Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Regional And Socioeconomic Factors Impacting Pediatric Victims Of Cranial Gunshot Wounds: Analysis Of The Kids’ Inpatient Database (Kid), Michael Melhem, Elise Yoon, Matthew Brennan, Enoch Kim, Yasmeen Berry, Michael Cools, Leopold Arko

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction

Injury by firearms among the pediatric population is a growing concern in the United States. This paper investigates demographic factors associated with pediatric cranial gunshot wounds (GSW).

Methods

A query of the KID databases from 1997-2019 was run for cranial GSW and craniotomy ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. ANOVA and chi-squared tests were performed to analyze demographics and outcomes by injury type.

Results

Our query resulted in 2990 cranial GSW patients; 86.1% were male. Mean age was 16.48 years; accidental victims were the youngest and intentional the oldest (14.88±5.2, 17.2±2.3, p< 0.001). Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian-Pacific-Islanders (minorities) were most commonly victims of assault; Whites were most commonly victims of intentional GSW (p< 0.001). Victims mostly had Medicaid except for intentional victims who were more likely to have private insurance (p< 0.001). Assault was the predominant injury type in all regions, especially in the West (33.7%). The South had the most accidental (51.9%) and intentional (44.6%) injuries. In 1997 and 2019 the predominant GSW type was accidental; in all other years assault predominated. Accidental victims were most likely to undergo craniotomy and intentional were least likely (p< 0.001). Inpatient mortality was 46.4% with intentional victims having the highest rate (68.6%) then undetermined (60.3%) and law enforcement-related (57.7%).

Conclusion

Victims of assault were more likely to be …

Cancer Disparities In Southeast Asia: Intersectionality And A Call To Action, Erin Jay G. Feliciano, Frances Dominique V. Ho, Kaisin Yee, Joseph A. Paguio, Michelle Ann B. Eala, Janine Patricia G. Robredo, Kenrick Ng, Jasmine Lim, Khin Thuzar Pyone, Catherine A. Peralta, Jerickson Abbie Flores, J. Seth Yao, Patricia Mae G. Santos, Christian Daniel U. Ang, Gideon Lasco, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Gary Tse, Enrico D. Tangco, T. Peter Kingham, Imjai Chitapanarux, Nirmala Bhoo-Pathy, Gerardo D. Legaspi, Edward Christopher Dee

Einstein Health Papers

No abstract provided.

Intersectionality Of Demographic Characteristics In Self-Reported Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Probable Eating Disorders Among College Students, Jamie Egbert, Amy Luke, Fares Qeadan

Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health

Objective:

To investigate associations between identity intersectionality, with a primary focus on minority identity, and probable eating disorders (EDs) within the US college student population.

Method:

Data consisting of n=414,299 college students' responses to the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment between fall 2015and spring 2019 were utilized for this study. Overall and stratified adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were used to assess the association between different facets of identity(i.e., race/ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation) and probable EDs.

Results:

Among all, in our analytic sample, 7.15% reported a probable ED. Interactions between all three identity variables were significant, …

Dietary Intake During A Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Weight Loss Trial In An Underserved Population In Primary Care, John W. Apolzan, Corby K. Martin, Robert L. Newton, Candice A. Myers, Connie L. Arnold, Terry C. Davis, William D. Johnson, Dachuan Zhang, Christoph Höchsmann, Vivian A. Fonseca, Kara D. Denstel, Emily F. Mire, Benjamin F. Springgate, Carl J. Lavie, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Phillip Brantley, Ronald Horswell, Tina K. Thethi, Jonathan Gugel, Eboni Price-Haywood, Kathleen B. Kennedy, Daniel F. Sarpong

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Currently there are limited data as to whether dietary intake can be improved during pragmatic weight loss interventions in primary care in underserved individuals. Methods: Patients with obesity were recruited into the PROPEL trial, which randomized 18 clinics to either an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) or usual care (UC). At baseline and months 6, 12, and 24, fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake and fat intake was determined. Outcomes were analyzed by repeated-measures linear mixed-effects multilevel models and regression models, which included random cluster (clinic) effects. Secondary analyses examined the effects of race, sex, age, and food security status. Results: …

Racial Disparities In Access To Dbs: Results Of A Real-World U.S. Claims Data Analysis, Michael Frassica, Drew S Kern, Mitra Afshari, Allison T Connolly, Chengyuan Wu, Nathan Rowland, Juan Ramirez-Castaneda, Mwiza Ushe, Claudia Salazar, Xenos Mason

Farber Institute for Neuroscience Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective and standard-of-care therapy for Parkinson's Disease and other movement disorders when symptoms are inadequately controlled with conventional medications. It requires expert care for patient selection, surgical targeting, and therapy titration. Despite the known benefits, racial/ethnic disparities in access have been reported. Technological advancements with smartphone-enabled devices may influence racial disparities. Real-world evidence investigations can shed further light on barriers to access and demographic disparities for DBS patients.

METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using Medicare claims linked with manufacturer patient data tracking to analyze 3,869 patients who received DBS. Patients were …

African American Males Have More Distress During Cancer Treatment Than White Males, Stephanie Kjelstrom, Charis Wynn, Sharon Larson

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

African American (AA) males have a higher incidence and mortality rate for some cancers than other races and sexes, which could be associated with distress during treatment, medical mistrust, and health disparities. We hypothesize distress in AA males during treatment is higher than in other races and sexes. We assessed effect modification of moderate to severe (≥ 4) distress scores during cancer treatment by race and sex, age, and socioeconomic status (SES). National Comprehensive Cancer Network's distress thermometer (scale 0-10) and characteristics for 770 cancer patients were collected from a Philadelphia hospital. Variables included age, sex, race, smoking status, marital …

The Black Progress Index In Mountain West Metropolitan Statistical Areas (Msas), Zachary Billot, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Demography

This fact sheet examines data from the Brookings Institution report, “Black Progress Index: Examining Social Factors That Influence Black Well-Being” authored by Andre Perry and Jonathan Rothwell in September 2022. The Black Progress Index (BPI) score is constructed using data and social factors that impact life expectancy for Black Americans. This fact sheet compares the BPI with the actual life expectancy of Black people in Mountain West metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). This fact sheet also examines each of the 13 variables included in the original report to present the BPI in the Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV MSA.

Does Race, Ethnicity, And Insurance Status Predict Functional Outcomes In Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients?, Malachy Clancy, Phd, Otr/L, Bcpr

Department of Occupational Therapy Posters and Presentations

Objectives

1. Understand factors associated with functional improvements in patients hospitalized with COVID-19
2. Describe the prevalence of functional disability in a cohort of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19

Physician Workforce In The Mountain West, Hira Ahmed, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Health

Using data from the Association of American Medical College’s State Physician Workforce Data Report, this fact sheet synthesizes Mountain West data on the numbers of active physicians and active physician demographics in Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. This fact sheet focuses on active physicians in the Mountain West region by gender, race and ethnicity, as well as the number of students pursuing medical and premedical education.

Environmentalism: Flint Michigan Water Crisis, Zamzam Mohammed

Religion: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

This essay examines the public health hazard of Flint Michigan that affected tens of thousands of individuals predominately Black and African Americans. This event was not only systematic, but it portrayed a sense of racial bias and environmental injustice. Not only were Flint residents getting sick due to the unhealthy supply of water source but they were silenced. Unfortunately Black and African Americans felt undermined and oppressed. The underdevelopment and unethical abandonment of the city portrays how much power and authority the city officials possess. Their disregard for the health hazard proves that they care more about monetary gain than …

Colour-Blind Racial Attitudes In Entry-Level Dental Hygiene Students In Virginia, Emily Ludwig, Jessica Suedbeck

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Objective: Subscribing to colour-blind racial attitudes may contribute to inequities in the delivery of oral care and affect treatment of diverse patients. The purpose of this study was to survey all entry-level dental hygiene students in one state to determine colour-blind racial attitudes.

Methods: After IRB approval, a convenience sample of 219 dental hygiene students in all entry-level programmes in Virginia were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. The Colour-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS), an effective, validated measuring instrument, was used to quantify unawareness of contemporary racist ideals. Three subscales (Racial Privilege, Institutional Discrimination and Blatant Racial Issues) were …

From Intersubjectivity To Activism: A Case For Engaged Psychoanalytic And Psychodynamic Psychology, Abigail Bliss

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This dissertation consists of a book proposal, including a completed introduction and first chapter, in addition to detailed chapter outlines summarizing the content for the actual book. After framing this project and exploring its inspiration, which includes Freud and his free clinics (Danto, 2005), the first chapter begins with explorations of multiple theories of intersubjectivity and the analytic third, considering how contemporary sociopolitical factors might affect the intersubjective experience. To this end, I demonstrate how race, politics, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the incorporation of telehealth practices affect the intersubjective experience in psychoanalytic/psychodynamic (PA/PD) psychotherapy. I then research and review PA/PD …

