Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Dual Contribution Of The Gut Microbiome To Immunotherapy Efficacy And Toxicity: Supportive Care Implications And Recommendations, Hannah R. Wardill, Raymond J. Chan, Alexandre Chan, Dorothy Keefe, Samuel P. Costello, Nicolas H. Hart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (immunotherapy) is increasingly recognized to be linked to the composition the gut microbiome. Given the high rates of resistance, interventions targeting the gut microbiome are now being investigated for its ability to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. In light of recently published data demonstrating a strong correlation between the efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy, there is a risk that efforts to enhance immunotherapy efficacy may be undermined by increases in immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) This is particularly important for microbial interventions aimed at increasing immunotherapy efficacy, with many microbes implicated in tumour response also …

Exercise In Preventing Falls For Men With Prostate Cancer: A Modelled Cost-Utility Analysis, Kim Edmunds, Paul Scuffham, Robert U. Newton, Daniel A. Galvão, Haitham Tuffaha

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction:

Men who receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) are a vulnerable falls population due to the side effects of treatment. The purpose of this paper is to determine the cost-effectiveness of exercise in preventing falls and fractures for this high-risk population in Australia.

Methods:

A decision analytic model was constructed to evaluate the cost utility of an exercise intervention compared to usual care from a health system perspective. The intervention comprised two 1-h sessions of supervised exercise per week over 1 year for men with non-metastatic PCa receiving curative radiation therapy and ADT. A Markov model …

Future Perspectives Of Uveal Melanoma Blood Based Biomarkers, Aaron B. Beasley, Fred K. Chen, Timothy W. Isaacs, Elin S. Gray

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy affecting adults. Despite successful local treatment of the primary tumour, metastatic disease develops in up to 50% of patients. Metastatic UM carries a particularly poor prognosis, with no effective therapeutic option available to date. Genetic studies of UM have demonstrated that cytogenetic features, including gene expression, somatic copy number alterations and specific gene mutations can allow more accurate assessment of metastatic risk. Pre-emptive therapies to avert metastasis are being tested in clinical trials in patients with high-risk UM. However, current prognostic methods require an intraocular tumour biopsy, which is a …

Characterisation Of Lung Function Trajectories And Associated Early-Life Predictors In An Australian Birth Cohort Study, Francesca Sanna, Francesca Locatelli, Peter D. Sly, Elisha White, Jane Heyworth, Graham L. Hall, Rachel E. Foong, David Blake

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background There is growing evidence that lung function in early-life predicts later lung function. Adverse events over the lifespan might influence an individual’s lung function trajectory, resulting in poor respiratory health. The aim of this study is to identify early-life risk factors and their impact on lung function trajectories to prevent long-term lung impairments. Methods Our study included participants from the Raine Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort, with at least two spirometry measurements. Lung function trajectories from the 6-to 22-year follow-ups were characterised using finite mixture modelling. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between early-life predictors …

Effect Of Auricular Acupressure On Acute Pain In Nursing Home Residents With Mild Dementia: A Single-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Study, Jun Jun Zhang, Li Yu, Jun Hui Mei, Hong Xin Wang, Hai Xiang Gao, Ju Fang Fu, Ye Cheng, Lu Lu Gao, Lei Bu, Jian Qiang Yu, Carol Chunfeng Wang, Yu Xiang Li

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction. Acute pain is a prevalent problem for dementia residents in nursing homes. A variety of intervention strategies have been applied to address this problem. However, there remains an issue of inadequate pain control. This study aims to explore the analgesic efficacy of auricular acupressure (AA) for dementia residents with acute pain in nursing homes. Methods. A multicenter, single-blind, randomized, and sham-controlled clinical trial was performed in three nursing homes in Yinchuan, China. All of the 206 eligible patients with acute pain were randomly divided into two groups for real AA therapy or sham AA (at sham point stimulation) therapy. …

Sulfur Compounds: From Plants To Humans And Their Role In Chronic Disease Prevention, Caroline R. Hill, Armaghan Shafaei, Lois Balmer, Joshua R. Lewis, Jonathan M. Hodgson, A. Harvey Millar, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Sulfur is essential for the health of plants and is an indispensable dietary component for human health and disease prevention. Its incorporation into our food supply is heavily reliant upon the uptake of sulfur into plant tissue and our subsequent intake. Dietary requirements for sulfur are largely calculated based upon requirements for the sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA), cysteine and methionine, to meet the demands for synthesis of proteins, enzymes, co-enzymes, vitamins, and hormones. SAA are found in abundance in animal sources and are relatively low in plants. However, some plants, particularly cruciferous and allium vegetables, produce many protective sulfur-containing secondary …

