Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Physical Activity On Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Scoping Review., Amy L Shaver, Swapnil Sharma, Nikita Nikita, Daniel S Lefler, Atrayee Basu-Mallick, Jennifer M Johnson, Meghan Butryn, Grace Lu-Yao

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Cancer therapies are associated with multiple adverse effects, including (but not limited to) cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Fatigue is one of the most common side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), occurring in up to 25% of patients. Physical activity has been shown to help reduce CRF through modulating the immune system, and may synergistically aid in the anti-tumor effects of ICIs. This review describes the nature and scope of evidence for the effects associated with concurrent physical activity while undergoing ICI therapy.

METHOD: Scoping review methodology was utilized to identify studies, extract data, and collate and summarize results.

RESULTS: …

The Effects Of Physical Activity On Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Scoping Review, Amy L Shaver, Swapnil Sharma, Nikita Nikita, Daniel S Lefler, Atrayee Basu Mallick, Jennifer Johnson, Meghan Butryn, Grace Lu-Yao

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Background: Cancer therapies are associated with multiple adverse effects, including (but not limited to) cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Fatigue is one of the most common side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), occurring in up to 25% of patients. Physical activity has been shown to help reduce CRF through modulating the immune system, and may synergistically aid in the anti-tumor effects of ICIs. This review describes the nature and scope of evidence for the effects associated with concurrent physical activity while undergoing ICI therapy.

Method: Scoping review methodology was utilized to identify studies, extract data, and collate and summarize results.

Results: …

Osteopathic Treatments For Soft Tissue, Joint, And Head-Related Pain, Emerson K. Linsley

Honors Projects

The article examines how osteopathic manipulations can help in the treatment or management of pain associated with soft tissue, joint, and head-related injury or disease.

Paravertebral Blocks In The Adult Thoracic Surgical Patient Enhancing Knowledge For The Anesthesia Provider, Daniel D. Orozco, Ann Miller Dnp, Crna, Aprn

Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing Student Projects

ABSTRACT

Background: Thoracic Epidural Analgesia (TEA) is currently the gold standard analgesia in adult thoracic surgical patients. TEA has medical complications like sepsis, neurological injury, spinal hematoma, and dural puncture. TEA is also contraindicated for patients with existing neurological or hematological comorbidities including patients under antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy. These factors not only reduce the scope of administering TEA but also increase the risks of hemodynamic instability like hypotension and bradycardia. PVB can decrease medical complications, side effects, and increase patient satisfaction.

Aim: This quality improvement project aims to compare if PVB is more effective than TEA in terms of …

Exercise And Nutrition Impact On Osteoporosis And Sarcopenia—The Incidence Of Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review, Sousana K. Papadopoulou, Konstantinos Papadimitriou, Gavriela Voulgaridou, Evridiki Georgaki, Eudoxia Tsotidou, Olga Zantidou, Dimitrios Papandreou

All Works

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are diseases which affect the myoskeletal system and often occur in older adults. They are characterized by low bone density and loss of muscle mass and strength, factors which reduce the quality of life and mobility. Recently, apart from pharmaceutical interventions, many studies have focused on non-pharmaceutical approaches for the prevention of osteoporosis and sarcopenia with exercise and nutrition to being the most important and well studied of those. The purpose of the current narrative review is to describe the role of exercise and nutrition on prevention of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older adults and to define …

“Coronavirus Changed The Rules On Everything”: Parent Perspectives On How The Covid‐19 Pandemic Influenced Family Routines, Relationships And Technology Use In Families With Infants, Rebecca Hood, Juliana Zabatiero, Desiree Silva, Stephen R. Zubrick, Leon Straker

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study explores how the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic influenced family routines, relationships and technology use (smartphones and tablet computers) among families with infants. Infancy is known to be an important period for attachment security and future child development, and a time of being susceptible to changes within and outside of the family unit. A qualitative design using convenience sampling was employed. A total of 30 mothers in Perth, Western Australia participated in semi‐structured interviews by audio or video call. All mothers were parents of infants aged 9 to 15 months old. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed, and …

Strocss 2021: Strengthening The Reporting Of Cohort, Cross-Sectional And Case-Control Studies In Surgery, Ginimol Mathew, Riaz Agha, Strocss Group, Joerg Albrecht, Prabudh Goel, Indraneil Mukherjee, Prathamesh Pai, Anil K. D'Cruz, Ather Enam, Hammad Ather