Criterion Validity Of Protective Behavioral Strategies For Alcohol Consumption Among College Students, Abby L. Braitman, Amy Stamates, Melissa Colangelo, Sarah J. Ehlke, Jordan Ortman, Kristin E. Heron, Kate B. Carey

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background: Protective behavioral strategies (PBS), or behaviors used to reduce harm associated with alcohol use, are often associated with lower levels of alcohol consumption, lower engagement in high-risk drinking behaviors, and fewer alcohol-related consequences. Although the majority of studies have found significant associations between higher PBS use and lower consumption or consequences, some studies have found nonsignificant or even positive associations. One explanatory hypothesis is that the mixed findings are due to differential content in PBS measures. Objectives: The current study examined the criterion validity of two widely-used PBS measures, the PBSS and the SQ. In a multi-institution online …

Work-Family Spillover And Depression: Are There Racial Differences Among Employed Women?, Ariane L. Rung, Evrim Oral, Edward S. Peters

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

The intersection of work and family life can be a source of burden (negative) and a source of growth (positive). Negative work-to-family and family-to-work spillover have been linked to poor mental health, while positive work-to-family and family-to-work spillover have been linked to improved health outcomes. Less is known about these relationships in racial subgroups. Louisiana, USA, has a large proportion of African Americans, providing a unique population in which to study these relationships. The objectives of this study were to examine, among a sample of women in southern Louisiana in 2017, levels of work-family spillover by race and how the …

Engaging Public Health Critical Race Praxis In Local Social Determinants Of Health Research: The Youth Health Equity And Action Research Training Program In Portland, Or—Yheartpdx, Ryan J. Petteway, Lourdes Gonzalez

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

The social determinants of health (SDH) have long been considered a core mechanism through which racial health inequities are (re)produced and incubated in the U.S. Moreover, scholars have expressly—and appropriately—named structural racism as a precursor to inequities associated with SDH. However, while research on racial health inequities—SDH-related or otherwise—continues to grow, communities of color remain grossly underrepresented as public health researchers and practitioners. Additionally, although SDH are experienced in a very local sense, much research and practice fails to more deeply and thoroughly engage and center local community knowledges. Thus, much work around SDH and racial health inequities presents, ironically, …

Racial Disparities In Rescheduling Elective Surgeries Following Covid-19, Anna H. Kang, Benjamin M. Sims, Charles S. Day

Medical Student Research Symposium

INTRODUCTION:

Due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, healthcare systems were mandated to cancel elective procedures as a public health safety measure. This study aimed to evaluate subsequent rescheduling in relation to patients’ interpreted risks of receiving care and reported discrepancies of the COVID-19 pandemic’s direct impacts on minority populations.

METHODS:

An orthopedic surgery research consortium developed a clinical survey to assess the impact of elective surgery cancellations on patients. Topics included demographics, cancellation sentiments, and rescheduling preferences (“ASAP”, “within 3 months”, “6 months”, “12 months”, or “do not wish to reschedule”). The survey was administered for surgeries cancelled between March 15 …

Google Translate "Schwartzfahrer" And The Exploration Of Racism And Belonging In A Different Culture, James P. Meza, Daniel Tanbakuchi, Robin Zehner, Andrea Daniel, Jianming Lau

Conference Presentation Abstracts

This project is based on the premise that observing a different culture enables a less politicized discussion of racism in the America. Using the short film "Schwartzfahrer" by Pepe Danquart, this project proposes convening focus groups to uncover layers of meaning and differing perspectives on topics that include race, identity, immigration, societal belonging-exclusion, and civic courage. The film is 12 minutes long. Participants will be asked to examine non-verbal and para-linguistic attributes portrayed. The second layer of meaning will be elicited by adding English subtitles and viewing the film again. The facilitator will elicit a list of overt racist utterances …

Race And Sex Associations With Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics In Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients, Kathleen M. Tornatore, Calvin J. Meaney, Kristopher Attwood, Daniel A. Brazeau, Gregory E. Wilding, Joseph D. Consiglio, Aijaz Gundroo, Shrley S. Chang, Vanessa Gray, Louise M. Cooper, Rocco C. Venuto

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

Study Objective: This study investigated race and sex differences in tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in stable kidney transplant recipients.

