Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Height-For-Age And Hiv On Cognitive Development Of School-Aged Children In Nairobi, Kenya: A Structural Equation Modelling Analysis, Rachel Maina, Jia He, Amina Abubakar, Miguel Perez-Garcia, Manasi Kumar, Jelte M. Wicherts

Brain and Mind Institute

Background: Empirical evidence indicates that both HIV infection and stunting impede cognitive functions of school-going children. However, there is less evidence on how these two risk factors amplify each other’s negative effects. This study aimed to examine the direct effects of stunting on cognitive outcomes and the extent to which stunting (partially) mediates the effects of HIV, age, and gender on cognitive outcomes.

Methodology: We applied structural equation modelling to cross-sectional data from 328 children living with HIV and 260 children living without HIV aged 6–14 years from Nairobi, Kenya to test the mediating effect of stunting and predictive …

Nutrition Situation Analysis In The Uae: A Review Study, Haleama Al Sabbah, Enas A. Assaf, Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh, Afra Salah Alsammach, Haifa Madi, Nouf Khamis Al Ali, Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri, Leila Cheikh Ismail

All Works

This review study aimed to assess the nutrition situation in the UAE using published data from 2010 to 2022. It highlights the gaps and challenges that prevail in addressing the nutrition-related problems in the UAE and the opportunities that have been overlooked. The available literature indicates that the UAE is burdened with more than one form of nutrition-related problems, including being underweight, being overweight, obesity, micronutrient deficiencies, and nutrition-related chronic diseases. It is clear that data on micronutrient deficiencies, protein-energy malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, and other nutrition-related diseases among the UAE population are extremely scarce. The UAE has a high prevalence …

Performance Of Machine Learning Classifiers In Classifying Stunting Among Under-Five Children In Zambia, Obvious Nchimunya Chilyabanyama, Roma Chilengi, Roma Chilengi, Michelo Simuyandi, Caroline C. Chisenga, Masuzyo Chirwa, Kalongo Hamusonde, Rakesh Kumar Saroj, Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Innocent Ngaruye

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Stunting is a global public health issue. We sought to train and evaluate machine learning (ML) classification algorithms on the Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) dataset to predict stunting among children under the age of five in Zambia. We applied Logistic regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), SV classification (SVC), XG Boost (XgB) and Naïve Bayes (NB) algorithms to predict the probability of stunting among children under five years of age, on the 2018 ZDHS dataset. We calibrated predicted probabilities and plotted the calibration curves to compare model performance. We computed accuracy, recall, precision and F1 for each machine learning algorithm. …

Children Receiving A Nutrition And High-Quality Early Childhood Education Intervention Are Associated With Greater Math And Fluid Intelligence Scores: The Guatemala City Municipal Nurseries, Ana M. Palacios, Lisa A. Villanueva, Matthew B. Flynn, Erik Parker, Stephanie Dickinson, Helen W. Bland, Greg A. Reinhart

Department of Health Policy and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background: About 47% of children < 5 years of age are stunted in Guatemala. In this study, the investigators aimed to compare growth and cognitive outcomes between children in second grade that attended five Guatemala City Municipal Nurseries (GCMN) vs. same sex, grade, and age-matched children. Methods: A cross-sectional design nested in a retrospective cohort was implemented between 2015 and 2019. Children that attended the GCMN and matched controls completed a math test and validated receptive language and fluid intelligence tests. The primary caregivers completed a sociodemographic survey. General and generalized linear mixed effect models were used to compare children that attended the GCMN vs. controls. The models were adjusted by maternal education, sex, asset score, and other relevant covariates. Results: Children that attended the GCMN exhibited greater math and fluid intelligence scores relative to the controls in the adjusted models (ß = 6.48; 95% CI (2.35–10.61)) and (ß = 1.20; 95% CI (0.12–2.29)), respectively. Lower odds of stunting were significant for children who went to any early childcare institution (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI (0.09–0.89)). Conclusions: The importance of integrating nutrition and high-quality early childhood education interventions in cognitive and growth outcomes is highlighted in this study. The GCMN model may be a scalable model in similar low-resource settings.

