Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Initial Injury Type And Violent Reinjury, Nicholas Szoko, Daphne Lew, Taylor Kaser, Zoe M Miller, Matt Vogel, Michael A Mancini, Lindsay M Kranker, Christopher Behr, Vicki Moran, Rachel Ancona, Kristen Mueller

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Violent injuries are the leading cause of death among children and young adults in the United States. Violent injury may increase the risk of subsequent injury (ie, violent reinjury), but it is unclear how this risk varies across different injury types (eg, blunt assault, stabbing, firearm).

OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of violent reinjury across different injury types to inform tailored prevention strategies.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter cohort study included patients who presented with violent injuries to 2 adult and 2 pediatric level I trauma centers in St Louis, Missouri, from January 2016 to December 2023.

EXPOSURES: Violent …

Role Of Households With Children In Community Spread Of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales, St. Louis, Missouri, Usa, Barrett Breeze, Ahmed Babiker, Sreenivas Konda, Alaina L Robinson, Stefan J Green, Catherine C Babbs, Federico Cunha, Katherine Y Shen, India Shepherd Hammond, Stephanie A Fritz, Latania K Logan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Community-acquired multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales bacteria are an increasing public health concern, yet whether households play a role in community spread remains unclear. We investigated 150 households with children in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, for MDR Enterobacterales. We cultured swab specimens from household members and environmental surfaces for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We also performed whole-genome sequencing in the 53 (35%) households where >1 MDR Enterobacterales species were recovered. Enterobacter hormaechei predominated, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pantoea species. Whole-genome sequencing revealed closely related strains shared between persons and environmental surfaces, suggesting potential intra-household transmission. We identified >1 horizontal gene …

Chronic Conditions And Mortality In Medicare Beneficiaries Before And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, R J Waken, Fengxian Wang, Jose F Figueroa, Rishi K Wadhera, Khavya Avula, E John Orav, Anne Mobley Butler, Karen E Joynt Maddox

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: There were well-documented changes in health care use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about whether there were any associated decreases in claims-based comorbidity ascertainment that might have relevance to health services and policy research.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify differences in claims-based comorbidity assessment in Medicare beneficiaries pre- vs post-COVID-19.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 30 Chronic Conditions Warehouse 1- or 2-year lookback claims algorithms to ascertain each comorbidity with exact date ranges for all fee-for-service (FFS) and Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries. Data were analyzed from April 2025 to April 2026.

EXPOSURES: The …

Cabozantinib Plus Nivolumab And Ipilimumab In Previously Untreated, Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Final Results And Biomarker Analyses From The Phase Iii Cosmic-313 Study, R J Motzer, M A Reimers, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Primary results from COSMIC-313 demonstrated significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) with first-line cabozantinib plus nivolumab and ipilimumab versus placebo plus nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Final efficacy and safety results, as well as data from exploratory biomarker analyses, are reported here.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The design, participants, and primary-endpoint PFS outcomes have been reported previously for this phase III, double-blind, randomized (1 : 1) study of cabozantinib or placebo plus nivolumab and ipilimumab in adults with previously untreated, advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS) in the intention-to-treat …

Diabetic Retinopathy Severity On Ultra-Widefield Fluorescein Angiography Versus Color Photography And Association With Risk Of Disease Worsening, Paolo S Silva, Danni Liu, Lloyd P Aiello, Ruben Grigorian, Sandeep Grover, Lee M Jampol, Daniel F Martin, Michele Melia, Christina Y Weng, Jennifer K Sun

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: To evaluate the potential benefits of ultra-widefield (UWF) fluorescein angiography (FA) versus color photography in assessing the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) worsening.

Design: Exploratory analysis of a longitudinal observational study (Protocol AA).

Participants: Participants with ≥1 eye having nonproliferative DR at baseline.

Methods: For each UWF-color and UWF-FA image, the extent and severity of DR lesions within the ETDRS 7-field area ("masked") and the full image area ("unmasked") were determined. Diabetic retinopathy severity levels were graded for each combination of modality and masking condition using the ETDRS Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (DRSS). Associations between baseline UWF-color and UWF-FA …

Hematochezia In A Patient With End-Stage Renal Disease, Brennan Gioe, Conrad Fernandes, E Celia Marginean, Stalin Subramanian

