Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Nursing (2607)
- Public Health (2131)
- Public Health Education and Promotion (1504)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (816)
- Health and Medical Administration (734)
-
- Epidemiology (581)
- Education (412)
- Mental and Social Health (395)
- Psychiatric and Mental Health (388)
- Psychology (346)
- Business (253)
- Arts and Humanities (231)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (154)
- Sociology (149)
- Public Policy (120)
- Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies (119)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (117)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (113)
- Rehabilitation and Therapy (113)
- Life Sciences (100)
- African American Studies (98)
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (98)
- Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling (89)
- Medical Specialties (88)
- Organizational Behavior and Theory (84)
- Social Work (76)
- Business Administration, Management, and Operations (75)
- Family, Life Course, and Society (73)
- Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods (73)
- Keyword
-
- Nursing (205)
- Education (130)
- Obesity (119)
- Diabetes (108)
- Leadership (85)
-
- Depression (79)
- African American (72)
- Healthcare (66)
- Mental Health (65)
- Retention (55)
- Burnout (54)
- Mental health (53)
- Stress (51)
- HIV (50)
- Health (47)
- Communication (46)
- Adolescents (45)
- Women (44)
- Nursing education (43)
- African Americans (42)
- Prevention (40)
- Management (38)
- Barriers (36)
- Knowledge (35)
- Nurse (35)
- Nurses (35)
- COVID-19 (33)
- Nigeria (33)
- Epidemiology (32)
- Hypertension (32)
Articles 2581 - 2610 of 5875
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Women’S Perception Of Preeclampsia And Antenatal Care Attendance In Northwestern Nigeria, Aisha Nana Adamu
Women’S Perception Of Preeclampsia And Antenatal Care Attendance In Northwestern Nigeria, Aisha Nana Adamu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Researchers have demonstrated a significant relationship between antenatal care (ANC) attendance and pregnant women’s sociodemographic characteristics. What has not been clearly studied is the relationship between ANC attendance and pregnant women’s perceptions about conditions such as preeclampsia (PE) that could affect their pregnancies. ANC could facilitate the timely management of these conditions, ultimately improving the outcomes for PE affected women. In this study the relationship between pregnant women’s perceptions about PE and their ANC attendance was examined. Guided by the health belief model (HBM), the research questions were used to explore the associations between four HBM constructs (perceived susceptibility, severity, …
Suicidal Ideation Among American Indian And Alaska Natives In The United States, Lacie Lashawn Tillman
Suicidal Ideation Among American Indian And Alaska Natives In The United States, Lacie Lashawn Tillman
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Suicidal ideation is a silent public health issue across the United States. Evidence suggests that suicidal ideation is a predictor of suicide attempt and completion. Suicide is a leading cause of death among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIs/ANs) in the United States, especially among younger people. Alcohol and illicit drug use, coupled with poor social conditions, can lead to suicidal ideations—and sometimes suicide completion. Using social cognitive theory, this quantitative cross-sectional study compared variables within the 2017, 2018, and 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to determine the effect that alcohol and/or illicit drug use has on …
Perceptions Of Physicians And Patients On How Mediated Electronic Health Records Affect Their Communication During Medical Encounters, Fabienne Alexandra Louis
Perceptions Of Physicians And Patients On How Mediated Electronic Health Records Affect Their Communication During Medical Encounters, Fabienne Alexandra Louis
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Little is known concerning the effects of the mediated electronic health record (MEHR) on physician-patient communication, thereby making it difficult to provide patient-centered care. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine and understand the perceptions of physicians and patients regarding how MEHR affects their communication during medical encounters in the outpatient setting. Data were collected from five physicians and five patients who provided email responses to open-ended questions. Driven by the media richness theory, a content analysis was performed to analyze the responses. Findings revealed that screen gazing, heavy keyboarding, and positioning of the computer monitor affect physician-patient …
Alarm Fatigue On Medical-Surgical Units, Jody S. Destigter
Alarm Fatigue On Medical-Surgical Units, Jody S. Destigter
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Technology use in the medical-surgical acute care setting has increased and leads to alarm, alert, and notification overload, also known as alarm fatigue, which is one of the top 10 health technology hazards leading to patient harm. Alarm fatigue is a new phenomenon within the acute care health care setting and impacts patients, families, staff, leadership, organizations, and the profession of nursing. The purpose of this descriptive, comparative, quantitative study was to examine the difference in the level of alarm fatigue and its impact on performance for nurses who work on a technology-dedicated, inpatient, medical-surgical unit versus a traditional inpatient …
Workplace Psychosocial Factors, Perception Of Organizational Support, And Congregate Workers’ Quality Of Life, Claudine Alicia Cousins
Workplace Psychosocial Factors, Perception Of Organizational Support, And Congregate Workers’ Quality Of Life, Claudine Alicia Cousins