Bile Acid Profiling Reveals Distinct Signatures In Undernourished Children With Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Xueheng Zhao, Kenneth D R. Setchell, Rong Huang, Indika Mallawaarachchi, Lubaina Ehsan, Edward Dobrzykowski Iii, Junfang Zhao, Sana Syed, Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Junaid Iqbal, Kamran Sadiq, Sheraz Ahmed, Syed Asad Ali

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Intestinal inflammation and malabsorption in environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) are associated with early childhood growth faltering in impoverished settings worldwide.
Objectives: The goal of this study was to identify candidate biomarkers associated with inflammation, EED histology, and as predictors of later growth outcomes by focusing on the liver-gut axis by investigating the bile acid metabolome.
Methods: Undernourished rural Pakistani infants (n = 365) with weight-for-height Z score (WHZ) < -2 were followed up to the age of 24 mo and monitored for growth, infections, and EED. Well-nourished local children (n = 51) were controls, based on consistent WHZ > 0 and height-for-age Z score (HAZ) > -1 on 2 consecutive visits at 3 and 6 mo. Serum bile acid (sBA) profiles were measured by tandem MS at the ages of 3-6 …

Effectiveness Of Unconditional Cash Transfers Combined With Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement And/Or Behavior Change Communication To Prevent Stunting Among Children In Pakistan: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Shabina Ariff, Gul Nawaz Khan, Atif Habib, Sumra Kureishy, Yasir Ihtesham, Masawar Hussain, Arjumand Rizvi, Muhammad Sajid, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: In Pakistan, the prevalence of stunting among children under-five years has remained above WHO critical thresholds (≥30%) over the last two decades.
Objective: We hypothesized that an unconditional cash transfer (UCT) combined with lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) and/or social and behavior change communication (SBCC) will prevent stunting among children 6-23 months of age.
Design: This was a four-arm, community-based cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in the district of Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan. A total of 1729 children (UCT n = 434); (UCT+SBCC n = 433); (UCT+LNS n = 430) and (UCT+LNS+SBCC n = 432) were enrolled at 6 months …

The Double Burden Of Malnutrition And Associated Factors Among South Asian Adolescents: Findings From The Global School-Based Student Health Survey, Sara Estecha Querol, Romaina Iqbal, Laura Kudrna, Lena Al-Khudairy, Paramijit Gill

Community Health Sciences

The health and nutrition of the global adolescent population have been under-researched, in spite of its significant size (1.2 billion). This study investigates the prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition (stunting, thinness and overweight) among adolescents living in South Asia. The sample analysed was 24,053 South Asian schooled adolescents aged 12-15 years that participated in the cross-sectional Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) between 2009 and 2016. The prevalence of stunting, thinness and overweight was calculated using the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Reference 2007. Associations between the three forms of malnutrition and their possible associated factors were assessed …

Effectiveness Of Specialized Nutritious Foods And Social And Behavior Change Communication Interventions To Prevent Stunting Among Children In Badakhshan, Afghanistan: Protocol For A Quasi-Experimental Study, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Gul Nawaz Khan, Shabina Ariff, Arjumand Rizvi, Mohammad Asif Hussainyar, Cecilia Garzon, Martin Ahimbisibwe, Rafiullah Sadeed, Ahmad Reshad

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Stunting predominantly occurs during the first 1000 days of life and continues to the age of five years. We will aim to assess the effectiveness of specialized nutritious foods (SNF)and social and behavior change communication (SBCC) strategies during the first 1000 days of life to prevent stunting among children in two rural districts of Badakhshan, Afghanistan. This will be a quasi-experimental pre-post study with the control group utilizing qualitative and quantitative methods. Before launching the program, formative research will be conducted on the acceptability, appropriate use and SBCC strategies needed to support the introduction of intervention package. Repeated cross-sectional baseline …

Adolescent Undernutrition In South Asia: A Scoping Review, Sara Estecha Querol, Paramjit Gill, Romaina Iqbal, Maartje Kletter, Neslihan Ozdemir, Lena Al-Khudairy

Community Health Sciences

Undernutrition is a growing public health challenge affecting growth and development during adolescence in many low- and middle-income countries. This scoping review maps the evidence on adolescent undernutrition (stunting, thinness and micronutrient deficiencies) in South Asia and highlights gaps in knowledge. Using Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' Manual, the search included electronic bibliographic databases (Medline (OVID), Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Scopus) as well as various grey literature sources published up to March 2019. In total, 131 publications met the inclusion criteria of this review. All the included evidence used quantitative …