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Prognostic Value Of Stress Perfusion Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Kawasaki Disease With Coronary Artery Aneurysms: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study, Alexander J Kiener, S Kristen Sexson Tejtel, Aimee Liou, Carolyn A Altman, Tam T Doan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) with coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) places patients at risk for myocardial ischemia and major cardiac events (MCE). While stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (spCMR) is used for surveillance, its prognostic value has not been established.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of KD patients (AHA risk levels 3-5) who underwent clinically indicated vasodilator spCMR at a tertiary pediatric center between October 2014 and December 2024. We evaluated inducible perfusion defects, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), ventricular function, and MCE (myocardial infarction, ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmia, revascularization, transplant, or death). We performed Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses …

A Phase 4, Open-Label, Non-Randomized, Multicenter Study To Evaluate Efficacy (And Safety) Of Intravenous Administration Of Optison For Contrast-Enhanced Echocardiography In Pediatric Patients, Arash Sabati, Shuo Wang, Pushpa Shivaram, Joshua Hawley, David Thompson, Francine Erenberg, Shelby Kutty, Aparna Kulkarni, Tam T Doan, Joshua D Robinson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Contrast-enhanced echocardiography (CE-echo) is commonly used in adult patients to optimize endocardial border delineation (EBD) but there is limited experience in children. A prospective, open-label, non-randomized, multicenter study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous Optison for CE-echo in pediatric patients and determine the optimal dose of Optison. Subjects ≥ 9 and <  18 years with suboptimal echocardiograms (defined as ≥ 2 contiguous segments that could not be adequately visualized) were enrolled. After a baseline non-contrast echocardiogram (NC-echo), CE-echo was performed with 2 dose levels of Optison based on patient weight. The primary endpoint was visualization of the LV wall segments (LVWS) in apical 2- and 4-chamber views. An EBD score was calculated by assigning a value from 0 (no visualization) to 3 (optimal visualization) for 12 LVWS. 37 subjects across 8 sites completed the study. 30 had complete echocardiograms at both dose levels. 2 patients had usable images at dose 2 only. Mean age was 13.4 years (± 2.6) with 23 males (62%). Mean weight was 73.9 kg (± 36.8) with wide distribution of weight (interquartile range of 42-102 kg). There were 8 patients under 40 kg. Most subjects had a prior medical/surgical history (n = 33, 89%). Both dose levels of Optison CE-echo improved the number of LVWS visualized from 3.7 ± 1.1 on NC-echo to 10.0 ± 0.1 with dose 1 (p <  0.001) and 10.5 ± 0.1 with dose 2 (p <  0.001). EBD score also improved at both dose levels from 11.9 ± 2.5 for NC-echo to 28.5 ± 1.7 for dose 1 (p <  0.001) and 30.2 ± 8.4 for dose 2 (p <  0.001). The number of suboptimal echocardiograms improved from 92.3% ± 10.7 in NC-echo to 26.2% ± 9 with dose 1 (p <  0.001) and 30.8% ± 4.5 with dose 2 (p <  0.001). CE-echo with intravenous Optison in pediatric patients improved the number of LVWS visualized, improved EBD score, and reduced the number of suboptimal echocardiograms at both dosages used in this study. Intravenous Optison can improve LV visualization in pediatric patients with suboptimal echocardiograms.

Myocardial T1 And T2 Values Are Associated With Patient Age In Healthy Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients, Andrew A Lawson, Robyn G Lottes, Defne Magnetta, Andrada Popescu, Kae Watanabe, Cynthia K Rigsby, Michael Markl, Nazia Husain

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: In pediatric heart transplant recipients (PHTR), myocardial T1 and T2 values are elevated in the setting of acute rejection and with cardiac allograft vasculopathy. In normal, healthy children, T1 and T2 values vary with patient age. Our goal was to identify associations between T1, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), and T2 values and patient- and donor-characteristics in PHTR without history of significant graft pathology.

Methods: We performed a single-center, retrospective chart review of consecutive cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) studies in PHTR from 2017 to 2023. Exclusion criteria were a prior CMR during the study period, history of any prior antibody-mediated …

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Acute Kidney Injury, Fluid Balance, And Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Acute Disease Quality Initiative (Adqi) And Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (Elso) Joint Consensus Conference, Katja M Gist, David T Selewski, Kianoush B Kashani, Ayse Akcan-Arikan, Gail Annich, Marta V Antonini, David Askenazi, Linda Awdishu, Brian C Bridges, Michael J Connor, Lui G Forni, Dana Y Fuhrman, Stuart L Goldstein, Stephen M Gorga, Pramod K Guru, Ahmad Kaddourah, Alex Lepage-Farrell, D Michael Mcmullan, Ravindra L Mehta, Shina Menon, Theresa Mottes, Thomas Müeller, Marlies Ostermann, Matthew L Paden, Natalie E Rintoul, Thiago Reis, Claudio Ronco, Emily See, Gurmeet Singh, Sean M Bagshaw, Graeme Maclaren

