessing human factors considerations related to the design of flight deck components.

The Relationship Between Controller Opinions And Use Of An Atc Decision Support Tool, Carol A. Manning, Melanie Dennis

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between controllers’ opinions about the User Request Evaluation Tool (URET), an air traffic control decision support tool, and their use of various URET functions, including its flight data management capabilities, conflict prediction information, and problem-solving tools (e.g., trial planning). We expected that, compared with those who were less positive about URET, controllers who rated the tool more positively would use it more often in performing sector team duties. In 2002, formal observations were made of 181 en route controllers using URET at six facilities. URET display settings, usage, and use …

Team Coordination In Uav Operations, Harry K. Pedersen, Nancy J. Cooke

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

The term “unmanned” in the context of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations is too often taken literally, overlooking the humans controlling, monitoring, collaborating, and coordinating from the ground. Promoting and improving the performance of the human component in the operation of UAVs is paramount and enhancing the coordination of the humans in the system is one of many important human factors issues which must be overcome. Research from the Cognitive Engineering on Team Tasks Laboratory has approached this problem with the development of a synthetic test-bed replicating UAV coordination in the lab. Findings from this synthetic task environment (STE) will …

Near-To-Eye Display And Augmented Reality Concepts For Air Traffic Tower Controllers: Issues And Challenges, Dr. John W. Ruffner, Dr. Jim E. Fulbrook, Marc Foglia

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

Tower controllers are responsible for maintaining safe separation between airborne aircraft in the airport traffic control area, and separation between aircraft, equipment, and personnel on the airport surface. In this paper, we summarize recent work to develop and evaluate user-acceptable hardware and software solutions that will reduce diversions and augment or enhance controller capabilities, especially in limited visibility conditions. We characterized controller tasks where a near-to-eye display and augmented reality techniques can aid controller performance, and identified form factor variables that influence user acceptability of hardware configurations. We developed an out-the-window concept of operation and analyzed the hardware requirements and …

Implementing Electronic Flight Data In Airport Traffic Control Towers, Todd R. Truitt Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is investigating the potential effects of implementing electronic flight data systems (EFDSs) at Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs). I use existing task analyses, published literature, and recent field observation data to determine the basic functionality of flight progress strips (FPSs) in the ATCT. I identify gaps in the research and formed a general set of principles to guide the design of an EFDS prototype. Given the proper application of principles for design and automation, the EFDS should maintain some of the basic functionality and benefits of the FPSs, reduce workload related to flight data entry, …

Capturing The Research And Development Process Of Aviation Systems: Creating A Multi-Media Living Legacy, Anthony D. Andre, Becky L. Hooey, David C. Foyle

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

Too often, successful system development projects fail to leave a legacy of design transfer information, beyond providing access to the mere physical descriptions of the system, or the software code itself. Yet, information about high-level design decisions, assumptions, constraints, philosophies and methodologies is often sought after by system designers, engineers, and researchers alike. Such information is critical for facilitating an understanding of the design and evaluation decisions that underlie the final design. In contrast, published articles about a given complex system are usually limited to discussions of experimental results and in applicability beyond the academic and research community. This paper …

A Comparison Of Saint With Imprint And Micro Saint Sharp, Gerald P. Chubb

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

SAINT was a hybrid modeling and simulation language developed in FORTRAN for main frame computers that allowed simulation of human activities in the context of system operation. MicroSaint was initially developed in the C language, specifically for Personal Computers (PCs), mimicking much but not all of what was in the original FORTRAN version. IMPRINT Version 7 uses Micro Saint IV as its underlying computational engine. MicroSaint Sharp is based on the C# programming language and will be the computational engine underlying IMPRINT Version 8. Representational capabilities of these various modeling techniques are compared to illustrate what improvements have been made …

Safety Attitudes In The Aviation System: Influences Of A Highly Regulated Environment, Teresa C. D'Oliveira

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

Although safety is considered paramount in the aviation industry, very few studies have explored the influence that such a highly regulated environment may have on safety attitudes. This paper explores how perceptions and attitudes may be influenced by context characteristics and analyses how a highly regulated context, such as the aviation industry, compares with other industries. Results suggest that the aviation industry seems to be centered on individual behaviors and attitudes towards safety; in contrast other industries highlight safety at the organizational level. Implications of these results and repercussions of national safety campaigns to promote safety at the workplace are …

Pilot Survey Of Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Adults In Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, Christopher Okunseri, Amit Chattopadhyay, R Iván Lugo, Colman Mcgrath