Stunting And Combined Overweight With Stunting Among Schoolchildren In Kuwait: Trends Over A 13-Year Period, Abdullah Al-Taiar, Nawal Alqaoud, Reem Sharaf Alddin, Faheema Alanezi, Monica Subhakaran, Anne Dumadag, Ahmed N. Albatineh

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the sex- and age-specific trends of stunting and combined overweight with stunting among schoolchildren over a 13-year period in Kuwait. Subjects and Methods: The Kuwait Nutrition Surveillance System objectively measured the height of 172,573 schoolchildren (5–19 years) over a 13-year period (2007–2019). Data on gender and date of birth were extracted from school records. Stunting was defined as height 2 standard deviations (SD) below the World Health Organization growth reference median. Logistic regression models were used to examine the trends of stunting over the study period while stratifying by gender. Results: In males, the …

Preconceptional Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplementation In 2 Low-Resource Countries Results In Distinctly Different Igf-1/Mtor Placental Responses, Marisol Castillo-Castrejon, Ivana V. Yang, Elizabeth J. Davidson, Sarah J. Borengasser, Purevsuren Jambal, Jamie Westcott, Jennifer F. Kemp, Ana Garces, Sumera Aziz Ali, Sarah Saleem

Community Health Sciences

Background: Preconceptional maternal small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation (SQLNS) improved intrauterine linear growth in low-resource countries as demonstrated by the Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial (WF). Fetal growth is dependent on nutrient availability and regulated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) through changes in placental transfer capacity, mediated by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.
Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the role of placental mTOR and IGF-1 signaling on fetal growth in women from 2 low-resource countries with high rates of stunting after they received preconceptional SQLNS.
Methods: We studied 48 women from preconception through delivery who were …

Terminal Logic Behavior And Strategic Defection Of Governmental Officials During Presidential Transitions In Guatemala: Implications For The Sustainability Of Food And Nutrition Security Policy, Jessica L. Escobar-Alegria, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Christine E. Blake

Faculty Publications

Background: Presidents with no possibility of re-election overvalue far-future rewards and succumb to terminal logic behavior (TLB), responding to end-of-tenure legacy concerns despite political context. Government authorities perceiving the outgoing government is losing power at the end of term behave under the logic of strategic defection (SD), dissociating from the outgoing government once it is perceived powerless. In countries where re-election is impossible and government turnover and inconstant political parties are concerns, governmental officials at all levels may show TLB and SD during transitions that affect policy sustainability. Objectives: This study aimed to understand the context during presidential transitions that …

Drivers Of Stunting Reduction In Peru: A Country Case Study, Luis Huicho, Elisa Vidal-Cárdenas, Nadia Akseer, Samanpreet Brar, Kaitlin Conway, Muhammad Islam, Elisa Juarez, Aviva Rappaport, Hana Tasic, Tyler Vaivada, Jannah Wigle, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background: Peru reduced its under-5 child stunting prevalence notably from 31.3% in 2000 to 13.1% in 2016.
Objectives: We aimed to study factors and key enablers of child stunting reduction in Peru from 2000-2016.
Methods: Demographic and Health Surveys were used to conduct descriptive analyses [height-for-age z scores (HAZ) means and distributions, equity analysis, predicted child growth curves through polynomial regressions] and advanced regression analyses. An ecological (at department level) multilevel regression analysis was conducted to identify the major predictors of stunting decline from 2000 to 2016, and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition was conducted to identify the relative contribution of each factor …

Stunting In Childhood: An Overview Of Global Burden, Trends, Determinants, And Drivers Of Decline, Tyler Vaivada, Nadia Akseer, Selai Akseer, Ahalya Somaskandan, Marianne Stefopulos, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background: Progress has been made worldwide in reducing chronic undernutrition and rates of linear growth stunting in children under 5 y of age, although rates still remain high in many regions. Policies, programs, and interventions supporting maternal and child health and nutrition have the potential to improve child growth and development.
Objective: This article synthesizes the available global evidence on the drivers of national declines in stunting prevalence and compares the relative effect of major drivers of stunting decline between countries.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of published peer-reviewed and gray literature analyzing the relation between changes in key …