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being utilized for life-threatening cardiac and/or respiratory failure refractory to conventional treatment. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and fluid balance disorders commonly occur both before and during ECMO, with approximately half of cases receiving treatment with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Acute kidney injury, fluid balance disorders, and CRRT influence both short- and long-term outcomes in this population. The 36th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) meeting was held in June 2025 to develop multidisciplinary international expert recommendations for AKI, fluid balance, and CRRT during ECMO across the age spectrum. This work encompassed five working groups: …

How To … Coach Problem Representation To Strengthen Diagnostic Reasoning In Trainees, Cody Clary, Adam Cohen, Satid Thammasitboon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Problem representation (PR) is a concise synthesis of clinical information that captures the core diagnostic problem in a single statement, often referred to as a 'one-liner'. Although central to diagnostic reasoning, this skill is frequently underdeveloped in medical training. Many trainees struggle to transform clinical data into meaningful representations, which can hinder communication, diagnostic reasoning and patient safety. The Assessment of Reasoning Tool-Reconstructed (ART-R) provides a structured framework that educators can adapt as a coaching rubric to strengthen PR during clinical teaching. Using the ART-R, faculty can guide trainees to refine their PR by focusing on three elements: (1) clarity …

Thrive: A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Study Of Veligrotug For Active Thyroid Eye Disease, Michael T Yen, Kimberly Cockerham, Peerooz Saeed, Steven Leibowitz, Raghu C Mudumbai, Michael P Schittkowski, Vickie Lee, Jody Abrams, Roger E Turbin, Julián Bermúdez Pío-Rendón, Eckart Bertelmann, Edwina Eade, Navdeep Nijhawan, Marta Pérez-López, Marco Sales-Sanz, Sandy Zhang-Nunes, Andrea L Kossler, Ashley Pajak, Abhijit Narvekar, Radhika Tripuraneni, Antonio Manuel Garrido-Hermosilla

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a debilitating autoimmune disease with significant unmet needs. This study's objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of veligrotug, a full antagonist monoclonal antibody to the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, in patients with active TED.

Design: Veligrotug was assessed in THRIVE, a global, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.

Participants: Adult patients with moderate-to-severe active TED (onset ≤ 15 months, proptosis ≥ 3 mm above normal, and clinical activity score [CAS] ≥ 3) received either veligrotug or placebo.

Methods: Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive 10 mg/kg veligrotug or placebo administered every …

Early Neurodevelopmental Outcomes In Children With Congenital Heart Disease, Mike Seed, Cynthia Ortinau, Caroline Lee, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Neurodevelopmental impairments are common in children with congenital heart disease.

OBJECTIVES: To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes by cardiac diagnosis and identify associations between medical and social factors and early neurodevelopmental outcomes among children with congenital heart disease.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional analysis used neurodevelopmental follow-up data obtained between May 1, 2019, and June 30, 2022, and entered into the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative (CNOC) registry, with linkage to the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium registry. Children younger than 30 months from 25 CNOC sites were studied. Data analysis was performed between January 2023 and December 2024.

EXPOSURES: Patients …

Aviation Accident Investigation Analysis Methodologies Used By 12 Government Safety Investigation Authorities, Kym Bills, Leesa Costello, Marcus Cattani

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Leading government Safety Investigation Authorities (SIAs) that investigate major aviation accidents are members of the International Transportation Safety Association (ITSA). Investigation analysis methodology details are rarely included on SIA websites, in final accident reports, shared with peers, or specified by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Some ‘New View’ safety researchers assume SIAs don't use systemic methodologies and that accident investigation has little value. Because of the sensitivity of SIA work and need to prioritize safety value from available investigation funding, there has been little academic research on choice and use of investigation analysis methodologies to address these issues …

Impacts Of The Early Collaborative Intervention On Mother-Preterm Infant Interaction At One Month Of Age: Secondary Analysis Of A Randomized Controlled Trial, Charlotte Sahlén Helmer, Ulrika Birberg Thornberg, Thomas Abrahamsson, Evalotte Mörelius