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Congregate care organizations employ workers across various environments from shelters, group homes, long-term care homes, and correctional facilities. Congregate care workers in the developmental services sector face numerous risks that affect their quality of life due to workplace stress from daily interactions with individuals with intellectual disabilities and organizational demands. Workers’ perception of the support received from their organization may further impact their quality of life. The purpose of this quantitative study, guided by organizational support theory, was to examine the relationship among the independent variables of workplace psychosocial factors (defined as vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue, mental stress, or burnout), …
Influence Of Questioning On Development Of Clinical Reasoning In Prelicensure Nursing, Teresa Maria Brown
Influence Of Questioning On Development Of Clinical Reasoning In Prelicensure Nursing, Teresa Maria Brown
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Clinical reasoning is the basis for every clinical decision a nurse makes; however, only 23% of newly graduated nurses are safely able to recognize urgent clinical patient problems and demonstrate appropriate management of those problems. Furthermore, new nurses make 50% of medical errors. This leaves nurse educators looking for evidenced-based teaching/learning strategies to help their students develop clinical reasoning skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of questioning as a problem-based teaching/learning strategy on clinical reasoning in undergraduate nursing students. The theoretical framework used to guide this study was Tanner’s clinical judgment model. Using Lasater’s clinical …
Medication Beliefs And Behaviors Of Hypertensive Caribbean Immigrants Living In New York City, Nadia Williams
Medication Beliefs And Behaviors Of Hypertensive Caribbean Immigrants Living In New York City, Nadia Williams
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Hypertension remains a worldwide health phenomenon with serious health consequences including heart attack, stroke, aneurysm, and heart failure. Beliefs about medicines have been shown to influence hypertension outcomes. Medication adherence has emerged as a vital component of hypertension control and management. However, there has been limited research which addresses beliefs about medicines and medication adherence in Blacks of Caribbean origin. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to identify the beliefs about medications held among hypertensive Caribbean immigrants living in New York City using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire to identify what factors/barriers were related to these specific medication …
The Viability Of Venture Philanthropy In A Nonprofit Organization, Melissa Lindsey Perkins
The Viability Of Venture Philanthropy In A Nonprofit Organization, Melissa Lindsey Perkins
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This case study addressed the viability of a venture philanthropy approach to augment revenue at a youth-serving nonprofit organization in the U.S. state of Connecticut. Venture philanthropy as different from an outright financial donation in that the purpose of this donation is to allow the organization to start a mission-related business. The purpose of the study was to explore the perspectives of individual donors capable of making a venture-level investment to inform organizational leaders about this revenue generation strategy. The practice-focused questions concerned what a donor may want to know prior to making a venture-level investment, to what degree donors …
Physician Retention Strategies In Small Military Treatment Facilities, Stacey Sherrice Amos
Physician Retention Strategies In Small Military Treatment Facilities, Stacey Sherrice Amos
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
During a time of increasing physician shortages, health care leaders must identify successful physician retention strategies. Health care leaders are concerned with physician retention, as a lack of physicians minimizes patient access to care. Grounded in the stakeholder theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies health care leaders in small military treatment facilities in rural areas use to improve physician retention. The participants were five health care leaders from different Army military treatment facilities located in rural areas throughout the continental United States who had more than four months of experience in physician shortages …
Juvenile Justice And The Criminalization Of Mentally Ill Individuals, Michael Collins
Juvenile Justice And The Criminalization Of Mentally Ill Individuals, Michael Collins
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Juvenile justice systems in the United States are using incarceration as a solution to the problem of youths with mental health disorders who commit violent crimes. Juvenile justice systems across the United States have a revolving door effect that arrests, adjudicates, and incarcerates youth offenders but fail to address the factors that contribute to recidivism. The purpose of the qualitative case study was to identify which treatment procedures were most appropriate for juvenile offenders who committed violent offenses in an effort to reduce recidivism for this offender population. For this study, an ecological psychology theory was used as a lens …
Detroit Community Violence And Mental Health Help-Seeking Behaviors Of African American Men, Rebekah D. Montgomery
Detroit Community Violence And Mental Health Help-Seeking Behaviors Of African American Men, Rebekah D. Montgomery
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Community violence is a type of trauma commonly experienced in inner cities. Qualitative methods and hermeneutic phenomenology were used to identify connections of low use of professional mental health services by African American men in inner-city settings to chronic exposure to trauma. Sotero’s historical trauma theory was used to explain how minority men process trauma in present-day circumstances. Purposeful sampling was used to select seven African American men in Detroit, Michigan who self-reported exposure to community violence. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using three steps: transcribing; listening, reading, and analyzing; and coding using inductive and deductive analysis. …
