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- Cancer (4)
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- Cell differentiation (1)
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- Drug-resistant epilepsy; ketogenic diet (1)
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy (1)
- Epilepsy (1)
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- Melatonin (1)
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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Should Genetic Testing Be Recommended For Long Qt Syndrome Patients And Their Relatives?, Menachem Braun
Should Genetic Testing Be Recommended For Long Qt Syndrome Patients And Their Relatives?, Menachem Braun
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
No abstract provided.
Is Gene Therapy A Viable Option For Cancer Treatment?, Aliza Applebaum
Is Gene Therapy A Viable Option For Cancer Treatment?, Aliza Applebaum
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The use of gene therapy as a medical treatment option was first introduced to the world in 1990, when a four-year-old girl became its first patient. Since then gene therapy has met great success but also severe drawback. Incidences with severely negative outcomes on patients gave gene therapy a bad name and many began skeptical towards its use, but the constant work and progress on the safety and effectiveness of gene therapy is making it a more viable route of treatment. This paper focuses on gene therapy as a form of cancer treatment. Viral insertion of the modified genetic material …
Crispr/Cas9 As A Therapeutic Approach To Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Abraham Daniel Levitman
Crispr/Cas9 As A Therapeutic Approach To Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Abraham Daniel Levitman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Transhumanism, designer babies, gene therapy, and super-soldiers are founded upon the same concept—genetic engineering. Clustered Regularly-Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is a natural bacterial immune response method that takes advantage of gene manipulation to prevent an infection from mobile genetic elements. Since Mojica et al. (2005) first suggested the relationship between the CRISPR/Cas system and prokaryotic immunity, significant advancements have been made in understanding the mechanism and subsequent applications of CRISPR. CRISPR, has three main subtypes based on unique proteins and interference pathways and serves as an accurate and effective method for gene editing. Its mechanism consists of spacer acquisition, …
Human Stem Cells: Is It Possible To Limit Pluripotent Human Stem Cells To Differentiate Into Specific Tissue Or Organ?, Chaya Korf
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
It would seem that differentiation of stem cells is the remedy of modern times. Yet stem cell research is more complex that the public may recognize and is still in the developmental stage. Recent breakthroughs show promise; various guidelines provide structure to this growing field but it is not ready for gross public application. The objective of this paper is to research various different methods of stem cell production and application. Methods included reviewing articles and studies to evaluate the process in production of affective stem cells. There are many therapies that illustrate this research. Upon completing and explaining this …
Epigenetics As A Cure For Cancer, Sara Rivka Margolis
Epigenetics As A Cure For Cancer, Sara Rivka Margolis
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Epigenetics is an emerging research topic that is being tested as a potential cure for cancer. Epigenetics is a non-genetic influence that shapes the phenotype. Epigenetics effects gene expression, but does not cause any changes in the DNA. DNA methylation patterns is one such epigenetic change in the cell that has huge potential for cancer treatment. Scientists have observed that many cancerous genes express signs of either hypermethylation or hypomethylation. The key for the treatment is that epigenetic changes are reversible, which opens the door to potential drugs to cure cancer and other diseases.
Mechanisms, Potential Therapies, And The Role Of Tgf-Β In The Formation Of Scars, Isaac Traube
Mechanisms, Potential Therapies, And The Role Of Tgf-Β In The Formation Of Scars, Isaac Traube
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Scarring is the inevitable outcome of wound healing. This review looks at some of the underlying mechanisms of this complex process with the aim of identifying targets for therapeutic manipulation that could result in reduced scarring or even scarless wound repair. Fetal wounds are shown to heal without scars primarily due to low levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 and high levels of TGF-β3 as compared to adult wounds which heal with scars. Abnormal excessive scarring in keloid and hypertrophic scars are also attributed to TGF-β. Clinical manipulation of TGF-β ratios showed promise as a therapeutic means of controlling scar formation. …
Transposon Based Gene Therapy As A Treatment For Cancer, Jacob Stauber
Transposon Based Gene Therapy As A Treatment For Cancer, Jacob Stauber
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Gene therapy is the use of genes to treat or prevent diseases. Diseases such as cancer, which are difficult to treat using conventional methods, can be treated using gene therapy. The transport of the therapeutic transgene can be accomplished using viral or non-viral methods. However, widespread use of viral vectors is limited due to its high cost of manufacture and safety concern. Non-viral vectors are limited in their effectiveness. The use of transposons such as the Sleeping Beauty transposon system can effectively deliver the transgene with less concern than viral vectors. This review discusses the various vectors and treatment strategies …
Viability Of Sirna As A Clinical Treatment, Zev Blumenkranz
Viability Of Sirna As A Clinical Treatment, Zev Blumenkranz