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background A sensitive, well-functioning maternal interaction is vital for healthy infant development. For moderate to late preterm infants, this is even more important as this group of infants are at increased risk of facing neurodevelopmental disorders. The Early Collaborative Intervention supports parent-preterm infant interaction and includes three sessions, two in the hospital and one after discharge. Objective To investigate the impact of the Early Collaborative Intervention, compared with standard care, on mother-preterm infant interaction at one month corrected age. Design A longitudinal randomized controlled trial, reporting secondary outcomes from the first follow-up. Setting The intervention was conducted at a pediatric …

Protective Potential Of Minimally Processed, Plant-Derived Foods Against Steatotic Liver Disease In Early Adulthood, Yasmina Tashkent, Jocelyn M. Choo, Steven L. Taylor, Therese A. O'Sullivan, Dujinthan Jayabalan, Sophie J. Miller, Richard Woodman, Luis Calzadilla-Bertot, Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde, Lawrence J. Beilin, Trevor A. Mori, John K. Olynyk, Alan J. Wigg, Kate R. Muller, Leon A. Adams, Geraint B. Rogers

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background & aims: The incidence of steatotic liver disease (SLD) among younger adults is increasing globally. While poor diet is a recognised risk factor, the impact of specific dietary components is unclear. We investigated associations between dietary patterns and SLD markers in younger adults. Methods: Analysis involved 887 members of the Raine Study Generation 2 cohort, assessed at age 27. SLD was defined using a validated MRI volumetric liver fat fraction equation. Dietary intake, assessed by food frequency questionnaires, was summarised using a modified Overall Diet Score (ODS) that classified foods as “healthy” or “unhealthy.” Associations between diet and SLD …

Body Mass-Normalized Handgrip Strength As A Better Indicator Of General Health Than Absolute Values In Middle-Aged Women, Ricardo M. Lima, Trezise, Sally Poppitt, Amanda Devine, Anthony J. Blazevich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: To examine the association between HGS and physical function, quality of life (QoL), and cardiometabolic risk markers in midlife women, and verify potential discrepancies between absolute and relative HGS on these relationships. Study design: This cross-sectional study enrolled 83 participants (50.7±5.3y) who completed handgrip (hydraulic dynamometer), knee extensor and plantar flexor (isokinetic dynamometry) strength tests, and body composition evaluations (DXA). A variety of physical function tests, QoL (SF-36) and cardiometabolic blood markers were also measured. Results: Participants below the cutoff for HGS/body mass (0.34) did not differ in height but were significantly (P<0.01) heavier (80.8±12.8 vs. 68.6±11.4 kg), had higher BMI (30.0±4.2 vs. 25.4±4.0 kg/m²) and body fat (39.9±4.4 …

Precision Nutrition In Breast Cancer: Towards Patient- And Tumour-Informed Dietary Strategies, Cristina Crespo-García, R. Taaffe, Carolyn Peddle-Mcintyre, Emily Jeffery, John P. Campbell, Robert Thomas, Daniel A. Galvao, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Dietary strategies are increasingly recognized as important modulators of breast cancer outcomes, acting through effects on metabolic regulation, weight management, hormone signalling, immune function, and the gut microbiome. However, breast cancer heterogeneity and inter-individual variability mean that generic dietary guidelines may not fully capture patient needs. Precision nutrition offers the opportunity to align dietary interventions with tumour subtype, treatment context, and host biology, potentially enhancing therapeutic response and survivorship in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. In this narrative review, we summarize evidence on dietary patterns and prognosis, and explore how targeted interventions, including fasting regimens, ketogenic diets, and caloric restriction, …

Shape-Based Profiling Of Cortical Bone Mineral Density In Growing Children: A Proof-Of-Concept Pqct Study, Anna Maria Markarian, R. Taaffe, Daniel Galvão, Jodie Cochrane Wilkie, Carolyn J. Peddle-Mcintyre, Daniel J. Schiferl, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Understanding how bones adapt during growth is essential for promoting lifelong skeletal health. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is a widely used imaging technique for assessing volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in pediatric populations; however, conventional methods may obscure subtle cortical adaptations. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of shape-based cortical vBMD profiling, with an exploratory objective of assessing its sensitivity to inter-individual variation in lean mass index (LMI). Methods: Eighteen children (6–12 years) underwent pQCT scanning at the 38% and 66% tibial sites (distal and proximal diaphysis). Cortical vBMD was quantified across three …

The Effect Of Vigorous Physical Activity On The Incidence Of Kidney Cancer, Lawrence H. Kim, Bang, Daniel Galvao, David P. Smith, Manish I. Patel