Specialized Nutritious Food Combined With Cash Transfers And Social And Behavior Change Communication To Prevent Stunting Among Children Aged 6 To 23 Months In Pakistan: Protocol For A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, Gul Nawaz Khan, Sumra Kureishy, Shabina Ariff, Atif Habib, Asra Abeer Usmani, Areeba Mubarik, Masawar Hussain, Naveed Akbar, Pablo Rodriguez De Castro, Alba Cecilia Garzon, Saskia De Pee, Sajid Bashir Soofi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: In Pakistan, the prevalence of stunting in children younger than 5 years has remained above global critical levels over the past two decades, with the stunting rate being 40.2% in 2018. Children living in rural areas and in the poorest households suffer the most from stunting across the country-43.2% in rural areas and 51.4% in the lowest wealth quintile. As a continuing public health concern, it is essential that stunting prevention is a national priority in order to ensure human capital development, especially among the poorest households.
Objective: The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect …

Effect Of Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement-Medium Quantity On Reduction Of Stunting In Children 6-23 Months Of Age In Sindh, Pakistan: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, Gul Nawaz Khan, Sumra Kureishy, Shabina Ariff, Arjumand Rizvi, Muhammad Sajid, Cecilia Garzon, Ali Ahmad Khan, Saskia De Pee, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Chronic childhood malnutrition, or stunting, remains a persistent barrier to achieve optimal cognitive development, child growth and ability to reach full potential. Almost half of children under-five years of age are stunted in the province of Sindh, Pakistan.
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the provision of lipid-based nutrient supplement-medium-quantity (LNS-MQ) known as Wawamum will result in a 10% reduction in risk of being stunted at the age of 24 months in the intervention group compared with the control group.
Design: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in Thatta and Sujawal …

Food Supplements To Reduce Stunting In Pakistan: A Process Evaluation Of Community Dynamics Shaping Uptake, Shehla Zaidi, Jai K. Das, Gul Nawaz Khan, Rabia Najmi Taha, Mashal Murad Shah, Sajid Bashir Soofi

Community Health Sciences

Background: There is an increasing interest in use of food supplements to prevent childhood stunting, however the evidence on the process indicators is scarce. We in this study explore the barriers to the effective implementation of food supplementation programs and the possible mitigation strategies which can guide the design of future programs.
Methods: We undertook a process evaluation of a stunting prevention food supplementation pilot program in rural Pakistan that distributed Wheat Soy Blend (WSB) to pregnant & lactating women, and Lipid-based Nutrient Supplement (LNS) and micronutrient powder (MNP) to < 5 years children. We used a mixed methods approach through a quantitative survey of 800 households and conducted 18 focused group discussion (FGDs) (with male and female caregivers), 4 FGDs (with Community Health Workers (CHWs)) and 22 key informant interviews (with district stakeholders) to evaluate the community side factors affecting uptake through five parameters: value, acceptability, receipt of supplement, usage and correct dosage.
Results: The findings show that proportionately few beneficiaries consumed the …

Effect Of Differences In Month And Location Of Measurement In Estimating Prevalence And Trend Of Wasting And Stunting In India In 2005-2006 And 2015-2016, Emily M. Madan, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Sayeed Unisa, Laxmikant Dwivedi, Robert Johnston, Abner Daniel, Praween K. Agrawal, Sila Deb, Ajay Khera, Purnima Menon, Phuong H. Nguyen

Faculty Publications

Background: Child undernutrition in India remains widespread. Data from the National Family Health Survey 3 and 4 (NFHS-3 and NFHS-4) suggest that wasting prevalence has increased while stunting prevalence has declined. Objective: The objectives of this study were to do the following: ) describe wasting and stunting by month of measurement in India in children surveys, and ) test whether differences in the timing of anthropometric data collection and in states between survey years introduced bias in the comparison of estimates of wasting and stunting between NFHS-3 and NFHS-4. Methods: Data on wasting and stunting for 42,608 and 232,744 children …

Protein Availability And Consumption, And Stunting Rates, For Primary School Children In The Southern Regions Of Ethiopia And Zambia, Megan Wackel

NUTR/GLST 498b: Global Research Experiences in Nutrition and Health

•Stunting is common in Sub-Sahara Africa, with millions of children who are short in stature also experiencing poor overall health and development, as well as poor school performance (Semba 2016; Semba, et al., 2016). •As many as 39% of children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia’s Sidama Region (formerly SNNPR) can be classified as stunted (CSA & ICF 2016). By comparison, 29% of under 5’s in Zambia’s Southern Province have short height for age (CSA, MOH, & ICF 2018). •Low protein and essential amino acid intake, among populations of 116 countries, has been suggested as the primary cause of …