Section of Neurosurgery

Introduction: Strengthening The Reporting Of Cohort Studies in Surgery (STROCSS) guidelines were developed in 2017 in order to improve the reporting quality of observational studies in surgery and updated in 2019. In order to maintain relevance and continue upholding good reporting quality among observational studies in surgery, we aimed to update STROCSS 2019 guidelines.
Methods: A STROCSS 2021 steering group was formed to come up with proposals to update STROCSS 2019 guidelines. An expert panel of researchers assessed these proposals and judged whether they should become part of STROCSS 2021 guidelines or not, through a Delphi consensus exercise.
Results: 42 …

Evidence-Based Change Benchmark: Implementing Intervention Strategies Aimed At Reducing Patient Falls, Victoria Nix

MSN Capstone Projects

This paper provides an overview of an evidence-based change project that arose from the following PICOT: In patients at risk for falls [P], how does implementing fall risk prevention [I] compared to no fall risk prevention [C] affect fall rates [O] within 3 months of implementation [T]? A comprehensive review of primary sources dealing in clinical studies was found to support the case that fall prevention measures, specifically patient-specific bedside tools, have shown to be instrumental in reducing patient falls. The development and implementation of a robust Fall Prevention Program designed around the latest research was the goal; however, the …

Insights Into The Complexity Of Presentation And Management Of Patients: The Sport And Exercise Physician’S Perspective, Prasanna J. Gamage, Saran Seker, Jessica Orchard, David Humphries, Kylie Fitzgerald, Jane Fitzpatrick

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objectives:

Sport and Exercise Physicians represent a relatively new specialty focusing on exercise in complex diseases including musculoskeletal diseases. Our objective was to describe the characteristics, type and complexity of patient presentations, their management strategies and referral information in Australian practice.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study including a cohort of 11 senior Sport and Exercise Physicians in Australia studied all new patient consultations within an 8-week period. Data were analysed relating to presentation, referral source, follow-up referrals, and patient management strategies.

Results:

Data from 419 patients were recorded. The majority, 97% (n=406), had musculoskeletal conditions, 53% (n=222) had one or more …

Stimulating The Facial Nerve To Treat Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review, Turner S. Baker, Justin Robeny, Danna Cruz, Alexis Bruhat, Alfred-Marc Iloreta, Anthony Costa, Thomas James Oxley

Publications and Research

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a common devastating disease that has increased yearly in absolute number of cases since 1990. While mechanical thrombectomy and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) have proven to be effective treatments, their window-of-efficacy time is very short, leaving many patients with no viable treatment option. Over recent years there has been a growing interest in stimulating the facial nerves or ganglions to treat AIS. Pre-clinical studies have consistently demonstrated an increase in collateral blood flow (CBF) following ganglion stimulation, with positive indications in infarct size and neurological scores. Extensive human trials have focused on trans-oral electrical stimulation …

Health Concerns Of Adolescents And Adults With Spina Bifida, Jessica Starowicz, Caitlin Cassidy, Laura Brunton

Paediatrics Publications

Due to advancements in medical care, people with spina bifida (SB) are surviving well into adulthood, resulting in a growing number of patients transitioning to an adult sector unequipped to care for people with chronic rehabilitative and medical needs. The Transitional and Lifelong Care (TLC) program is a multidisciplinary clinical service that compensates for this gap, providing comprehensive, coordinated care to adolescents, and adults with SB. As a relatively new clinical service, objective data about the patients using the service and their needs is scant. This study sought to identify the most common health concerns among TLC patients with SB …

Extra-Articular Arthroscopic Release Of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Prospective Study, Njalalle Baraza, Mark P. Robinson, Nanda Kumar Sakaleshpura Chandrashekar, Jessica A. Perry, William D. Regan

General Surgery, East Africa

Background: Operative management of lateral epicondylitis can be managed with percutaneous, arthroscopic, or open surgical release. Extraarticular arthroscopic release is a new technique, and no study has compared its outcomes and risk profile.

Methods: A 26-patient cohort was reviewed before and after extraarticular arthroscopic release, which was performed by the senior author. The Mayo Elbow Performance Scores were used as a functional outcome score and obtained via a phone interview. Results were analyzed using a paired t-test with a statistical significance set at P < .05.