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Kidney cancer incidence is increasing. While physical activity can reduce the risk of several cancers, the role of vigorous physical activity (VPA) in kidney cancer prevention remains unclear. We examined associations between physical activity intensity and kidney cancer incidence in a large Australian cohort. Methods: Data were obtained from 267,357 adults aged ≥ 45 years in the New South Wales 45 and Up Study. Physical activity, including walking, moderate physical activity (MPA), and VPA, was self-reported at baseline using the validated Active Australia Survey and categorised according to WHO guidelines. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios and …

Dietary Vitamin K Intakes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Adult Asthma, And Lung Function: A Prospective Cohort Study In The Uk Biobank, Chengfeng Li, Pratik Pokharel, Marc Sim, Kevin Murray, Catherine P. Bondonno, Benjamin H. Parmenter, Liezhou Zhong, Montana Dupuy, Howraman Meteran, Jette Jakobsen, Allan Linneberg, Tilman Kühn, Aedín Cassidy, Nicola P. Bondonno

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Vitamin K–dependent proteins are important for maintaining lung structure and function, yet few studies have examined dietary vitamin K intake in relation to chronic respiratory disease. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary intakes of vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and lung function. Methods: We analyzed data from 179,062 UK Biobank participants without COPD or asthma. Associations between dietary vitamin K1 and K2 intakes, estimated using the Oxford WebQ 24-h recall, and incident COPD and asthma, identified through hospital, death, and primary care records, were examined …

Multi-Sensory Information And Simulator Immersion: Impact On Decision-Making Performance, Presence, And Cognitive Load, Zachariah G. Hoyne, Khaya Morris-Binelli, Sean Müller, Benjamin Piggott, Paola Chivers, Evan Dekker

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Immersive technologies such as 360-degree video virtual reality (360VR) provide unique opportunities to simulate representative environments to investigate decision-making in a safe and cost-effective manner. Inclusion of multi-sensory visual, contextual, and auditory information is important to enhance simulator psychological fidelity. Yet, the influence of increased sensory information on decision-making, presence, and cognitive load in 360VR compared to less immersive two-dimensional video simulators is unknown. This study investigated multi-sensory information, presence, and cognitive load across immersion conditions (360VR and two-dimensional video) in an exemplar sport-specific decision-making task. Fifteen higher-skilled and 15 lesser-skilled Australian Rules Football players completed a decision-making task which …

Occupational Therapy Intervention For Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Survey Of Occupational Therapists In Australia, Jacqui Hunt, Jill G. Zwicker, Annette Raynor, Erin Godecke

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), a common neurodevelopmental condition, is associated with persistent motor and psychosocial difficulties impacting participation and quality of life. International guidelines recommend activity-/participation-focused, task-specific interventions; however, little is known about how Australian occupational therapists translate these recommendations into clinical practice. This study aimed to describe current Australian occupational therapy intervention for children with (or suspected to have) DCD and identify factors that shape occupational therapists' intervention choices. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to Australian occupational therapists via professional organisations/social media September–October 2020. Eligible participants were registered occupational therapists with ≥15% children in their caseload. …

A Scoping Review Of Force Plates In Female Soccer: The Utility, Existing Practice And Identification Of Knowledge Gaps, Jack T. Fahey, Francisco Javier Robles-Palazón, Paul Comfort, Nichoals Ripley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Female soccer has grown exponentially with increasing funding, participation and competition. Force plates enable high resolution force-time assessment using isometric and dynamic tasks for acute or longitudinal monitoring, and profiling performance and injury risk. However, more research has been conducted in male soccer players compared to females with the utility of force plates in female soccer yet to be reviewed. The purpose of this scoping review is to review existing research using force plates in female soccer describing the utility of force plates, methods used, reported metrics and to identify gaps in our current understanding. A literature search was conducted …

Approach–Avoidance Motivation And Goal Adaptation In Chronic Pain: Predicting Pain Intensity And Interference, Paria Eshraghi, Deirdre Drake, Joanne Iddon, Joanne M. Dickson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Chronic pain is a major public health concern associated with disability, reduced functioning and psychological distress. Compared with biological studies, relatively little research has studied chronic pain from a psychological perspective, specifically motivation. Yet, motivation is considered fundamental to human functioning and drives human behaviour. The present study aimed to investigate whether distinct motivational and adaptive goal processes are implicated in chronic pain. The sample comprised 190 adult community participants who reported chronic pain for 3 months or more. Participants completed self-report measures of approach and avoidance motivation, adaptive goal processes, pain intensity, and interference. As hypothesised, avoidance motivation (but …