Exercise Recommendations For People With Bone Metastases: Expert Consensus For Healthcare Providers And Clinical Exercise Professionals, Kristin L. Campbell, Prue Cormie, Sarah Weller, Shabbir M. H. Alibhai, Kate A. Bolam, Anna Campbell, Andrea L. Cheville, Mary-Ann Dalzell, Nicolas H. Hart, Celestia S. Higano, Kirstin Lane, Sami Mansfield, Margaret L. Mcneely, Robert U. Newton, Morten Quist, Jennifer Rauw, Friederike Rosenberger, Daniel Santa Mina, Kathryn H. Schmitz, Kerri M. Winters-Stone, Joachim Wiskemann, Jennifer Goulart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Exercise has been underutilized in people with advanced or incurable cancer despite the potential to improve physical function and reduce psychosocial morbidity, especially for people with bone metastases because of concerns over skeletal complications. The International Bone Metastases Exercise Working Group (IBMEWG) was formed to develop best practice recommendations for exercise programming for people with bone metastases on the basis of published research, clinical experience, and expert opinion. Methods: The IBMEWG undertook sequential steps to inform the recommendations: (1) modified Delphi survey, (2) systematic review, (3) cross-sectional survey to physicians and nurse practitioners, (4) in-person meeting of IBMEWG to …

Risk Factors For Child Stunting In Bangladesh: An Analysis Using Mics 2019 Data, Tuhinur R. Chowdhury, Sayan Chakrabarty, Muntaha Rakib, Stephen Winn, Jason Bennie

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background Malnutrition is considered a major public health challenge and is associated with a range of health issues, including childhood stunting. Stunting is a reliable and well-recognized indicator of chronic childhood malnutrition. The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with stunting among 17,490 children below five years of age in Bangladesh. Methods Correlates of child stunting were examined using data generated by a cross-sectional cluster survey conducted in Bangladesh in 2019. The data includes a total of 17,490 children (aged < 5 years) from 64,400 households. Multiple logistic regressions were used to determine the risk factors associated with child stunting and severe stunting. Results The prevalence of stunting and severe stunting for children was 25.96% and 7.97%, respectively. Children aged 24 to < 36 months [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.30, 3.05] and aged 36 to < 48 months [OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 2.02, 2.69] had more risk of stunting compared to the children aged < 6 months. Children from Sylhet division had the greatest risk of stunting of all the eight divisions [OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.46]. Children of secondary complete or higher educated mothers were less likely to develop stunting [OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.79] compared with children of mothers having no education at all. Similarly, children of secondary complete or higher educated father [OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.87] were found to have lower risk of stunting compared with children whose father hadn’t any education. Substantially lower risk of stunting was observed among children whose mother and father both completed secondary education or above [OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.69]. Children from the richest households [OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.58] had 51% lower odds of stunting compared to children from the poorest households. Conclusions After controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors, parental education and household position in the wealth index were found to be the most important determinants of child stunting in Bangladesh.

Strength Training In Swimming, Klaus Wirth, Michael Keiner, Stefan Fuhrmann, Alfred Nimmerichter, Gregory G. Haff

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This narrative review deals with the topic of strength training in swimming, which has been a controversial issue for decades. It is not only about the importance for the performance at start, turn and swim speed, but also about the question of how to design a strength training program. Different approaches are discussed in the literature, with two aspects in the foreground. On the one hand is the discussion about the optimal intensity in strength training and, on the other hand, is the question of how specific strength training should be designed. In addition to a summary of the current …

Nationwide Industry-Led Community Exercise Program For Men With Locally Advanced, Relapsed, Or Metastatic Prostate Cancer On Androgen-Deprivation Therapy, Oliver Schumacher, Daniel A. Galvao, Dennis R. Taaffe, Nigel Spry, Dickon Hayne, Colin Tang, Raphael Chee, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose:

Androgen-deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with considerable side effects and secondary comorbidities such as overweight/obesity and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an industry-led, treatment-integrated, community-based exercise program on outcomes of body weight, cardiovascular health, and physical function.