Results: Of the 26 patients, 10 were being treated under workers compensation. Preoperative Mayo Elbow Performance …

Higher Habitual Flavonoid Intakes Are Associated With A Lower Incidence Of Diabetes, Nicola P. Bondonno, Frederik Dalgaard, Kevin Murray, Raymond J. Davey, Catherine P. Bondonno, Aedin Cassidy, Joshua R. Lewis, Cecilie Kyrø, Gunnar Gislason, Augustin Scalbert, Anne Tjønneland, Jonathan M. Hodgson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:

Higher flavonoid intakes are hypothesized to confer protection against type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives:

We aimed to 1) investigate associations between flavonoid intakes and diabetes, 2) examine the mediating impact of body fat, and 3) identify subpopulations that may receive the greatest benefit from higher flavonoid intakes in participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study followed up for 23 y.

Methods:

Cross-sectional associations between baseline flavonoid intake, estimated using FFQs and the Phenol Explorer database, and body fat, estimated by bioelectrical impedance, were assessed using multivariable-Adjusted linear regression models. Nonlinear associations between flavonoid intake and incident diabetes …

Up And Moving: An Integrative Review Evaluating Early Mobility In The Intensive Care Unit, Rachel Huffman

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Existing literature has highlighted the benefits of early mobility of patients in intensive care units. This integrative review (IR) sought to determine the best methods of early mobility intervention implementation. The search process utilized databases relevant to the selected topic, and the flow of information abstracted from the search process was placed into a PRISMA flow diagram. Additionally, review software was used to manage the collected data, ensuring that the search was documented with precision. To appraise the literature, a matrix was developed. The literature revealed that early mobility programs, protocols, and algorithms were guiding themes noted throughout this IR, …

Functional Reach Test, Single-Leg Stance Test, And Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment For The Prediction Of Falls In Older Adults: A Systematic Review, Humberto Omaña, Kari Bezaire, Kyla Brady, Jayme Davies, Nancy Louwagie, Sean Power, Sydney Santin, Susan W. Hunter

Physical Therapy Publications

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to systematically review the existing literature on the falls-related diagnostic test properties of the Functional Reach Test (FRT), single-leg stance test (SLST), and Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) in older adults across settings and patient populations.

METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases were searched (inception-July 2020). Inclusion criteria were participants aged 60 years or more, prospectively recorded falls, and the reporting of falls-related predictive validity. Manuscripts not published in English were excluded. Methodological quality of reporting was assessed using the Tooth Scale.

RESULTS: Of 1071 studies reviewed, 21 met the inclusion criteria (12 POMA, 8 …

Assessing The Need For And Access To Migrant-Sensitive Rehabilitative Healthcare: An Analysis Of Current Swiss And German Practices, Lauren Cuppy

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In recent years, the noticeable increase in migration has placed scrutiny on the migrant-sensitive services provided in healthcare settings globally. Migrants, in general, experience different health issues and worse health outcomes than non-migrants. In response to this, healthcare systems around the world have begun implementing migrant-sensitive healthcare (MSHC) systems; yet, although nearly a third of the world’s population experiences some health condition that would benefit from rehabilitation, the implementation of MSHC rehabilitation services have been critically understudied. This paper seeks to investigate the geographic and MSHC accessibility of rehabilitation in Geneva, Switzerland to fill the current gap of literature and …

Reporting Of Harm In Randomized Controlled Trials Of Therapeutic Exercise For Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review, Johan Von Heideken, Sana Chowdhry, Joanna Borg, Khara James, Maura D. Iversen

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Objective: The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) recommends reporting adverse events (AEs) and dropouts (DOs) with their definitions. The purpose of this study was to identify how AEs and DOs were reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of therapeutic exercise for knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Data sources were the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PUBMED, and CINAHL. Databases were searched to identify RCTs of therapeutic exercise for Knee OA published from January 1, 1980, through July 23, 2020. Researchers independently extracted participant and intervention characteristics and determined whether a clear statement of and reasons for AEs and DOs existed. The primary …

The Use Of Video Monitoring To Decrease Falls, Marie Elizabeth Mo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Fall prevention is a constant challenge for inpatient nursing staff. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate that falls in hospitalized patients will decrease with the initiation of video monitoring. A fall while in the hospital can lead to increased length of stay, increased cost to the organization, lack of reimbursement from Medicare, and the worst outcome is the patient never returning to baseline. Nursing staff struggle with fall prevention daily and are often unsuccessful. One to one sitters are often utilized as a fall prevention measure; this can be draining to hospital resources. Identified best practices of one-to-one …

Disability And Healthcare Access In Morocco: Social And Cultural Influences, Christa Shipman