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Oral health studies conducted so far in Nigeria have documented prevalence and incidence of dental disease using traditional clinical measures. However none have investigated the use of an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) instrument to document oral health outcomes. The aims of this study are: to describe how oral health affects and impacts quality of life (QoL) and to explore the association between these affects and the oral health care seeking behavior of adults in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey recruited 356 adults aged 18–64 years from two large hospital outpatient departments and from …

Exploring The Use Of Guided Interviews As A Research Tool In A Doctoral Study Of Safe Work Practices Of Young Construction Workers, Susanne Bahn

Research outputs pre 2011

This paper uses the research processes of a doctoral study that investigates young workers learning safe practices within the housing construction industry to explore the use of guided interviews with artefacts as an ethnographic technique to gather qualitative data. The paper identifies how this specifically vulnerable group are subject to the 'Cycle of Abuse'. The complications of gathering accurate data from the 15-19 age group in this industry are discussed, including dealing with low literacy levels, defensive trainers, power of access and high emotions. The paper reviews the use of images within guided interviews and provides a conceptual model. The …

Paediatric Palliative And Supportive Care: Caring For Life: The Needs Of Children And Families In Western Australia, Leanne Monterosso, Linda Kristjanson, Marianne Phillips, Sue Rowell

Research outputs pre 2011

Palliative care is the relief of symptoms, regardless of their impact on the underlying disease process. The philosophical underpinning of current international paediatric palliative and supportive care models is that palliative and supportive care should be offered to all children with life threatening or chronic illnesses/disabilities with complex care needs. This approach allows the integration of cure-directed treatment and palliative care. allowing children to benefit from both philosophies of care. In Australia, there is increasing recognition of the need for the development of appropriate paediatric palliative care services, especially in Western Australia where supportive care services for children with life-limiting …

The Lived Experience Of Rural Mental Health Nurses, Vicki Drury, Karen Francis, Geoffery Dulhunty

Research outputs pre 2011

The lived experiences of five registered mental health nurses employed in community settings in the southwest region of Western Australia were examined in this study. The study was generated in response to concerns of clinicians working in the area about their scope of practice. Study participants were interviewed concerning their everyday “lived experience.” Interviews were audio taped, transcribed and coded numerically to ensure participant confidentiality. Data was analysed using van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Five essential themes were identified. They were holistic care of clients; isolation, autonomy and advanced practice; professional development and status recognition; educational support; and caseload numbers …

Ceftriaxone Or Hiv Associated Angio-Oedema? Case Report, William Macharia, C. Mbaabu, L. Wachira, S.O.M. Muhudhia, G. Moniz

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Angio-oedema may be hereditary or acquired and is characterised by episodes of potentially life threatening localised tissue oedema and swelling resulting from deficiency of compliment pathway C1 esterase inhibitor. Acquired angio-oedema is about ten times less frequent than the hereditary type and has been associated with immune-deficiency disorders, malignancies and exposure to specific medications and food substances. We present a case of seven year old, human immune-deficiency virus positive girl, who developed gross swelling of the tongue and neck while on treatment for pneumococcal meningitis with ceftriaxone. Difficulties in arriving at a definitive diagnosis of angio-oedema in a resource poor …

Prevalence Of Obesity And Lack Of Physical Activity Among Kentucky Adolescents, Hatim A. Omar, Kristin Rager

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Lack of physical activity and overweight status continues to be a significant health problem in the United States. To assess the actual prevalence of these problems, we reviewed data from the School-based Health Promotion Centers in one middle school, and one High school in central Kentucky. A total of 232 6th graders and 607 9th graders were included. A total of 92% of 6th graders and 45% of 9th graders reported complete lack of regular exercise. 37% of 9th graders and 59% of 6th graders had inappropriate nutrition, 47% of 9th graders and 33% of 6th graders had Body Mass …

A Comparison Of Esomeprazole And Lansoprazole For Control Of Intragastric Ph In Patients With Symptoms Of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease, D. A. Johnson, T. Stacy, M. Ryan, T. Wootton, J. Willia, K. Hornbuckle, W. Brooks, M. Doviak

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Background: Intragastric acid suppression is the most direct measure of the pharmacodynamic efficacy of proton pump inhibitors, which are the most effective drugs for acid-related diseases.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of once and twice daily dosing of lansoprazole and esomeprazole in controlling intragastric acidity ( target gastric pH > 4.0) over a 24-hour period.