Patients and Methods:

PCa patients with locally advanced, relapsed, or metastatic disease receiving leuprorelin acetate were enrolled across multiple sites in Australia and assigned supervised group exercise undertaken weekly or biweekly (ie, 16 exercise sessions in total) for 10-18 weeks, consisting of aerobic and resistance training performed at moderate-to-vigorous …

Impact Of Covid-19 Lockdown On Physical Activity Behaviours Of Older Adults Who Participated In A Community-Based Exercise Program Prior To The Lockdown, Kaoru Nosaka, Caitlin Fox-Harding, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study investigated the impact of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on community-dwelling older adults attending a community-based exercise program to seek strategies to keep them active during self-isolated situations. A two-phase mixed methods approach included a survey followed by in-person focus groups. Forty-eight participants, with 32 starting a community-based exercise program before the lockdown and 16 joining the program after the lockdown, completed a questionnaire survey about physical activities before and during the lockdown. This was followed by three focus groups (26 participants in total) to identify factors influencing physical activity behaviours found in the survey. The survey found that …

Sport-Specific Crossover Point Differences During A Maximal Oxygen Consumption Test, Joseph R. Stanzione, George A. Brooks, Michael L. Bruneau, Duncan N. French, Jennifer A. Nasser, Sinclair A. Smith, Stella L. Volpe

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction/Purpose: The crossover point occurs during exercise when one transitions energy substrates from fat to carbohydrate predominance. The crossover point varies in an intensity-dependent manner; however, less is known about its specificity in sports with varying metabolic demands. The purpose of our study was to determine if various sports yield differences in the time to crossover and heart rate and percentage of maximal oxygen consumption (V O2max) at crossover during a standardized exercise protocol.

Methods: A total of 77 athletes (39 women, 38 men; 39.1 + 10.4 yr of age) were measured for respiratory exchange ratio during a modified Taylor …

Gut Microbiota Diversity And Composition In Predicting Immunotherapy Response And Immunotherapy-Related Colitis In Melanoma Patients: A Systematic Review, Oliver Oey, Yu-Yang Liu, Angela F. Sunjaya, Daniel M. Simadibrata, Muhammad A. Khattak, Elin Gray

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Gut microbiome (GM) composition and diversity have recently been studied as a biomarker of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB) and of ICB-related colitis. Aim: To conduct a systematic review on the role of GM composition and diversity in predicting response and colitis in patients with melanoma treated with ICB. Methods: The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021228018. From a total of 300 studies, nine studies met inclusion criteria. Two studies were phase I clinical trials, while the remainder were prospective observational studies. All but one study has moderate risk of bias. In addition, we conducted a …

Quadriceps Muscle Fatigue Reduces Extension And Flexion Power During Maximal Cycling, Steven J. O'Bryan, Janet L. Taylor, Jessica M. D'Amico, David M. Rouffet

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose:

To investigate how quadriceps muscle fatigue affects power production over the extension and flexion phases and muscle activation during maximal cycling.

Methods:

Ten participants performed 10-s maximal cycling efforts without fatigue and after 120 bilateral maximal concentric contractions of the quadriceps muscles. Extension power, flexion power and electromyographic (EMG) activity were compared between maximal cycling trials. We also investigated the associations between changes in quadriceps force during isometric maximal voluntary contractions (IMVC) and power output (flexion and extension) during maximal cycling, in addition to interindividual variability in muscle activation and pedal force profiles.

Results:

Quadriceps IMVC (−52 ± 21%, …

An Il1rl1 Genetic Variant Lowers Soluble St2 Levels And The Risk Effects Of Apoe-Ε4 In Female Patients With Alzheimer’S Disease, Yuanbing Jiang, Xiaopu Zhou, Hiu Yi Wong, Li Ouyang, Fanny C. F. Ip, Vicky M. N. Chau, Shun-Fat Lau, Wei Wu, Daniel Y. K. Wong, Heukjin Seo, Wing-Yu Fu, Nicole C. H. Lai, Yuewen Chen, Yu Chen, Estella P.S. Tong, Alzheimer’S Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Vincent C. T. Mok, Timothy C. Y. Kwok, Kin Y. Mok, Maryam Shoai, Benoit Lehallier, Patricia Morán Losada, Eleanor O'Brien, Tenielle Porter, Simon Laws, John Hardy, Tony Wyss-Coray, Colin L. Masters, Amy K.Y. Fu, Nancy Y. Ip

