Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Less Citation, Less Dissemination: The Case Of French Psychoanalysis, Rémy Potier, Olivier Putois, Charlotte Dolez, Elliot Jurist

Publications and Research

The future of all publishing is open to question, and this is especially true in the case of psychoanalytic publishing. Stepansky (2009) has explored the future of psychoanalytic publishing with a particular emphasis upon how the digital era has had an impact upon the decline of scholarly publication in the United States. If this trend continues, the survival of contemporary psychoanalytic research will depend upon its capacity to embrace and utilize digital publishing.

Echoing this perspective, we tried to determine whether the seemingly small international visibility of contemporary French psychoanalytic research could be related to its lack of acknowledgment of …

Policy Brief: Expanding Food Benefits For Immigrants: Charting A Policy Agenda For New York City, Anabel Perez-Jimenez, Nicholas Freudenberg

Publications and Research

This policy brief explores the eligibility of various categories of New York City’s immigrant populations, from those who have become citizens to permanent residents (Green Card holders) to those who lack legal immigration status, for SNAP, WIC and School Food, the nation’s main food benefit programs. We also examine factors that facilitate or block immigrants’ enrollment in these programs. Our larger goals are to encourage more systematic study of immigrant access to food benefits and identify opportunities for improving access. We hope to widen a public conversation among immigrants and their organizations, food security groups, food justice advocates and policy …

Perceived Body Image, Eating Behavior, And Sedentary Activities And Body Mass Index Categories In Kuwaiti Female Adolescents, Lemia H. Shaban, Joan A. Vaccaro, Shiryn D. Sukhram, Fatma G. Huffman

Publications and Research

Background. The State of Kuwait has a growing obesity epidemic in both genders and all age groups; however, obesity rates in the young seem to be rising. Methods.We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 169 Kuwaiti female adolescents attending both private and public schools spanning the six governorates in the State of Kuwait in order to explore female adolescents’ self-image, body dissatisfaction, type of school (private versus public), TV viewing, and computer games and their relationship to body mass index.

Results. Approximately half the students classified as obese perceived their body image to lie in the normal range. Females in the …

Naïve Beliefs About The Natural World In A Case Of Childhood Onset Amnesia, William Winter

Publications and Research

The individual profiled here (M.S.) suffered an episode of severe oxygen deprivation (anoxia) at the age of eight, damaging memory relevant structures in the mid-temporal lobes, including the hippocampus bilaterally. The resulting anterograde amnesia was characterized by profound deficits in autobiographical memory, but also a compromised ability to acquire new facts and information (semantic memory), resulting in the formation of idiosyncratic and naïve beliefs about the natural world that have persisted into his adult years. This article presents an interview with M.S. in which many of these idiosyncratic beliefs are detailed, and argues that they can be broadly viewed as …

Improved Parental Dietary Quality Is Associated With Children’S Dietary Intake Through The Home Environment, Karen R. Flórez, A. S. Richardson, M. B. Ghosh-Dastidar, R. Beckman, C. Huang, L. Wagner, T. Dubowitz

Publications and Research

Background Improving access to supermarkets has been shown to improve some dietary outcomes, yet there is little evidence for such effects on children. Relatedly, there is a dearth of research assessing the impact of a structural change (i.e. supermarket in a former food desert) on the home environment and its relationship with children’s diet.

Objective Assess the relative impact of the home environment on children’s diet after the introduction of a new supermarket in a food desert.

Methods Among a randomly selected cohort of households living in a food desert, parental diet was assessed before and after the opening of …

Traversing The Triangulum: The Intersection Of Tobacco, Legalised Marijuana And Electronic Vaporisers In Denver, Colorado, Emily Anne Mcdonald, Lucy Popova, Pamela M. Ling

Publications and Research

Objective: To explore the intersection of tobacco, legalised marijuana and electronic vaporiser use among young adults in the ‘natural laboratory’ of Colorado, the first state with legalised retail marijuana.

Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 32 young adults (18–26 years old) in Denver, Colorado, in 2015 to understand the beliefs and practices related to the use of tobacco, marijuana and vaporisers.