The Patient Dignity Project, Jennifer Kepler Flick
The Patient Dignity Project, Jennifer Kepler Flick
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The delivery of patient-centered care is central to many healthcare initiatives. However, the national nursing shortage and the task-oriented nature of the nursing process can make the delivery of this type of care difficult. Nursing as a caring science requires nurses to have an in-depth understanding of how the care they provide impacts patient dignity. Although the Patient Dignity Question is effective as a dignity-preserving intervention, the project facility offered no orientation or educational opportunities that specifically related to patient dignity. This project was a multimodal educational intervention on protecting patient dignity with pre- and posteducation survey assessments. The practice-focused …
Change Fatigue, Job Satisfaction, And Organizational Commitment Among Nurses, Melissa Kapping
Change Fatigue, Job Satisfaction, And Organizational Commitment Among Nurses, Melissa Kapping
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The healthcare environment is complex and ever-changing, which has a direct impact on the nurse. The effects of the constant change to the nurse may result in the development of change fatigue, which causes the loss of trust in the organization, a feeling of resentment, and a sense of apprehension while depleting the individual’s reserves. The purpose of this correlational study guided by Lazarus and Folkman’s stress and coping theory was to determine if there is a relationship between (a) job satisfaction and change fatigue and (b) organizational commitment and change fatigue in nurses who work in an outpatient clinical …
Nurse Turnover A Crisis In Healthcare, Billie Robinson
Nurse Turnover A Crisis In Healthcare, Billie Robinson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractNurse turnover is a global, national, and local problem that impacts the ability of healthcare leaders to deliver high quality healthcare to the populations in need of healthcare services. The purpose of this study is to identify reasons nurses leave organizations. The Leader-Member Exchange Theory undergirds the quantitative research which was conducted using the Supervisor Leader Communication Inventory. Nurse leaders communicate with acute care nurses using principles of the Leader- Member Exchange Theory. The survey was distributed to members of the Georgia Nurse Association. Positive correlations were revealed between the independent and dependent variables. SPSS was used to establish the …
Associations Between The Use Of Bed Nets And Malaria Infection On The School Performance Of Juveniles In Ghana, Ans Bumbokuri
Associations Between The Use Of Bed Nets And Malaria Infection On The School Performance Of Juveniles In Ghana, Ans Bumbokuri
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Millions of malaria cases are reported yearly in sub-Saharan Africa, events which adversely influence children’s school performance. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional study was to investigate the effectiveness of major malaria control policies in reducing malaria cases as a means of improving academic performance among school children in the greater Accra region of Ghana. A secondary data set was obtained from the 2014-2016 data from the Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey (GMIS). Findings indicated that bed net use and malarial episodes in children of participant recorded a p-value of 0.43 which is a significant association between the variables. The likelihood …
Surgical Site Infection Rates After Implementation Of The Surgical Care Improvement Project Initiative, Victor Lao De Guzman Jr
Surgical Site Infection Rates After Implementation Of The Surgical Care Improvement Project Initiative, Victor Lao De Guzman Jr
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Surgical site infections (SSIs) reflect a serious complication in modern healthcare and are a substantial burden to healthcare systems and service payers worldwide in terms of patient morbidity, mortality, and additional costs. The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP), introduced in 2006, was developed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to reduce SSI rates by 25%. However, SCIP was retired in 2015. Given the considerable financial burden of SSIs and because SSIs may be prevented using evidence-based measures, it was worth revisiting and re-evaluating the quality improvement efforts brought about by the success of the evidence-based SCIP initiative. This …
Staff Education: Nonpharmacological Interventions For Pain In Older Adults With Osteoarthritis, Rachel 'Seunayo Ilesanmi
Staff Education: Nonpharmacological Interventions For Pain In Older Adults With Osteoarthritis, Rachel 'Seunayo Ilesanmi
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Osteoarthritis (OA) pain is a major social problem for older adults and has psychological and physical implications. In the clinic where the project was implemented, the family nurse practitioners (FNPs) are not addressing the OA pain of the older adult patients according to the evidence-based practice (EBP) guidelines. The purpose of this project was to educate FNPs on EBP guidelines regarding nonpharmacological intervention for chronic pain in OA patients. Knowles’ adult learning theory guided the development of the education program specific to the unique learning style of the FNPs. Fourteen FNPs who treat patients with OA in 3 clinic settings …
The Experience Of Women With Opioid Use Disorder Accessing Methadone Treatment, Lizette Cristine Keenan
The Experience Of Women With Opioid Use Disorder Accessing Methadone Treatment, Lizette Cristine Keenan