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The purpose of this paper is to better understand the methods problems and some solutions for siRNA treatments. The benefits of this novel medical treatment are explored and its benefits are expounded on by comparing it to other more complex and futuristic treatments. The exact process of siRNA silencing and down regulation is unknown. Some hypotheses of how it may work are discussed giving precedence to the most widely accepted hypothesis. Although siRNA treatments are not yet used on a major scale for many diseases, different possible treatment options are compared and explained. Particular care was taken to give a …
Parp Inhibition: A Method Of Treating And Preventing Certain Cancers, Chana Tropper
Parp Inhibition: A Method Of Treating And Preventing Certain Cancers, Chana Tropper
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Breast cancer is one of the largest causes of cancer related deaths in women. Less than 5% of breast cancer cases are genetically inherited and most often develop after menopause. The BRCA gene mutation is a genetic inheritance which increases ones chances of developing breast cancer at a young age tenfold. Recent research has proposed a method of treatment in genetically inherited breast cancers by taking advantage of the impaired DNA repair pathway caused by the BRCA mutation. The combination of a BRCA mutation, which leads to deficient double strand DNA repair, and PARP inhibition, which leads to deficient single …
Immunotherapy As A Treatment Option For Patients With Pancreatic Cancer, Yehuda Lehrfield
Immunotherapy As A Treatment Option For Patients With Pancreatic Cancer, Yehuda Lehrfield
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Pancreatic cancer is one of the worst forms of cancer that can develop in an individual. Traditionally, chemotherapy is administered but it has very limited success. Using the immune system to treat the cancer is very enticing and many studies have been conducted to attempt to harness the body’s own mechanisms to defeat the cancer. It seems that in order to properly treat the tumor a two pronged approach must be used. First, the immune system must be stimulated to react to the tumor and attack it. A possible cytokine that can be utilized is interferon alpha, which could result …
Neural Plasticity Following Ischemia, Shira Brickman
Neural Plasticity Following Ischemia, Shira Brickman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Neural plasticity refers to the ability of one’s brain to change its structure and/or function in response to changes in behavior, environment, and neural processes. When a person suffers an ischemic brain injury, it often leads to hemisyndrome with motor and sensory deficits in the arm, leg, and face of one side. This article discusses the various ways that the existing network can be restructured and neuronal connections can be remodeled after the injury to enable partial or complete recovery of motor function. Spontaneous functional recovery after stroke develops through the overlapping sequence of events including a phase of axonal …
The Grapefruit Juice Effect, Rebecca Leitner
The Grapefruit Juice Effect, Rebecca Leitner
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
A drug interaction is the effect that a substance can have when taken together with a drug. Grapefruit juice has proven to be a source of interaction with many drugs, causing increased bioavailability, leading to possible toxicity and increased instances of side effects. This paper discusses the mechanisms of the interaction and the components of grapefruit juice responsible for the interaction, as well as two classes of drugs that are affected, calcium channel antagonists and HMGCoA reductase inhibitors, and possible ways to avoid the interaction. The mechanisms are inhibition of the enzyme cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and the transport molecule …
Similarities Between Corticosteroids, M. Einhorn
Similarities Between Corticosteroids, M. Einhorn
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Corticosteroids are a class of potent drugs with important physiological effects on the body. Regular use is linked with common and serious side effects. This paper uses studies to analyze the similarities between various corticosteroids. All drugs in this class are molecules that contain the same steroid backbone and are therefore associated with the same cellular receptor. This results in a comparable mechanism and parallel overall effect in the body. Side effects of corticosteroids are analogous as well. Using the knowledge of physiological changes in the body due to corticosteroids will allow healthcare providers to determine the most effective corticosteroid …
Is There An Alternative Way Of Treating Drug Resistant Epilepsy? The Effects Of The Ketogenic Diet In Children With Intractable Epilepsy, Chaya M. Weinberg
Is There An Alternative Way Of Treating Drug Resistant Epilepsy? The Effects Of The Ketogenic Diet In Children With Intractable Epilepsy, Chaya M. Weinberg
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Many children with epilepsy experience seizures that cannot be resolved with medication. Since surgical intervention is not always an option, the ketogenic diet (KD). a high fat, low carbohydrate and protein diet, offers a chance for seizure reduction and in some cases freedom from seizures and medication. Side effects do exist, although none are serious. Efficacy has been proven through many studies. The mechanism of the KD's effectiveness is still unknown, although several hypotheses exist, including the theory that ketone bodies themselves are anticonvulsant, and the hypothesis that glucose restriction stops seizures. Adenosine A1 receptors are also thought to have …
Microparticle Function, Leorra Kohen
Microparticle Function, Leorra Kohen
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Microparticles are emerging as an integral part of the vascular system. The microparticles are derived from stimulated or apoptotic endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes. They are involved in coagulation and regular cell function. Excessive numbers of microparticles contribute to artherosclerosis, chronic renal failure, and metabolic syndrome. Microparticle levels may be reduced by medications, relieving symptoms for awhile. Studies are being done to predict disease by counting microparticles. Further research must be done to understand and make use of microparticles.