Mainstreaming Nutrition Services: Stabilization Centers And Outpatient Therapeutic Program Centers, Ashar Muhammad Malik

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Preconception Nutrition Intervention Improved Birth Length And Reduced Stunting And Wasting In Newborns In South Asia: The Women First Randomized Controlled Trial., Sangappa M Dhaded, K. Michael Hambidge, Sumera Aziz Ali, Manjunath Somannavar, Sarah Saleem, Omrana Pasha, Umber Khan, Veena Herekar, Sunil Vernekar, S. Yogesh Kumar, Jamie E. Westcott, Vanessa R. Thorsten, Amaanti Sridhar, Abhik Das, Elizabeth Mcclure, Richard J. Derman, Robert L. Goldenberg, Marion Koso-Thomas, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Nancy F. Krebs

Global Health Articles

South Asia has >50% of the global burden of low birth weight (LBW). The objective was to determine the extent to which maternal nutrition interventions commenced before conception or in the 1st trimester improved fetal growth in this region. This was a secondary analysis of combined newborn anthropometric data for the South Asian sites (India and Pakistan) in the Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial. Participants were 972 newborn of mothers who were poor, rural, unselected on basis of nutritional status, and had been randomized to receive a daily lipid-based micronutrient supplement commencing ≥3 months prior to conception (Arm 1), …

Stunting Is A Recognised Problem: Evidence For The Potential Benefits Of Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Barbara J. Meyer

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Stunting remains a major nutritional problem worldwide, especially in middle and low-income countries including Indonesia. A number of nutrition feeding programs to cure stunting is basically addressing the problem of malnutrition. These programs are particularly designed to promote recovery of normal metabolic function and weight gain. The currently available remedial formula for malnutrition contains energy and nutrients to recover their weight, but there is less nutrition that would support optimal functional development of tissues including central nervous system. Research has well documented that sufficient intakes of dietary omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) are important for optimal health …

Who Infant And Young Child Feeding Indicators In Relation To Anthropometric Measurements, Abdullah Al-Taiar, Nawal Alqaoud, Majeda S. Hammoud, Faheema Alanezi, Nawal Aldalmani, Monica Subhakaran

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objective: This study aimed to report the WHO infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators from Kuwait and to investigate the associations between these indicators and anthropometric measurements.

Design: The Kuwait Nutritional Surveillance System uses observational cross-sectional approach to collects data by face-to-face interviews with mothers or child guardians using a structured questionnaire that was developed based on the WHO IYCF indicators. The weight and height of infants and young children were measured using digital scales in a standardised manner.

Setting: Vaccination centres in all governorates (provinces) of Kuwait.

Participants: Infants and young Kuwaiti children aged 0–23 months (N 5839). …

Determinants Of Linear Growth Faltering Among Children With Moderate-To-Severe Diarrhea In The Global Enteric Multicenter Study, Rebecca L. Brander, Patricia B. Pavlinac, Judd L. Walson, Grace C. John-Stewart, Marcia R. Weaver, Abu S. G Faruque, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Dipika Sur, Samba O. Sow, M Jahangir Hossain

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in the first 2 years of life can impair linear growth. We sought to determine risk factors for linear growth faltering and to build a clinical prediction tool to identify children most likely to experience growth faltering following an episode of MSD.
Methods: Using data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study of children 0-23 months old presenting with MSD in Africa and Asia, we performed log-binomial regression to determine clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with severe linear growth faltering (loss of ≥ 0.5 length-for-age z-score [LAZ]). Linear regression was used to estimate associations with ΔLAZ. A …

Short Relative Leg Length Is Associated With Overweight And Obesity In Mexican Immigrant Women, Mireya Vilar-Compte, James Macinko, Beth C. Weitzman, Carlos M. Avendaño-Villela

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Prior research suggests that undernutrition and enteric infections predispose children to stunted growth. Undernutrition and infections have been associated with limited access to healthy diets, lack of sanitation, and access barriers to healthcare - all associated with human rights. Stunting has also been documented to be a major determinant of subsequent obesity and non-communicable diseases. Short leg length relative to stature during adulthood seems to be a good proxy indicator tracking such barriers, and has been reported to be associated with adverse health effects during adulthood. Our objective was to examine the association between relative leg length (as measured …