Beyond Weight Loss: Effects Of Trx Suspension Training Combined With Caloric Restriction On Thyroid Function And Mental Well-Being In Obese Hypothyroid Women, Siavash Naddafha, Christopher B. Taber

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The rate of metabolism decreases in hypothyroid patients; hypothyroidism is associated with body mass increases; due to this and other factors, depression, anxiety, and stress increase, which, alongside the disease state and psychological problems, causes the quality of life to suffer. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of caloric restriction along with TRX exercise on body mass, thyroid hormones, and psychological measures in obese and overweight women with hypothyroidism. Methods: 34 women aged 18–50 with hypothyroidism and a body mass index above 25 participated in this study. They were divided into three groups: a …

Evidence For Direct And Sleep-Moderated Relationships Between Aquaporin-4 Genetic Variants And Alzheimer's Disease Phenotypes, Tenielle Porter, Ayeisha Milligan Armstrong, Eleanor K. O'Brien, Vincent Doré, Pierrick Bourgeat, Mitchell Turner, Paul Maruff, Christopher C. Rowe, Belinda M. Brown, Victor L. Villemagne, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Simon M. Laws

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Variants in the aquaporin-4 gene (AQP4) have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, cognition, and brain amyloid beta (Aβ) and may affect the sleep and Aβ relationship. Their association with other AD-related phenotypes/disease progression remain largely unknown. Methods: Associations between AQP4 variants, self-reported sleep measures, and AD-related phenotypes in cognitively unimpaired individuals with evidence of Aβ accumulation were examined using data from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study. Results: AQP4 variants were directly associated with regional brain volumes, atrophy, and cognition. They were also associated with differences in regional brain volumes and atrophy in interaction with sleep …

Global, Regional And National Burden Of Maternal Haemorrhage (2000–2021) And Projections To 2050 In 204 Countries And Territories, Mulat Ayele, Bereket Duko, Tenaw Tiruye, Paul R. Ward, Lillian Mwanri, Gavin Pereira, Tegene Atamenta Kitaw, Biruk Beletew Abate, Eyob Shitie Lake, Abebaw Alamrew, Aynalem Yetwale, Gizachew Yilak, Befkad Derese Tilahun, Chalie Mulugeta, Tadele Emagneneh, Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: To estimate the global, regional and national burden of maternal haemorrhage (2000–2021) and its 2050 projections in 204 countries and territories. Design: This study systematic analysis of the burden of maternal haemorrhage sourced data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. We estimated the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs) due to maternal haemorrhage. Changes in the burden from 2000 to 2021 were computed using AAPC. To detect statistically notable changes in the trends of maternal haemorrhage metrics between 2000 and 2021, Joinpoint regression analysis using …

Ig–Microbiota Binding Patterns In Mothers And Infants: A Scoping Review, Alicia Tan Yi Jia, Christopher S. Peacock, Danielle E. Dye, Claus T. Christophersen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Studies characterising the immunoglobulin (Ig)-bound microbiota apply varying methodologies, making comparisons difficult. This scoping review synthesised evidence on Ig–microbiota binding patterns in maternal and infant contexts, identified recurrent Ig-bound and -unbound bacteria across studies, and highlighted knowledge gaps for further study. Nine articles investigating Ig–microbiota binding patterns in stool or breastmilk samples in mothers or infants were included. Ig–microbiota associations were influenced by sample type, Ig-subclass, genetics, and diet. The most important antibody was IgA, with partial functional redundancy with IgM, while IgG appeared more selective for pathobionts. Ig-bound taxa in early life included important commensals and pathobionts, with high …

Influence Of Intended Slow And Fast Eccentric Back Squat Velocity On Subsequent Countermovement Jump Performance, Artemis Zarkadoula, Themistoklis Tsatalas, Anthony D. Kay, Anthony J. Blazevich, Christos Kokkotis, Spyridon Plakias, Brett Anthony Baxter, Alex J. Van Enis, Giannis Giakas, Minas A. Mina

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The back squat is a key strength and conditioning exercise used to develop lower-limb strength and power, yet little is known about how movement velocity influences its acute performance-enhancing effects, such as improvements in countermovement jump height and power. The present study examined the acute effects of slow (vslow) versus fast (vfast) eccentric-phase velocity during back squats performed withmaximal concentric velocity on subsequent countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, using a randomized, crossover design. Methods: Fourteen male subjects (age = 22.9 ± 1.9 years; height = 1.8 ± 0.1 m; mass = 76.4 ± 8.3 kg) visited the laboratory on two …