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

I stepped into the SIT Multiculturalism and Human Rights program as a pre-physical therapy student with experience working and volunteering in the disability rights arena. Striking personal encounters with Moroccans combined with these past experiences drew me to investigate how social and cultural factors influence access to healthcare for people with disabilities. I hypothesized that access to medical care is limited by social or cultural mindsets, perceptions, or beliefs for those in my target population. This subject is relevant to Morocco as a developing country and as a society with, in some cases, fixed social dynamics, while in other areas …

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound: New Concepts And Future Trends, Yaoting Wang, Huihui Chai, Ruizhong Ye, Jingzhi Li, Ji-Bin Liu, Chen Lin, Chengzhong Peng

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Ultrasound (US) technology, with major advances and new developments, has become an essential and first-line imaging modality for clinical diagnosis and interventional treatment. US imaging has evolved from one-dimensional, twodimensional to three-dimensional display, and from static to real-time imaging, as well as from structural to functional imaging. Based on its portability and advanced digital imaging technique, US was first adopted by emergency medicine in the 1980s and gradually gained popularity among other specialists for clinical diagnosis and interventional treatment. Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) was then proposed as a new concept and developed for new uses, which greatly extended clinical US applications. …

Are Family Medicine Residents Trained To Counsel Patients On Physical Activity? The Canadian Experience And A Call To Action., Jane Thornton, Karim Khan, Richard Weiler, Christopher Mackie, Robert Petrella

Family Medicine Publications

Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and early mortality. Family physicians have an important role in providing physical activity counselling to patients to help prevent and treat NCDs. Lack of training on physical activity counselling is a barrier in undergraduate medical education, yet little is known regarding physical activity teaching in postgraduate family medicine residency. We assessed the provision, content and future direction of physical activity teaching in Canadian postgraduate family medicine residency programs to address this data gap. Fewer than half of Canadian Family Medicine Residency Programme directors reported providing structured physical activity counselling …

Environmental Scan Of Primary Care Needs In The Last Decade (2010-2020), Ravninder Bahniwal

Family Medicine Publications

No abstract provided.

Identifying The Content And Context Of Pain Within Paediatric Rheumatology Healthcare Professional Curricula In The Uk: A Summative Content Analysis., Rebecca Rachael Lee, Janet E. Mcdonagh, Mark Connelly, Sarah Peters, Lis Cordingley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The curriculum for professionals working in paediatric rheumatology should include pain but it is unclear to what extent this currently occurs. The aim of this study was to identify pain-related curriculum content and the context in which pain is presented in educational and training documentation for healthcare professionals in this clinical speciality.

METHODS: Core curricula documents from UK based professional organisations were identified in partnership with healthcare professionals. Documents were analysed using a summative content analysis approach. Key pain terms were quantified and weighted frequencies were used to explore narrative pain themes. Latent content was interpreted qualitatively to explore …

The Impact Of A Community Based Rehabilitation Program In Afghanistan: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching And Difference In Difference Analysis, Jean-Francois Trani, Juanita Vasquez-Escallon, Parul Bakhshi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The 2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities states that the achievement of equal rights, empowerment and social inclusion of people with disabilities requires comprehensive rehabilitation services encompassing all components of the World Health Organization Community based rehabilitation (CBR) matrix: health, education, livelihood, social and empowerment. CBR programs specifically aim to deliver such comprehensive interventions. In the present study, we investigate the impact of a CBR program in Afghanistan on all these components.

METHODS: We enrolled 1861 newly recruited CBR participants with disabilities in the study, from 169 villages between July 2012 and December 2013 …

Treatment Of Thoracolumbar Type A3 Fractures Using A Percutaneous Intravertebral Expandable Titanium Implant: Long-Term Follow-Up Results Of A Pilot Single Center Study., David C Noriega, Jesus Crespo-Sanjuan, Wayne J. Olan, Ruben Hernandez-Ramajo, Douglas P Bell, J Javier Castrodeza Sanz, Gregorio De Jesus Labrador Hernandez, Israel Sanchez-Lite, Francisco Ardura

Neurological Surgery Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: There are controversies about the optimal management of AO subtype A3 burst fractures. The most common surgical treatment consists of posterior fixation with pedicle screw and rod augmentation. Nevertheless, a loss of correction in height restoration and kyphotic reduction has been observed.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess long-term outcomes of a minimally invasive technique using a percutaneous intravertebral expandable titanium implant (PIETI).

STUDY DESIGN: This prospective, single center, pilot study was carried out on a consecutive case series of 44 patients with acute (< 2 weeks) traumatic thoracolumbar fractures AO type A3. The average follow-up was 5.6 years.