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Changes in the levels of circulating proteins are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), whereas their pathogenic roles in AD are unclear. Here, we identified soluble ST2 (sST2), a decoy receptor of interleukin-33–ST2 signaling, as a new disease-causing factor in AD. Increased circulating sST2 level is associated with more severe pathological changes in female individuals with AD. Genome-wide association analysis and CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing identified rs1921622, a genetic variant in an enhancer element of IL1RL1, which downregulates gene and protein levels of sST2. Mendelian randomization analysis using genetic variants, including rs1921622, demonstrated that decreased sST2 levels lower AD …

What Are The Benefits And Challenges Of Mentoring In Midwifery? An Integrative Review, Krystyl Wissemann, Dianne Bloxsome, Annemarie De Leo, Sara Bayes

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: The aim of this review was to synthesize best available evidence on mentoring programmes for midwives who have worked within the clinical setting for more than 1 year. Background: Lack of job satisfaction, stress, burnout and limited managerial support contributes to midwifery workforce attrition and the ongoing global shortage of midwives. Mentoring may be one way to improve staff retention, leading to positive clinical and organizational outcomes. Design: A five-step integrative review approach, based on a series of articles published by the Joanna Briggs Institute for conducting systematic reviews, was used to develop a search strategy, selection criteria, method …

Changes To The Gut Microbiome In Young Children Showing Early Behavioral Signs Of Autism, Jacquelyn Jones, Stacey N. Reinke, Mahsa Mousavi-Derazmahalleh, Debra J. Palmer, Claus T. Christophersen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The human gut microbiome has increasingly been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is a neurological developmental disorder, characterized by impairments to social interaction. The ability of the gut microbiota to signal across the gut-brain-microbiota axis with metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, impacts brain health and has been identified to play a role in the gastrointestinal and developmental symptoms affecting autistic children. The fecal microbiome of older children with ASD has repeatedly shown particular shifts in the bacterial and fungal microbial community, which are significantly different from age-matched neurotypical controls, but it is still unclear whether these characteristic shifts …

Environmental Health Responses To Covid 19 In Western Australia: Lessons For The Future, Jacques Oosthuizen, Melissa Stoneham, Toni Hannelly, Edmore Masaka, Giverny Dodds, Victor Andrich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The COVID-19 pandemic tested the health system of Western Australia (WA) and the relatively new overarching legislative framework that guided the state-wide public health response to the pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the experiences and roles of environmental health officers (EHOs) in WA during the management of COVID-19 and to identify any policy changes that are needed to facilitate the rapid deployment of EHOs during a future public health crisis. An online survey with 78 respondents was administered and analysis was both qualitative and quantitative. It was found that participants believed there was inadequate resourcing, workforce shortages, increased workloads, …

Exploring Moderators Of The Effect Of High Vs. Low-To-Moderate Intensity Exercise On Cardiorespiratory Fitness During Breast Cancer Treatment – Analyses Of A Subsample From The Phys-Can Rct, Ann Christin Helgesen Bjørke, Laurien M. Buffart, Truls Raastad, Ingrid Demmelmaier, Andreas Stenling, Karin Nordin, Sveinung Berntsen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction

The results from the physical training and cancer randomized controlled trial (Phys-Can RCT) indicate that high intensity (HI) strength and endurance training during (neo-)adjuvant cancer treatment is more beneficial for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, measured as peak oxygen uptake [VO₂peak]) than low-to-moderate intensity (LMI) exercise. Adherence to the exercise intervention and demographic or clinical characteristics of patients with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment may moderate the exercise intervention effect on VO₂peak. In this study, the objective was to investigate whether baseline values of VO2peak, body mass index (BMI), time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity …

Lacking Clarity Or Strategic Ambiguity? Comment On “Competing Frames In Global Health Governance: An Analysis Of Stakeholder Influence On The Political Declaration On Non-Communicable Diseases”, Angela Carriedo, Kathrin Lauber, Margaret M. Miller, Rob Ralston

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This commentary engages with Suzuki and colleagues’ analysis about the ambiguity of multi-stakeholder discourses in the United Nations (UN) Political Declaration of the 3rd High-Level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (HLM-NCDs), suggesting that blurring between public and private sector in this declaration reflects broader debates about multi-stakeholder partnerships (MSPs) and public-private partnerships (PPPs) in health governance. We argue that the ambiguity between the roles and responsibilities of public and private actors involved may downplay the role (and regulation) of conflicts of interest (COI) between unhealthy commodity industries and public health. We argue …