Nash-Wo-Numa (Childhood Growth & Development) Study Protocol: Factors That Impact Linear Growth In Children 9 To 15 Years Of Age In Matiari, Pakistan, Susan C. Campisi, Yaqub Wasan, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Suneeta Monga, Daphne J. Korczak, Wendy Lou, Olle Soder, Ashley Vandermorris, Khadija N Humayun, Ayesha Mian, Peter Szatmari, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: Adolescence is a time of significant physical and emotional change, and there is emerging concern that adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) may face substantial challenges in relation to linear growth and mental health. Data on the global burden of stunting after 5 years of age are limited, but estimates suggest up to 50 per cent of all adolescents in some LMIC are stunted. Additionally, many LMIC lack robust mental health care delivery systems. Pakistan has one of the world's largest populations of adolescents (10 to 19 years) at approximately 40 million. The Nash-wo-Numa study's primary objective …

A Multicountry Randomized Controlled Trial Of Comprehensive Maternal Nutrition Supplementation Initiated Before Conception: The Women First Trial., K. Michael Hambidge, Jamie E. Westcott, Ana Garcés, Lester Figueroa, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sangappa M. Dhaded, Omrana Pasha, Sumera A. Ali, Antoinette Tshefu, Adrien Lokangaka, Richard J. Derman, Robert L. Goldenberg, Carl L. Bose, Melissa Bauserman, Marion Koso-Thomas, Vanessa R. Thorsten, Amaanti Sridhar, Kristen Stolka, Abhik Das, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Nancy F. Krebs

Global Health Articles

Background: Reported benefits of maternal nutrition supplements commenced during pregnancy in low-resource populations have typically been quite limited.

Objectives: This study tested the effects on newborn size, especially length, of commencing nutrition supplements for women in low-resource populations ≥3 mo before conception (Arm 1), compared with the same supplement commenced late in the first trimester of pregnancy (Arm 2) or not at all (control Arm 3).

Methods: Women First was a 3-arm individualized randomized controlled trial (RCT). The intervention was a lipid-based micronutrient supplement; a protein-energy supplement was also provided if maternal body mass index (kg/m2) was(DRC), Guatemala, India, and …

Associations Between Feeding Practices And Growth And Neurodevelopmental Outcomes, Barbara T. Do, Nellie I. Hansen, Carla Bann, Rebecca L. Lander, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Omrana Pasha, Elwyn Chomba, Sangappa M. Dhaded, Vanessa R. Thorsten, Jan L. Wallander, Fred J. Biasini, Richard Derman, Robert L. Goldenberg, Waldemar A. Carlo

Global Health Articles

Background

Feeding practices over the first several years of a child’s life can critically influence development. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between feeding practices and growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 36 months of age among children from low- and low-middle-income countries (LMIC).

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis using data collected from children in India, Pakistan, and Zambia who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a home-based early development intervention program called Brain Research to Ameliorate Impaired Neurodevelopment Home-based Intervention Trial. Qualitative dietary data collected at 36 months was used to assess the modified …

Tackling Stunting And Anemia In Egypt, Abeer Alanwar, Hend Ahmed, Sabreen Mahmoud, Wessam Adly

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Stunting and anemia rates in children between the age of 0-24 months (0-2 years) have been two of the most persistent public health problems facing the Egyptian society and government. Based on the researchers' analysis of the problem, current policies, and on the opportunities Egypt has, this policy paper targets the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population and recommends reformulating a specific nutrition policy to tackle stunting and anemia as well providing awareness and education about the appropriate IYCF and to give high priority to strengthening the health provision of the required micronutrients in family care units (FCU), as well …

معالجة التقزم وفقر الدم في مصر, Abeer Alanwar, Hend Ahmed, Sabreen Mahmoud, Wessam Adly

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Stunting and anemia rates in children between the age of 0-24 months (0-2 years) have been two of the most persistent public health problems facing the Egyptian society and government. Based on the researchers' analysis of the problem, current policies, and on the opportunities Egypt has, this policy paper targets the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population and recommends reformulating a specific nutrition policy to tackle stunting and anemia as well providing awareness and education about the appropriate IYCF and to give high priority to strengthening the health provision of the required micronutrients in family care units (FCU), as well …