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The number of women experiencing opioid use disorder (OUD) in Canada has increased exponentially. In Canada, healthcare is socialized and free for all citizens and often medications like methadone are free as well, yet few individuals with OUD access treatment services. The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experiences of Canadian women with OUD who were receiving methadone treatment. Interpretive phenomenology was used to investigate the treatment experiences of seven women with OUD. The conceptual framework of self-care of chronic illness was used examine this phenomenon. Data was analyzed using a seven step process of interpretive phenomenological …
African American Mothers’ Experience In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Lauren Magruder
African American Mothers’ Experience In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Lauren Magruder
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Black/African American (B/AA) mothers struggle disproportionately with problems related to childbirth. B/AA mothers have higher rates of premature births, infant death prior to age one, and death during childbirth. The purpose of this research was to add to present knowledge regarding B/AA mothers who have had a baby in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Womanist theory was selected as a framework for the study because it focuses on the intersection of gender and race in relation to B/AA women. The experience of B/AA women in U.S. society is unique, in that it involves several pervasive stereotypes and controlling images. …
Preparing Staff Nurses For Timely Management Of Hypertension In Acute Ischemic Stroke, Nneoma Oguguo
Preparing Staff Nurses For Timely Management Of Hypertension In Acute Ischemic Stroke, Nneoma Oguguo
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
When a blood clot obstructs the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain, it can cause an ischemic stroke. Hypertension is the most important risk factor for ischemic stroke because it causes damage to the arteries, making them easy to burst or clog and subsequently increases the risk of stroke. Advanced treatments have been developed to dissolve clots and restore blood flow to the brain. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been clinically beneficial in acute ischemic stroke if it is given early and under the right conditions. Nurses can improve patient care through application of evidenced-based management. The purpose …
Pulmonary Rehabilitation And Hospital Readmissions Among Individuals With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Nicholas Prush
Pulmonary Rehabilitation And Hospital Readmissions Among Individuals With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Nicholas Prush
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Due to policies that penalize hospitals for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) readmissions and the health problems faced by individuals who are readmitted due to COPD, it is critical to identify treatments and strategies that can help reduce the likelihood of readmission. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of pulmonary rehabilitation and demographic variables (age, gender, and BMI) on 30-day hospital readmissions for patients with COPD. Shearer’s health empowerment theory was the theoretical framework for this quantitative study. Secondary data were obtained from a hospital and the sample was comprised of 253 COPD patients admitted between …
Learning Experiences And Goal Setting Strategies From Successful Adult Basic Education Learners, Amanda Christine Sobremesana
Learning Experiences And Goal Setting Strategies From Successful Adult Basic Education Learners, Amanda Christine Sobremesana
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Adults who are unsuccessful in completing their educational program will not receive the needed certification or diploma to be competitive in a global economy and job market. The completion percentage of adult basic education learners remains low at an adult basic education site in a Western state. The purpose of this study was to better understand the various experiences of the successful adult learner and the different ways they used goal setting strategies to complete their programs. This basic qualitative study was guided by Knowles’ theory of andragogy. The guiding research questions asked adult learners what learning experiences and goal …
Impact Of Immediate Bedding In The Emergency Department On Length-Of-Stay And Left-Without-Being-Seen, Christine Demo
Impact Of Immediate Bedding In The Emergency Department On Length-Of-Stay And Left-Without-Being-Seen, Christine Demo
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Hospital systems and health care leaders struggle to provide safe and efficient care to patients seeking care in the emergency department (ED). EDs are experiencing a high influx of patients leading to ED overcrowding and causing stress on the department to manage patient flow more efficiently. The inability to manage patient flow properly limits the ability to provide safe, effective, and timely care to patients. Many solutions have been proposed to decrease overcrowding though the main focus of this study was the implementation of a more efficient patient flow strategy, known as immediate bedding. The purpose of this quantitative study …
Predictors Of Cancer Information Seeking Among Adults With A Family History Of Cancer, Oluwakemi Akindeju Fawole
Predictors Of Cancer Information Seeking Among Adults With A Family History Of Cancer, Oluwakemi Akindeju Fawole
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Cancer is a significant cause of illness and mortality in the United States. A family history of cancer is a valuable factor for assessing disease risk and increasing cancer information-seeking behaviors for prevention. Guided by the health belief model, this quantitative study addressed the predictors of cancer information seeking behavior among adults with a family history of cancer. In this study, data from 8,473 participants in the 2017–2019 Health Information Trends Analysis Survey were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. This analysis addressed whether there was a statistically significant difference in sociodemographic factors, measures of health status, and health care engagement …