SETTING: A single center in Castilla y Leon, SpainMETHODS: Clinical outcomes …

Interprofessional Inconsistencies In The Diagnosis Of Shoulder Instability: Survey Results Of Physicians And Rehabilitation Providers, Constantine P. Nicolozakes, Xinning Li, Timothy L. Uhl, Guido Marra, Nitin B. Jain, Eric J. Perreault, Amee L. Seitz

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Clinicians of many specialties within sports medicine care for athletes with shoulder instability, but successful outcomes are inconsistent. Consistency across specialties in the diagnosis of shoulder instability is critical for care of the athlete, yet the extent of divergence in its diagnosis is unknown.

Hypothesis: Physicians differ from rehabilitation providers in which findings they deem clinically important to differentiate shoulder instability from impingement, and in how they diagnose athlete scenarios with atraumatic shoulder instability.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Physicians (orthopaedic surgeons, primary care sports medicine physicians) and rehabilitation providers (physical therapists, athletic trainers) were asked via an online …

Factors Associated With Mortality Among Hospitalized Adults With Covid-19 Pneumonia At A Private Tertiary Hospital In Tanzania: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Nadeem Kassam, Eric Aghan, Omar Aziz, Hanifa Mbithe, Kamran Hamid, Reena Shah, Salim Surani, James Orwa, Samina Somji

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused millions of deaths worldwide. There has been paucity of data for hospitalized African patients suffering from COVID-19. This study aimed to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients suffering from COVID-19 in Tanzania.

Methods: This was a single center, retrospective, observational cohort study in adult patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Demographics, clinical pattern, laboratory and radiological investigations associated with increased odds of mortality were analyzed.

Results: Of the 157 patients, 107 (68.1%) patients survived and 50 (31.8%) died. Mortality was highest in patients …

A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis On The Efficacy Of Stem Cell Therapy On Bone Brittleness In Mouse Models Of Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Lauren Battle, Shoshana Yakar, Alessandra Carriero

Publications and Research

There is no cure for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), and current treatments can only partially correct the bone phenotype. Stem cell therapy holds potential to improve bone quality and quantity in OI. Here, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to investigate the efficacy of stem cell therapy to rescue bone brittleness in mouse models of OI. Identified studies included bone marrow, mesenchymal stem cells, and human fetal stem cells. Effect size of fracture incidence, maximum load, stiffness, cortical thickness, bone volume fraction, and raw engraftment rates were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. Cell type, cell number, injection …

Covid-19 And Mental Well-Being Of Nurses In A Tertiary Facility In Kenya, Sayed Karar, Jasmit Shah, Zohray Talib

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a global health emergency which has been shown to pose a great challenge to mental health, well-being and resilience of healthcare workers, especially nurses. Little is known on the impact of COVID-19 among nurses in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out between August and November 2020 among nurses recruited from the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. The survey questionnaire consisted of six components- demographic and work title characteristics, information regarding care of COVID-19 patients, symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, distress and burnout, measured using standardized questionnaires. Multivariable logistic …

The Development Of Lived Experience-Centered Word Clouds To Support Research Uncertainty Gathering In Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Results From An Engagement Process And Protocol For Their Evaluation, Via A Nested Randomized Controlled Trial, Benjamin M Davies, Oliver D Mowforth, Danyal Z Khan, Xiaoyu Yang, Sybil R L Stacpoole, Olesja Hazenbiller, Toto Gronlund, Lindsay Tetreault, Sukhvinder Kalsi-Ryan, Michelle L Starkey, Iwan Sadler, Ellen Sarewitz, Delphine Houlton, Julia Carter, Evangeline Howard, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, James D Guest, Bizhan Aarabi, Brian K Kwon, Shekar N Kurpad, James Harrop, Jefferson R Wilson, Robert Grossman, Emma K Smith, Angus G K Mcnair, Michael G Fehlings, Mark R N Kotter

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: AO Spine REsearch objectives and Common Data Elements for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [RECODE-DCM] is a multi-stakeholder consensus process aiming to promote research efficiency in DCM. It aims to establish the top 10 research uncertainties, through a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership [PSP]. Through a consensus process, research questions are generated and ranked. The inclusion of people with cervical myelopathy [PwCM] is central to the process. We hypothesized that presenting PwCM experience through word cloud generation would stimulate other key stakeholders to generate research questions better aligned with PwCM needs. This protocol outlines our plans to evaluate this as …