Results: We found ambiguity about whether the phrase ‘to smoke’ refers to the use of tobacco or marijuana products. Smoking marijuana blunts (emptied cigarillo or tobacco wrap filled with marijuana) was common, but few interpreted this as tobacco use. …

Airborne Infectious Agents And Other Pollutants In Automobiles For Domestic Use: Potential Health Impacts And Approaches To Risk Mitigation, Syed A. Sattar, Kathryn E. Wright, Bahram Zargar, Joseph R. Rubino, M. Khalid Ijaz

Publications and Research

Theworld total of passenger cars is expected to go fromthe current one billion to >2.5 billion by 2050. Cars for domestic use account for ∼74% of the world’s yearly production ofmotorized vehicles. In North America, ∼80% of the commuters use their own car with another 5.6% travelling as passengers.With the current life-expectancy of 78.6 years, the average North American spends 4.3 years driving a car! This equates to driving 101 minutes/day with a lifetime driving distance of nearly 1.3 million km inside the confined and often shared space of the car with exposure to a mix of potentially harmful pathogens, …

Direct Current-Induced Calcium Trafficking In Different Neuronal Preparations, Andrzej Wieraszko, Zaghloul Ahmed

Publications and Research

The influence of direct current (DC) stimulation on radioactive calcium trafficking in sciatic nerve in vivo and in vitro, spinal cord, and synaptosomes was investigated. The exposure to DC enhanced calcium redistribution in all of these preparations. The effect was dependent on the strength of the stimulation and extended beyond the phase of exposure to DC. The DC-induced increase in calcium sequestration by synaptosomes was significantly reduced by cobalt and rupture of synaptosomes by osmotic shock. Although both anodal and cathodal currents were effective, the experiments with two electrodes of different areas revealed that cathodal stimulation exerted stronger effect. The …

Robins-I: A Tool For Assessing Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomised Studies Of Interventions, Jonathan A.C. Sterne, Miguel A. Hernán, Barnaby C. Reeves, Jelena Savovic, Nancy D. Berkman, Meera Viswanathan, David Henry, Douglas G. Altman, Mohammed T. Ansari, Isabelle Boutron, James R. Carpenter, An-Wen Chen, Rachel Churchill, Jonathan J. Deeks, Asbjørn Hróbjartsson, Jamie Kirkham, Peter Jüni, Yoon K. Loke, Theresa D. Pigott, Craig R. Ramsay, Deborah Regidor, Hannah R. Rothstein, Lakhbir Sandhu, Pasqualina L. Santaguida, Holger J. Schünemann, Beverly Shea, Ian Shrier, Peter Tugwell, Lucy Turner, Jeffrey C. Valentine, Hugh Waddington, Elizabeth Waters, George A. Wells, Penny F. Whiting, Julian Pt Higgins

Publications and Research

Non-randomized studies of the effects of interventions are critical to many areas of healthcare evaluation, but their results may be biased. It is therefore important to understand and appraise their strengths and weaknesses. We developed ROBINS-I (“Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions”), a new tool for evaluating risk of bias in estimates of the comparative effectiveness (harm or benefit) of interventions from studies that did not use randomization to allocate units (individuals or clusters of individuals) to comparison groups. The tool will be particularly useful to those undertaking systematic reviews that include non-randomized studies.

Electro-Chemotactic Fields Induce Cooperative Movement Of Cns Cells, Shawn Mishra, Stephen Redenti, Maribel Vazquez

Publications and Research

Vision loss in adults with Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is attributed to damage of retinal photoreceptor cells that initiate vision by absorbing light. Mouse models have suggested that transplantation of precursor cells may be a novel approach to restore vision. This project uses a combination of electrotactic and chemotactic stimuli to promote and guide CNS cell migration within a microdevice model.

Immediate Blood Draw For Cd4+ Cell Count Is Associated With Linkage To Care In Durban, South Africa: Findings From Pathways To Engagement In Hiv Care, Susie Hoffman, Theresa M. Exner, Naomi Lince-Deroche, Cheng-Shiun Leu, Jessica L. Phillip, Elizabeth A. Kelvin, Anisha D. Gandhi, Bruce Levin, Dinesh Singh, Joanne E. Mantell, Kelly Blanchard, Gita Ramjee

Publications and Research

Background Timely linkage to care by newly-diagnosed HIV+ individuals remains a significant challenge to achieving UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals. Current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend initiating anti-retroviral treatment (ART) regardless of CD4+ count, with priority given to those with CD4+/μl. We evaluated the impact of not having a day-of-diagnosis CD4+ count blood draw, as recommended by South African guidelines, on time to linkage, using data from a prospective cohort study.