Benefits Of Using An Electronic-Medical-Record In The Emergency Department: A Systematic Review, Eduardo Paguntalan Monroy
Benefits Of Using An Electronic-Medical-Record In The Emergency Department: A Systematic Review, Eduardo Paguntalan Monroy
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractLow quality of care is a problem for many United States (U.S.) emergency departments (E.D.). The use of electronic medical records (EMR) with quick embedded tools, treatment plans, and protocols decrease E.D. overcrowding, reduce boarding time, to approximate the 4- hour recommendation by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, and improve quality of care. The project question asked whether a systematic review of EMRs with quick embedded tools, treatment plans, and protocols decreased overcrowding and boarding time, and improved E.D. quality care. This systematic review used the Johns Hopkins Model to answer the project question by guiding selection, …
Associations Between Nurse Manager Engagement And Nursing Quality Indicators, Justin Travis Morris
Associations Between Nurse Manager Engagement And Nursing Quality Indicators, Justin Travis Morris
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Individuals serving in the nurse manager role are critical stakeholders supporting frontline nurses delivering quality care within acute care settings. Despite evidence supporting nurse managers’ contributions to improved quality outcomes for patients by proxy, there is scant evidence supporting direct relationships between the role and outcomes. This study intended to provide quantitative evidence of relationships between nurse managers’ engagement, nurse managers’ tenure, and patient outcomes. The leadership complexity theory classified the nurse manager as a meso-level leader, requiring support from the macro- and microlevels of the organization. Acting as a liaison, meso-level leaders’ function in the space between executive leadership …
Decreasing Pressure Injuries With Early Mitigation Strategies For The Elderly In The Intensive Care Unit, Janet L. Wilson
Decreasing Pressure Injuries With Early Mitigation Strategies For The Elderly In The Intensive Care Unit, Janet L. Wilson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Healthcare acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) are a serious and debilitating condition in the elderly, and it is therefore critical to reduce the incidence of HAPIs. Mitigation strategies are often implemented for patients who score in the highest risk categories on the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk©. Yet, the evidence suggests vulnerable older adults who score in the midrange of the Braden Scale, and specifically, the mobility subscale, develop HAPI more frequently. The review question centered on the evaluation of the current evidence for early mitigation strategies in response to Braden Scale midrange mobility subscale scores. The gap addressed …
Internet Use, Perceived Social Support, And Obesity Among African American Young Adults, Cynthia Adams
Internet Use, Perceived Social Support, And Obesity Among African American Young Adults, Cynthia Adams
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
African Americans are disproportionately affected by obesity. Public health practitioners have an incomplete understanding of the social-environmental risk factors and how they affect obesity. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional study was to explore whether internet use and perceived social support predicted obesity among African American young adults. The social cognitive theory guided this study. Secondary data were analyzed from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. The sample consisted of 6,765 African American young adults age 18 to 34 and represented the U.S. population using weighted estimates. A Bonferroni correction was performed to reduce Type I error due to …
Reducing Fall Rates At A Long-Term-Care Facility, Francis Ortego
Reducing Fall Rates At A Long-Term-Care Facility, Francis Ortego
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
In the United States, older adults often experience fall events that may result in physical, mental, and financial hardship. Since the project site was experiencing a significant number of patient falls, a fall-prevention quality improvement (QI) program was implemented. Guided by the diffusion of innovation theory and the plan-do-study-act (PDSA) model, the purpose of this doctoral project was to evaluate the effectiveness of that program to determine if the monthly fall rate in the facility would decrease during the next 6 months. The project site provided deidentified data in the form of monthly fall-rate totals as collected from the long-term-care …
Determinants Of Substance Abuse Among Users With Mental Health Issues In Ogun State, Nigeria, Michael Olusegun Adejimi
Determinants Of Substance Abuse Among Users With Mental Health Issues In Ogun State, Nigeria, Michael Olusegun Adejimi
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
In Nigeria, about 14.3 million people use drugs without physician prescription and approximately 30% of Nigerians suffer from mental illness, some of which is due to substance abuse. This study examined the associations between (a) socio-demographic factors and substance abuse among users with mental health issues in Ogun State Nigeria, (b) clinical variables and substance abuse among users with mental health issues, (c) negative life events and substance abuse among users with mental health issues, and (d) social supports and substance abuse among users with mental health issues. This study theoretical framework was based on the definition of mental health …