Precision Health In Behaviour Change Interventions: A Scoping Review, Chelsea E. Mauch, Sarah M. Edney, John Noel M. Viana, Shakuntla Gondalia, Hamza Sellak, Sarah J. Boud, Dakota D. Nixon, Jillian C. Ryan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Precision health seeks to optimise behavioural interventions by delivering personalised support to those in need, when and where they need it. Conceptualised a decade ago, progress toward this vision of personally relevant and effective population-wide interventions continues to evolve. This scoping review aimed to map the state of precision health behaviour change intervention research. This review included studies from a broader precision health review. Six databases were searched for studies published between January 2010 and June 2020, using the terms ‘precision health’ or its synonyms, and including an intervention targeting modifiable health behaviour(s) that was evaluated experimentally. Thirty-one studies were …

Activity Of Newest Generation Β-Lactam/Β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination Therapies Against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Robbie R. Haines, Papanin Putsathit, Katherine A. Hammer, Anna S. Tai

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa accounts for 35 % of all P. aeruginosa isolated from respiratory samples of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The usefulness of β-lactam antibiotics for treating CF, such as carbapenems and later generation cephalosporins, is limited by the development of antibacterial resistance. A proven treatment approach is the combination of a β-lactam antibiotic with a β-lactamase inhibitor. New β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations are available, but data are lacking regarding the susceptibility of MDR CF-associated P. aeruginosa (CFPA) to these new combination therapies. In this study we determined MIC values for three new combinations; imipenem-relebactam (I-R), ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), …

Impact Of You Only Live Once: A Resilience-Based Hiv Prevention Intervention To Reduce Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Youth In South Africa, Fungai Mbengo, Esther Adama, Amanda Towell-Barnard, Arvin Bhana, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah, Maggie Zgambo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Interventions focused on promoting resilience or protective factors of youth have been proposed as a strategy for reducing risky behaviours associated with HIV infection among youth; however few studies have explored their effectiveness. This study assessed the impact of a resilience-based HIV prevention intervention (You Only Live Once) on risky sexual behaviours, resilience and protective factors of youth. Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used. One hundred and ninety-seven youth aged 15 – 24 years were conveniently recruited from a non-profit organisation in Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality, South Africa and participated in a 12-session, resilience-based HIV intervention delivered over a …

Airway Morphology And Its Influence On Osa Severity And Surgical Intervention: A Retrospective Study, Fabiana Petrykowski, Raymond Lam, Richard Lewis, Syed Mohammed Shamsul Islam, Mithran Goonewardene

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: The aim was to assess the relationship between airway morphology and surgical intervention in a cohort of patients presenting with increased body mass index (BMI) and a confirmed diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). A secondary aim was to revisit the relationship between morphology and OSA severity. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of pre-operative maxillofacial 3D-CT scans of thirty-two patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OSA who received treatment from an ear nose and throat specialist (ENT). Lateral cephalograms were imported into Quick Ceph Studio (Quick Ceph Systems Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) after which linear and angular …

Tox And Detox: Are Teens' Smartphone Use And Non-Use Practices Fully Fungible?, Lelia Green, Debra Dudek, Lynne Cohen, Kjartan Ólafsson, Elisabeth Staksrud, Carmen Louise Jacques, Kelly Jaunzems

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The public sphere includes a range of credible discourses asserting that a proportion of teenagers (“teens”) has an unhealthy dependence upon continuous connection with media devices, and especially smartphones. A review of media discourse (Jaunzems et al.) in Australia, and a critical review of public discourse in Australia and Belgium (Zaman et al.), reveal both positive and negative commentary around screentime. Despite the “emotionally laden, opposing views” expressed in the media, there appears to be a groundswell of concern around young people’s dependence upon digital devices (Zaman et al. 120). Concerns about ‘addiction’ to and dependency on digital media first …

Plasma P217+Tau Versus Nav4694 Amyloid And Mk6240 Tau Pet Across The Alzheimer's Continuum, Vincent Doré, James D. Doecke, Ziad S. Saad, Gallen Triana-Baltzer, Randy Slemmon, Natasha Krishnadas, Pierrick Bourgeat, Kun Huang, Samantha Burnham, Christopher Fowler, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Ashley I. Bush, Larry Ward, Jo Robertson, Ralph N. Martins, Colin L. Masters, Victor L. Villemagne, Jurgen Fripp, Hartmuth C. Kolb, Christopher C. Rowe