Methods Individuals (N = 2773) were interviewed prior to HIV counseling and testing at three public sector primary care clinics in the greater Durban area; 785 were newly-diagnosed and eligible …

Fhf2 Gene Deletion Causes Temperature-Sensitive Cardiac Conduction Failure, David S. Park, Akshay Shekhar, Christopher Marra, Xianming Lin, Carolina Vasquez, Sergio Solinas, Kevin Kelley, Gregory Morley, Mitchell Goldfarb, Glenn I. Fishman

Publications and Research

Fever is a highly conserved systemic response to infection dating back over 600 million years. Although conferring a survival benefit, fever can negatively impact the function of excitable tissues, such as the heart, producing cardiac arrhythmias. Here we show that mice lacking fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 2 (FHF2) have normal cardiac rhythm at baseline, but increasing core body temperature by as little as 3 C causes coved-type STelevations and progressive conduction failure that is fully reversible upon return to normothermia. FHF2-deficient cardiomyocytes generate action potentials upon current injection at 25 C but are unexcitable at 40 C. The absence …

Corned Beef And Karma: A Story About My Volunteering (Reluctantly) To Review For A Journal, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Burnout Et Dépression, Entre Normal Et Pathologique? Histoire D’Une Différenciation Hasardeuse, Bianchi Renzo, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Eric Laurent

Publications and Research

Initial described in the 1970s, the burnout syndrome has been difficult to characterize. It has been difficult to distinguish it from both clinical and subclinical depressive syndromes. In this chapter, we present a logical analysis of the distinction between burnout and depression. We synthesize the results of studies that bear on that distinction. We find that methodological and the historical separation of two lines of research as well as the lack of articulation between dimensional and categorical approaches to psychopathology.

Implementing An Mhealth System For Substance Use Disorders In Primary Care: A Mixed Methods Study Of Clinicians’ Initial Expectations And First Year Experiences, Marie-Louise Mares, David H. Gustafson, Joseph E. Glass, Andrew Quanbeck, Helene Mcdowell, Fiona Mctavish, Amy K. Atwood, Lisa A. Marsch, Chanetelle Thomas, Dhavan Shah, Randall Brown, Andrew Isham, Mary Jane Nealon, Victoria Ward

Publications and Research

Background: Millions of Americans need but don’t receive treatment for substance use, and evidence suggests that addiction-focused interventions on smart phones could support their recovery. There is little research on implementation of addiction-related interventions in primary care, particularly in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) that provide primary care to underserved populations. We used mixed methods to examine three FQHCs’ implementation of Seva, a smart-phone app that offers patients online support/discussion, health-tracking, and tools for coping with cravings, and offers clinicians information about patients’ health tracking and relapses. We examined (a) clinicians’ initial perspectives about implementing Seva, and (b) the first …

The Off-Label Use, Utility And Potential Value Of Tdcs In The Clinical Care Of Particular Neuropsychiatric Conditions, Marom Bikson, Bhaskar Paneri, James Giordano

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Of A Video-Conferencing Smoking Cessation Intervention For Korean American Women: Preliminary Findings, Sun S. Kim, Somporn Sitthisongkram, Kunsook Bernstein, Hua Fang, Won S. Choi, Douglas Ziedonis

Publications and Research

Introduction: Korean women are reluctant to pursue in-person smoking cessation treatment due to stigma attached to women smokers and prefer treatment such as telephone and online smoking cessation programs that they can access secretively at home. However, there is some evidence that face-to-face interaction is the most helpful intervention component for them to quit smoking.

Methods: This study is a pilot clinical trial that examined the acceptability and feasibility of a videoconferencing smoking cessation intervention for Korean American women and compared its preliminary efficacy with a telephone-based intervention. Women of Korean ethnicity were recruited nationwide in the United States and …

An Analysis Of Electronic Cigarette And Cigarette Advertising In Us Women’S Magazines, Corey Hannah Basch, Jennifer Mongiovi, Grace Clarke Hillyer, Danna Ethan, Rodney Hammond

Publications and Research

Background: Traditional cigarette advertising has existed in the US for over 200 years. Studies suggest that advertising has an impact on the initiation and maintenance of smoking behaviors. In recent years, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) emerged on the market as an alternative to the traditional tobacco cigarette. The purpose of this study was to describe advertisements in popular US magazines marketed to women for cigarettes and e-cigarettes.

Methods: This study involved analyzing 99 issues of 14 popular US magazines marketed to women.