Methods: In an open-label, two-way crossover study, 45 Helicobacter pylori-negative patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were randomized to receive one of two regimens: 30 mg lansoprazole or esomeprazole 40 mg once daily. Intragastric pH was assessed by 24-hour pH monitoring on day 5 of each regimen. …

Continuity Of Patient Care Among Family Practice Patients At A Teaching Hospital, Waris Qidwai, J Rehman, M Khan, Iqbal Azam

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Life Style Related Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Disease Among Patients At A Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Waris Qidwai, Ar Mangi, R Bux

Department of Family Medicine

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause for morbidity and mortality all over the world. It is important to study life style related, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among patients, in order to devise preventive strategies.
METHODS: We surveyed family practice patients visiting the out-patient clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. The interview was questionnaire-based and recorded the demographic profile of the patients, in addition to information on life style related cardiovascular risk factors. The ethical requirements for the study were met. SPSS computer software was used for data management. RESULTS: Fifty patients were surveyed and included …

Characteristics Of Smokers And Their Knowledge About Smoking At A Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Waris Qidwai, N Zahid

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: To study the characteristics of smokers and their knowledge about smoking, among Family Practice Patients, at a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Main outcome measures: Age at starting smoking, duration and number of cigarettes smoked, started smoking under influence of friends, colleagues, family members or self motivation, number of friends and colleagues who smoked, whether smoking is unhealthy, and actual chance of harm to an individual due to smoking is very rare or not.
Results: One hundred patients who visited Family Practice Center were interviewed. Sixty one percent were young married men, well educated and either student, …

Décider Pour Faciliter Le Retour Au Travail : Étude Exploratoire Sur Les Dimensions De La Prise De Décision Dans Une Équipe Interdisciplinaire De Réadaptation Au Travail, Patrick Loisel, Marie-José Durand, Raymond Baril, Ann Langley, Marlène Falardeau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La présente étude avait deux questions de recherche principales sur le processus de prise de décision :

• A) Quel processus de décision est utilisé par l’équipe interdisciplinaire de réadaptation au travail ?
• B) Quels éléments favorisent et nuisent au consensus dans le processus de prise de décision ?

De façon secondaire, trois questions de recherche ont émergé au cours de l’étude :

• C) Sur quelles valeurs partagées par l’équipe reposent les prises de décision ?
• D) Quelles sont l’importance et la nature du partenariat dans la prise de décision ?
• E) Quelles sont les trajectoires types des travailleurs de l’étude …

Transfert De Compétences En Formation Sur La Gestion De La Sécurité Des Machines Et Les Moyens De Protection, Joseph-Jean Paques, Réal Bourbonnière, Renaud Daigle, Patrick Doucet, Patrice Masson, Philippe Michaud, Julie Lane, Jacques Tardif

Rapports de recherche scientifique

À la suite du nombre croissant de demandes reçues en formation sur le thème de l’analyse des risques associés aux machines industrielles et sur les moyens de protection, l’IRSST a effectué un transfert de compétences afin que des relayeurs puissent désormais répondre à ces demandes.

L’objectif du présent projet était donc de transférer les compétences en formation acquises et développées par les chercheurs de l’IRSST à des intervenants en formation en SST afin qu’ils puissent former les personnels d’industries à l’utilisation de méthodes et d’outils pour améliorer la sécurité des travailleurs autour des machines. Ces compétences sont composées principalement de …

Intégration De La Prévention Des Tms Dès La Conception D'Un Aménagement : Le Cas Des Bibliothèques Publiques, Marie Bellemare, Louis Trudel, Élise Ledoux, Sylvie Montreuil, Micheline Marier, Marie Laberge, Marie-Josée Godi

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La présence de troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) chez les employés de bibliothèques publiques peuvent relever de situations de travail associées à un aménagement qui n’a pas été pensé en fonction des activités de travail à réaliser. L’aménagement est considéré ici comme le résultat de choix effectués en ce qui concerne le service, l’espace et l’organisation du travail au cours du déroulement du projet architectural. Plusieurs aménagements récents de bibliothèques se révèlent insatisfaisants pour des employés du point de vue du service à donner autant que de la prévention des risques pouvant mener à l’apparition de TMS. On y constate trop souvent …

Les Aspects Éthiques De L'Utilisation Des Bioindicateurs En Santé Au Travail, Chantal Caux, Claude Viau, Louise Guilbert, David J. Roy

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les bioindicateurs et la santé au travail…

Certains travailleurs, dans le cadre de leurs activités professionnelles, sont exposés à des produits potentiellement néfastes pour leur santé. Afin de nous aider à comprendre le lien entre les expositions à ces produits et les maladies qui peuvent apparaître, il peut être utile et même nécessaire d’utiliser des bioindicateurs d’exposition, d’effets, ou encore de susceptibilité. Les premiers (bioindicateurs d’exposition) sont la mesure, dans le sang, l’urine ou l’air expiré dans un premier cas, du produit auquel les travailleurs sont exposés ou encore, dans un deuxième cas, de sous-produits résultant de la transformation de …