Design and Setting: A cross-sectional, open-label, single center, 12-h pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study was conducted. Tacrolimus pharmacokinetic parameters included area under the concentration-time curve (AUC_0–12), AUC_0–4, 12-h troughs (C_{12 h}), maximum concentrations (C_max), oral clearance (Cl), with dose-normalized AUC_0–12, troughs, and C_max with standardized adverse effect scores. Statistical models were used to analyze end points with individual covariate-adjustment including clinical factors, genotypic variants CYP3A5*3, CYP3A5*6, CYP3A5*7(CYP3A5*3*6*7 …

Genetic Assessment Of Hyperuricemia And Gout In Asian, Native Hawaiian, And Pacific Islander Subgroups Of Pregnant Women: Biospecimens Repository Cross-Sectional Study, Ali Alghubayshi, Alison Edelman, Khalifa Alrajeh, Youssef Roman

Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science Publications

Background

Gout, an inflammatory condition, is characterized by the precipitation of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in or around distal joints. The latter is caused by chronic hyperuricemia (HU)—high urate levels in the blood. Genetic variations in urate transporters play a significant role in determining urate levels within the human body, rendering some racial and ethnic groups more or less susceptible to developing either HU or gout. This study aims to estimate the frequencies of HU and gout risk alleles in Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander subgroups, using biorepository DNA samples.

Methods

The biospecimens repository at the University of Hawai’i …

Overcoming The Covid-19 Pandemic For Dementia Research: Engaging Rural, Older, Racially And Ethnically Diverse Church Attendees In Remote Recruitment, Intervention And Assessment, Lisa Kirk Wiese, Ishan C. Williams, Nancy E. Schoenberg, James E. Galvin, Jennifer Lingler

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Background: Access to cognitive screening in rural underserved communities is limited and was further diminished during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined whether a telephone-based cognitive screening intervention would be effective in increasing ADRD knowledge, detecting the need for further cognitive evaluation, and making and tracking the results of referrals.

Method: Using a dependent t-test design, older, largely African American and Afro-Caribbean participants completed a brief educational intervention, pre/post AD knowledge measure, and cognitive screening.

Results: Sixty of 85 eligible individuals consented. Seventy-percent of the sample self-reported as African American, Haitian Creole, or Hispanic, and 75% were female, with an average …

Racial Differences In Institutional Trust And Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy And Refusal, Anisah Bagasra, Sara Doan, Christopher T. Allen

Faculty and Research Publications

BACKGROUND: Previous research has indicated that demographic differences affect COVID-19 vaccination rates. Trust, in both the vaccine itself and institutional trust, is one possible factor. The present study examines racial differences in institutional trust and vaccine status among a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States. METHODS: Data for the current study was collected as part of Wave 8 Omnibus 2000 survey conducted by RAND ALP and consisted of 2080 participants. Responses were collected through the online RAND ALP survey in March 2021. RESULTS: Trust in the scientific community was the strongest predictor for already receiving at least …

Impact Of Race And Socioeconomics Disparities On Survival In Young-Onset Colorectal Adenocarcinoma-A Seer Registry Analysis., Mark M Aloysius, Hemant Goyal, Niraj J Shah, Kumar Pallav, Nimy John, Mahesh Gajendran, Abhilash Perisetti Md, Benjamin Tharian

PCI Publications and Projects

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to assess the impact of socio-economic determinants of health (SEDH) on survival disparities within and between the ethnic groups of young-onset (age) colorectal adenocarcinoma patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry was used to identify colorectal adenocarcinoma patients aged between 25-49 years from 2012 and 2016. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meir method. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the hazard effect of SEDH. American community survey (ACS) data 2012-2016 were used to analyze the impact of high school education, immigration status, poverty, household income, employment, marital status, and insurance …

Temporal Trends In Suicidal Ideation And Attempts Among Us Adolescents By Sex And Race/Ethnicity, 1991-2019, Yunyu Xiao, Julie Cerel, J. John Mann

Social Work Faculty Publications

Importance: Disparities by sex and racial/ethnic group in suicide death rates are present in US adolescents. Whether disparities in suicide death extend to groups targeted for suicide prevention efforts, namely, those with suicidal ideation or nonfatal suicide attempts, is unknown.