Results: Compared to advertisements for traditional cigarettes, advertisements for e-cigarettes were more often found in magazines geared toward the …

Insights Into The Molecular Roles Of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (Hspgs-Syndecans) In Autocrine And Paracrine Growth Factor Signaling In The Pathogenesis Of Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Rajendra Ghardbaran

Publications and Research

Syndecans (SDC, SYND) comprise a group of four structurally related type 1 transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) that play important roles in tumorigenic processes. SDCs exert signaling via their protein cores and their conserved transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains or by forming complexes with growth factors (GFs). In classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), a lymphoid neoplasm of predominantly B cell origin, SDC1 and SDC4 are the active SDCs, and a number of GF (vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, etc.) signaling pathways have been studied. However, despite extensive pre-clinical and clinical research on SDC-mediated GF signaling in many cancer types, there …

An Anthropometric Risk Index Based On Combining Height, Weight, Waist, And Hip Measurements, Nir Y. Krakauer, Jesse C. Krakauer

Publications and Research

Body mass index (BMI) can be considered an application of a power law model to express body weight independently of height. Based on the same power law principle, we previously introduced a body shape index (ABSI) to be independent of BMI and height. Here, we develop a new hip index (HI) whose normalized value is independent of height, BMI, and ABSI. Similar to BMI, HI demonstrates a U-shaped relationship to mortality in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) population. We further develop a new anthropometric risk index (ARI) by adding log hazard ratios from separate nonlinear …

Integrating Social Determinants Of Health With Treatment And Prevention: A New Tool To Assess Local Area Deprivation, Andrew R. Maroko, Thao M. Doan, Peter S. Arno, Megan Hubel, Shirley Yi, Deborah Viola

Publications and Research

We assessed the appropriate geographic scale to apply an area deprivation index (ADI), which reflects a geographic area’s level of socioeconomic deprivation and is associated with health outcomes, to identify and screen patients for social determinants of health. We estimated the relative strength of the association between the ADI at various geographic levels and a range of hospitalization rates by using age-adjusted odds ratios in an 8-county region of New York State. The 10-km local ADI estimates had the strongest associations with all hospitalization rates (higher odds ratios) followed by estimates at 20 km, 30 km, and the regional scale. …

Principles And Practices Fostering Inclusive Excellence: Lessons From The Howard Hughes Medical Institute’S Capstone Institutions, Patricia Marten Dibartolo, Leslie Gregg-Jolly, Deborah Gross, Cathryn A. Manduca, Ellen Iverson, David B. Cooke Iii, Gregory K. Davis, Cameron Davidson, Paul E. Hertz, Lisa Hibbard, Shubha K. Ireland, Catherine Mader, Aditi Pai, Shirley Raps, Kathleen Siwicki, Jim E. Swartz

Publications and Research

Best-practices pedagogy in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) aims for inclusive excellence that fosters student persistence. This paper describes principles of inclusivity across 11 primarily undergraduate institutions designated as Capstone Awardees in Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s (HHMI) 2012 competition. The Capstones represent a range of institutional missions, student profiles, and geographical locations. Each successfully directed activities toward persistence of STEM students, especially those from traditionally underrepresented groups, through a set of common elements: mentoring programs to build community; research experiences to strengthen scientific skill/ identity; attention to quantitative skills; and outreach/bridge programs to broaden the student pool. This paper …

Why Media Representations Of Corporations Matter For Public Health Policy: A Scoping Review, Heide Weishaar, Lori Dorfman, Nicholas Freudenberg, Benjamin Hawkins, Katherine Smith, Oliver Razumi, Shona Hilton

Publications and Research

Background: Media representations play a crucial role in informing public and policy opinions about the causes of, and solutions to, ill-health. This paper reviews studies analysing media coverage of non-communicable disease (NCD) debates, focusing on how the industries marketing commodities that increase NCD risk are represented.

Methods: A scoping review identified 61 studies providing information on media representations of NCD risks, NCD policies and tobacco, alcohol, processed food and soft drinks industries. The data were narratively synthesized to describe the sample, media depictions of industries, and corporate and public health attempts to frame the media debates.

Results: …

Comparative Evaluation Of Child Behavior Checklist-Derived Scales In Children Clinically Referred For Emotional And Behavioral Dysregulation, Efstathios Papachristou, Kurt Schulz, Jeffrey Newcorn, Anne-Claude V. Bedard, Jeffrey M. Halperin, Sophia Frangou

Publications and Research

Background: We recently developed the Child Behavior Checklist-Mania Scale (CBCL-MS), a novel and short instrument for the assessment of mania-like symptoms in children and adolescents derived from the CBCL item pool and have demonstrated its construct validity and temporal stability in a longitudinal general population sample.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of the 19-item CBCL-MS in a clinical sample and to compare its discriminatory ability to that of the 40-item CBCL-dysregulation profile (CBCL-DP) and the 34-item CBCL-Externalizing Scale.