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: We evaluated a new Simoa plasma assay for phosphorylated tau (P-tau) at aa217 enhanced by additional p-tau sites (p217+tau). Methods: Plasma p217+tau levels were compared to 18F-NAV4694 amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F-MK6240 tau PET in 174 cognitively impaired (CI) and 223 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants. Results: Compared to Aβ− CU, the plasma levels of p217+tau increased 2-fold in Aβ+ CU and 3.5-fold in Aβ+ CI. In Aβ− the p217+tau levels did not differ significantly between CU and CI. P217+tau correlated with Aβ centiloids P =.67 (CI, P =.64; CU, P =.45) and tau SUVRMT P …

Dosage, Intensity, And Frequency Of Language Therapy For Aphasia: A Systematic Review-Based, Individual Participant Data Network Meta-Analysis, The Rehabilitation And Recovery Of People With Aphasia After Stroke (Release) Collaborators

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and Purpose: Optimizing speech and language therapy (SLT) regimens for maximal aphasia recovery is a clinical research priority. We examined associations between SLT intensity (hours/week), dosage (total hours), frequency (days/week), duration (weeks), delivery (face to face, computer supported, individual tailoring, and home practice), content, and language outcomes for people with aphasia.

Methods: Databases including MEDLINE and Embase were searched (inception to September 2015). Published, unpublished, and emerging trials including SLT and ≥ 10 individual participant data on aphasia, language outcomes, and time post-onset were selected. Patient-level data on stroke, language, SLT, and trial risk of bias were independently extracted. …

The Effects Of Home-Based Exercise Therapy For Breast Cancer-Related Fatigue Induced By Radical Radiotherapy, Georgios Mavropalias, Prue Cormie, Carolyn J. Peddle-Mcintyre, Daniel A. Galvão, Dennis R. Taaffe, Christelle Schofield, Sharon Ray, Yvonne Zissiadis, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) can lead to cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in breast cancer patients. The purpose of this trial was to examine the feasibility and efficacy of a home-based resistance and aerobic exercise intervention for reducing CRF and improving HRQoL in breast cancer patients during RT. Methods: Women with breast cancer (N = 106) commencing RT were randomized to 12 weeks of home-based resistance and aerobic exercise (EX) or usual care/control (CON). The primary endpoint was CRF, with secondary endpoints of HRQoL, sleep duration and quality, and physical activity. Measurements were undertaken prior to …

Physical Activity And Glioma: A Case–Control Study With Follow-Up For Survival, Zohreh Basiri, Yi Yang, Fiona J. Bruinsma, Anna K. Nowak, Kerrie L. Mcdonald, Katharine J. Drummond, Mark A. Rosenthal, Eng-Siew Koh, Rosemary Harrup, Elizabeth Hovey, David Joseph, Geza Benke, Robyn Leonard, Robert J. Macinnis, Roger L. Milne, Graham G. Giles, Claire M. Vajdic, Brigid M. Lynch

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose:

High-grade disease accounts for ~ 70% of all glioma, and has a high mortality rate. Few modifiable exposures are known to be related to glioma risk or mortality.

Methods:

We examined associations between lifetime physical activity and physical activity at different ages (15–18 years, 19–29 years, 30–39 years, last 10 years) with the risk of glioma diagnosis, using data from a hospital-based family case–control study (495 cases; 371 controls). We followed up cases over a median of 25 months to examine whether physical activity was associated with all-cause mortality. Physical activity and potential confounders were assessed by self-administered questionnaire. …

Women's Experiences Of Breech Birth Decision Making: An Integrated Review, Sara E. Morris, Deborah Sundin, Sadie Geraghty

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

INTRODUCTION: Currently, caesarean section is the primary mode of birth for a breech presenting fetus, leading to a deskilling of clinicians and limitation of birth choices for women. The aim of this review is to present a synthesized summary of existing literature related to women's experiences of breech birth mode decision-making. METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in April 2021, utilizing five databases to identify and obtain peer-reviewed articles meeting the predetermined selection criteria. RESULTS: Four major categories were synthesized from the integrated review: 1) Women who desire a vaginal birth may experience a range of negative …