Objective: To examine differences in temporal trends between suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in US adolescents from 1991 through 2019 by sex and race/ethnicity subgroups.

Design, Setting, and Participants: A cross-sectional analysis of the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, weighted to represent US adolescents from 1991 to 2019, included 183 563 US high-school students in grades 9 to 12. Data …

Narrative Review Of Socioeconomic And Racial Disparities In The Treatment Of Early Stage Lung Cancer, Nathaniel R. Evans Iii, Tyler Grenda, Nkosi H. Alvarez, Olugbenga Okusanya

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

Background: To review and discuss the current literature regarding socio-economic and racial disparities in the treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Background: Lung cancer is the most lethal solid organ malignancy in the United States, with the second-highest incidence of new malignances for both men and women. While overall survival for lung cancer is improving, significant socioeconomic and racial disparities in outcomes for lung cancer persist. Methods: Narrative review of peer reviewed literature synthesizing findings retrieved from searches of computerized databases, primary article reference lists, authoritative texts and expert options. Results: The current incidence of lung cancer appears …

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Opioid Use For Adolescents At Us Emergency Departments, Michael T. Phan, Daniel M. Tomaszewski, Cody Arbuckle, Sun Yang, Candice D. Donaldson, Michelle A. Fortier, Brooke Jenkins, Erik Linstead, Zeev N. Kain

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Racial/ethnic disparities in the use of opioids to treat pain disorders have been previously reported in the emergency department (ED). Further research is needed to better evaluate the impact race/ethnicity may have on the use of opioids in adolescents for the management of pain disorders in the ED.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2006 to 2016. Multivariate models were used to evaluate the role of race/ethnicity in the receipt of opioid agonists while in the ED. All ED visits with patients aged 11–21 years old were analyzed. …

A Comprehensive Look Into The Rates Of Obesity In African American And White 6-11-Year-Old Children Relating To Their Socioeconomic Status And Caloric Intake From Fast Food, Sophia Lafrance

Honors College

Obesity levels in adults and children in the United States and around the world have been closely monitored for years. Research in the field of obesity has demonstrated a clear understanding that with increased calorie consumption compared to calories expended, an overall weight gain will occur. Through a collection of cited resources about the factors that affect obesity, a research problem arose considering what is accounting for the increase in calories in groups of children with high rates of obesity. Socioeconomic status has a major influence on the environment that children are raised in, and this factor can affect both …

Sociodemographic And Economic Factors In Outcomes Of Tube Shunts For Neovascular Glaucoma, Wesam S Shalaby, Amirmohsen Arbabi, Jonathan S Myers, Marlene R Moster, Reza Razeghinejad, L Jay Katz, Aakriti G Shukla

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Importance: Few studies have analyzed associations between sociodemographic factors and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) outcomes.

Aim and background: To determine the potential impact of sociodemographic and economic factors on the NVG tube shunt surgery outcomes.

Design: Retrospective, single-center, comparative case series.

Participants: Consecutive patients who underwent tube shunt surgery for NVG and had ≥6 months of follow-up.

Materials and methods: Regional average adjusted gross income (AGI) was determined by cross-referencing self-reported residential zip codes with average AGI per zip code supplied by the Internal Revenue Service. Two groups were created: (1) lower-income: individuals from neighborhoods with the lowest 10% of AGI …

Ethnic And Racial Disparities In Covid-19 Infections In The United States������ ��� ������ ����������� �� �������� ���������� �� ��� ������ ��, Seraphina Negash

Senior Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

Critical Data Literacy: Addressing Race As A Variable In A Preclinical Medical Education Session, Stacy Brody, Susan Koenig

Himmelfarb Library Faculty Posters and Presentations

At the Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library, librarians conduct instruction sessions on various aspects of evidencebased medicine for first- and second-year medical students. One of these sessions, the Chest Pain Formative Observed Simulated Clinical Experience (FOSCE), introduces the Framingham Study, later cohort studies, and the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Risk Calculator to first-year medical students. This calculator includes race as an input and over or underestimates risk for certain groups. This session previously mentioned the need to diversify study populations and described the evolution of the algorithm, but it did not highlight these as critical issues for discussion. Beyond noting this …

Association Of Race With Lung Cancer Risk Among Adults Undergoing Lung Cancer Screening., Christine S Shusted, Nathaniel R Evans, Hee-Soon Juon, Gregory C Kane, Julie A Barta

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.