Methods: The study sample comprised 202 children, aged 7–12 years, diagnosed with DSM-defined attention deficit …

Association Of A Pai-1 Gene Polymorphism And Early Life Infections With Asthma Risk, Exacerbations, And Reduced Lung Function, Seong H. Cho, Jin-Young Min, Dong Young Kim, Sam S. Oh, Dara R. Torgerson, Maria Pino-Yanes, Donglei Hu, Saunak Sen, Scott Huntsman, Celeste Eng, Harold J. Farber, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Jose R. Rodriguez-Santana, Denise Serebrisky, Shannon M. Thyne, Luisa N. Borrell, L. Keoki Williams, William Dupont, Max A. Seibold, Esteban G. Burchard, Pedro C. Avila, Rajesh Kumar

Publications and Research

Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is induced in airways by virus and may mediate asthmatic airway remodeling. We sought to evaluate if genetic variants and early life lower respiratory infections jointly affect asthma risk.

Methods We included Latino children, adolescents, and young adults aged 8–21 years (1736 subjects with physician-diagnosed asthma and 1747 healthy controls) from five U.S. centers and Puerto Rico after excluding subjects with incomplete clinical or genetic data. We evaluated the independent and joint effects of a PAI-1 gain of function polymorphism and bronchiolitis / Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) or other lower respiratory infections (LRI) within the …

Alzheimer-Related Protein Apl-1 Modulates Lifespan Through Heterochronic Gene Regulation In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Collin Y. Ewald, Vanessa Marfil, Chris Li

Publications and Research

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-associated disease. Mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) may be causative or protective of AD. The presence of two functionally redundant APP-like genes (APLP1/2) has made it difficult to unravel the biological function of APP during aging. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains a single APP family member, apl-1. Here, we assessed the function of APL-1 on C. elegans’ lifespan and found tissue-specific effects on lifespan by overexpression of APL-1. Overexpression of APL-1 in neurons causes lifespan reduction, whereas overexpression of APL-1 in the hypodermis causes lifespan extension by repressing the function of the heterochronic …

Statistical Learning In Specific Language Impairment And Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis, Rita Obeid, Patricia J. Brooks, Kasey L. Powers, Kristen Gillespie-Lynch, Jarrad A. G. Lum

Publications and Research

Impairments in statistical learning might be a common deficit among individuals with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Using metaanalysis, we examined statistical learning in SLI (14 studies, 15 comparisons) and ASD (13 studies, 20 comparisons) to evaluate this hypothesis. Effect sizes were examined as a function of diagnosis across multiple statistical learning tasks (Serial Reaction Time, Contextual Cueing, Artificial Grammar Learning, Speech Stream, Observational Learning, and Probabilistic Classification). Individuals with SLI showed deficits in statistical learning relative to age-matched controls. In contrast, statistical learning was intact in individuals with ASD relative to controls. Effect sizes did …

Polycations. 23. Antimicrobial Surfaces For Prevention Of Pathogen Transmission, Robert Engel, Karin Melkonian, Jay Ho, Jaime Lee Iolani Rizzo

Publications and Research

The continued evolution of bacterial and fungal species poses a significant difficulty for the treatment of disease of microbial origin. Given this situation, the prevention of transmission of such microbial diseases becomes of increasing importance. Efforts of this laboratory have been directed toward the destruction of microbial species on environmental surfaces as a prophylaxis toward infection, and we herein report on the efficacy of a system that demonstrates activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. We report specifically herein on the use of fabric materials so activated for the destruction of these microbial species, useful for …

Anomaly Detection In Host Signaling Pathways For The Early Prognosis Of Acute Infection, Kun Wang, Stanley Langevin, Corey S. O'Hern, Mark D. Shattuck, Serenity Ogle, Adriana Forero, Juliet Morrison, Richard Slayden, Michael G. Katze, Michael Kirby

Publications and Research

Clinical diagnosis of acute infectious diseases during the early stages of infection is critical to administering the appropriate treatment to improve the disease outcome. We present a data driven analysis of the human cellular response to respiratory viruses including influenza, respiratory syncytia virus, and human rhinovirus, and compared this with the response to the bacterial endotoxin, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Using an anomaly detection framework we identified pathways that clearly distinguish between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients infected with the four different respiratory viruses and that accurately diagnosed patients exposed to a bacterial infection. Connectivity pathway analysis comparing the viral and bacterial diagnostic …

Variation In Physician Practice Styles Within And Across Emergency Departments, Jessica Van Parys

Publications and Research

Despite the significant responsibility that physicians have in healthcare delivery, we know surprisingly little about why physician practice styles vary within or across institutions. Estimating variation in physician practice styles is complicated by the fact that patients are rarely randomly assigned to physicians. This paper uses the quasi-random assignment of patients to physicians in emergency departments (EDs) to show how physicians vary in their treatment of patients with minor injuries. The results reveal a considerable degree of variation in practice styles within EDs; physicians at the 75th percentile of the spending distribution spend 20% more than physicians at the 25th …