Do Photoperiodic Changes In Melatonin Secretion Detrimentally Affect The Female Reproductive Cycle?, Riki Szlafrok
Do Photoperiodic Changes In Melatonin Secretion Detrimentally Affect The Female Reproductive Cycle?, Riki Szlafrok
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Melatonin, better known as "the hormone of darkness," is secreted by the pineal gland during the night and helps us fall asleep. Because its internal regulation depends on light, melatonin is part of chronobiology, the study of biological mechanisms and their adaptations to lunar and solar related rhythms (Klein et al. 1991). Therefore, photoperiod changes greatly impact melatonin concentration, influencing changes in neuronal and hormonal mechanisms of the photo neuro-endocrine systems, namely reproduction. Research has shown that a disruption in the circadian rhythm of melatonin due to photoperiod changes detrimentally affects the rhythmic function of the female reproductive cycle. Research …
Is Laughter The Best Medicine? An Evaluation Of The Physiological Effects Of Laughter, Annette Dalezman
Is Laughter The Best Medicine? An Evaluation Of The Physiological Effects Of Laughter, Annette Dalezman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Laughter directly affects one’s physiology. Laughter causes various muscle contractions which, in turn, affect body systems. Specifically, the cardiovascular, immune, and respiratory systems are impacted by laughter. Stress levels and pain tolerance thresholds are also directly impacted by laughter. Research has been done on the effects of laughter in patients with cancer, dementia, and atopic dermatitis. Based on the review of multiple experiments, a direct correlation between laughter and multiple body systems and diseases seems to exist.
Genetically Modified T-Cells Expressing Chimeric Antigen Receptors In The Treatment Of Cancer, Efrat Bruck
Genetically Modified T-Cells Expressing Chimeric Antigen Receptors In The Treatment Of Cancer, Efrat Bruck
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Dr. Carl June and his colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania have succeeded in treating patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia using gene therapy. Two of the three patients treated sustained a complete remission and one a partial remission. The procedure involved transducing the patients’ T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors which target a particular protein found on both healthy and cancerous B cells. Following infusion of the newly transduced T cells, each patient developed clinical symptoms associated with an intense immune response. Shortly thereafter, tumors were completely eliminated in two of the patients and partially eliminated in the third. …
Epigenetics: A Possible Mechanism Of Memory, Aliza Grossman Rubenstein
Epigenetics: A Possible Mechanism Of Memory, Aliza Grossman Rubenstein
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The following is an excerpt from the introduction to this article: The mind-body connection has fascinated philosophers and scientists for centuries. How is it possible that consciousness arises from a lump of matter known as the brain? How does neurons’ firing affect choice and beliefs? How do the electrochemical properties of the brain allow for the memory of events long after they’ve occurred? One of the most studied of these areas is that of memory. Researchers seek to understand the biological basis behind memory and how that biology is affected in individuals suffering from memory disorders.
Modified-Release Drugs, Chedva Farkas
Modified-Release Drugs, Chedva Farkas
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The following is an excerpt from the introduction to this article: Ever since the discovery of bacteria and their role in the disease process in the mid-1800s, scientists have been heavily involved in the discovery and development of drug therapies and their mechanism of action in the human body. Shortly after the initial discovery came the era of drug discovery of the late 1800s-early 1900s, also known as the “drug revolution” (Dash and Cudworth 1998). Although the drug revolution led to the rapid discovery of many new drugs, pharmacological factors such as dosage forms, drug delivery systems, plasma drug levels, …
Epigenetics As An Explanation For Phenotypic Variation In Monozygotic Twins, Marina Pomerantseva
Epigenetics As An Explanation For Phenotypic Variation In Monozygotic Twins, Marina Pomerantseva
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The following is the introduction of this article: Researchers often use twins as natural samples to test hypotheses regarding the contribution of genetic factors to different phenotypes, especially diseases. The classical method is comparing traits in identical, or monozygotic (MZ) twins to those of dizygotic (DZ) twins. This method has had a significant impact on our current understanding of etiologic factors in many diseases which do not follow simple Mendelian law (i.e. complex diseases), including schizophrenia, bipolar disease, and major depression.
Role Of Genetics In Prediction Of Coronary Artery Disease, Andrey Yuabov
Role Of Genetics In Prediction Of Coronary Artery Disease, Andrey Yuabov
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The following is the introduction of this article: Coronary arteries disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in United States and rest of the world. It mostly involves atherogenic formation within the walls of the coronary arteries, which in turn restricts the adequate perfusion to the heart muscle. This leads to myocardial infarction and sudden death. In the past few decades the theories of coronary arteries disease pathogenesis have changed. The facts reveal that the onset of the disease can develop as early as childhood. The degree of the disease gradually progresses in stages and it is regarded as …