Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of The Cooper Wellness Program In Promoting Long- Term Lifestyle Behavior Changes, Ernesto P. S. Medina Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Most research on health behavior change programs examines their effectiveness in producing initial behavior changes, but fails to evaluate long-term maintenance of those changes. This study examined the effectiveness of the Cooper Wellness Program (CWP) in Dallas, Texas, in promoting maintenance of lifestyle behavior changes for one year or longer in the areas of diet, exercise, and stress management.

The CWP offers an intensive live-in lifestyle behavior modification program in four-, seven-, or 13-day formats. Data were collected from 223 individuals who attended the CWP between January, 1989, to February, 1992. The study addressed the following areas: 1) long-term maintenance …

Aerotaxis In Bacillus Subtilis, Laurence Samuel Wong

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

B. subtilis, like Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, responded to a step increase in oxygen concentration by swimming smoothly (~ 35 s duration) and to a decrease in oxygen by tumbling. In a spatial gradient of oxygen in liquid media, a band of cells congregated near the air interface. Aerotaxis required a functioning respiratory chain. Adaptation of B. subtilis, E. coli and S. typhimurium to media containing amino acids requires methylation of receptors/methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins. Adaptation to oxygen and phosphotransferase sugar substrates in B. subtilis was dependent on methylation, unlike similar adaptation in E. coli and S. typhimurium. …

Interleukin 1-Beta In Symptomatic And Asymptomatic Human Periradicular Lesions, Gerald C. Lim

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Interleukin 1-Beta has been shown to be a potent mediator of bone resorption and has been implicated in resorption in periradicular lesions. In this study we compared the local concentrations of IL-1β in symptomatic and asymptomatic human periradicular lesions. Periradicular tissues from patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions were obtained and stored at -70°C. Pulpal tissues from unerupted third molars and chronically inflamed gingival tissues were also obtained and used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Tissue samples were homogenized, and supernatants were assayed for IL-1β by ELISA. Significantly higher levels of IL-1β were found in symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions …

A Study Of Crown And Root Angulation On Maxillary First And Second Bicuspids, Craig A. Chamberlain

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Pre-adjusted bracket systems offer the clinician the convenience of working with both fewer in number and smaller in magnitude adjustments of an archwire. The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the normal variations in crown angulation of individual maxillary bicuspids, in a simulated flat plane of occlusion, and how this relates to marginal ridge discrepancies. A second purpose of this study was to examine these same teeth for the angulations of the roots. Fifty maxillary first bicuspids and thirty eight second bicuspids from the Loma Linda University Dental School restorative dentistry department were, in a flat plane …

Caffeine And Nicotine : A Review Of Their Combined Use, Interactive Effects And The Impact Of Caffeine Abstinence On Tobacco Cessation And Withdrawal, John A. Swanson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

There is good epidemiologic support to suggest a strong significant relationship between coffee consumption and smoking. In six epidemiological studies reviewed and analyzed, 86.4% of smokers consumed coffee versus 77.2% of nonsmokers. Seventeen experimental studies suggest that the phannacologic effect of caffeine in coffee may be partially but not totally responsible for the relationship. The behavioral relationship appears to be supported by conditioning, a reciprocal interaction (caffeine intake increases anxiety/arousal - nicotine decreases it), and combined effects of third variables (e.g., stress, alcohol).

In abstinent smokers, caffeine plasma levels increase, remain elevated for as long as six months and may …

Suppressive Effects Of Transforming Factor-Β And Interleukin-10 On The Cytolytic Activity Of Murine Macrophages And Reversal By Cytokines, Chin-Hung Lin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In this study, the suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on peritoneal macrophage killing of H238 target cells and the potential for reversal of the immunosuppressive effect by IL-4 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were investigated. The responsiveness of naive and peptone-activated macrophages was compared. The cytolytic activity for tumor cells of these effector cells was measured by percent lysis of ³H-thymidine labeled Herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed tumor cells (H238). After 18-24 hours of incubation with TGF-β or IL-10, the cytolytic activity of macro-medium alone. The immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β or IL-10 on non-activated macrophages was …

Soft Tissue Changes Of The Lower Lip Following Isolated Mandibular Advancement Osteotomies, Ronald Roy A. Simus

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the soft tissue changes that occur following isolated mandibular advancement surgery. A sample of 70 non-growing patients were examined by tracing pre and post-operative radiographs. Then various landmarks were chosen and hand measured to determine hard and soft tissue changes. Significant correlations were found for many of the horizontal and vertical tissue landmarks and weaker correlations for all other landmarks. The decrease in the interlabial gap and the angular changes in the lower lip reflect the direction of surgical movement. The data from this study supports previous studies of smaller sample sizes …

Thymic Peptide Modulates Glutathione Redox Cycle And Antioxidant Enzymes In Macrophages, Choon Sil Park

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effect of a 6-kDa thymic peptide (TP) on the oxidative burst of a murine macrophage cell line J774 was determined. TP (12.5-200 μg/ml) was incubated with 5 x 10⁵ J774 cells at 37° C and 5% C0₂ for 18 h and oxidative burst was triggered by zymosan; chemiluminescence was amplified by luminol and measured in an automated luminometer. TP exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of oxidative burst. To study the mechanisms involved in TP’s inhibition of oxidative burst, its effect on the glutathione (GSH) redox cycle, GSH biosynthesis, and antioxidant enzymes was investigated. TP was shown to increase …

An Evaluation Of Surface Enamel Damage Following The Debonding Of Ceramic Brackets : A Follow-Up Study, C. Steven Edney

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Surface enamel damage was evaluated after debonding ceramic brackets on forty-four bicuspid teeth. These teeth had been previously bonded with two different types of ceramic brackets. One of the brackets utilized a mechanical base for retention and the other bracket utilized a polycarbonate base for retention. The brackets were bonded to the respective teeth for a total of seven to ten days. After debonding, the teeth were extracted and evaluated with a scanning electron microscope. A metal bracket SEM scan was used for a control. The study concluded that: 1) all brackets alter the surface enamel, 2) metal brackets cause …

Assessment Of The Accuracy Of Three Methods Of Computerized Growth Prediction Of The Soft Tissue Profile, In Untreated Individuals, Pat Diciccio

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was performed to determine the accuracy and reliability of the long range growth predictions for profile structures by three computer software systems (QuickCeph™ for Apple Macintosh™ systems. Rocky Mountain Data Systems™ for IBM™ mainframe systems, and Facial Print™ for IBM™ personal computers), on untreated individuals. The total sample consisted of 90 Caucasian children from the Burlington Growth Centre. These were subdivided into groups of 15 children in each of mesiofacial, dolichofacial, and brachyfacial growth types for both males and females, with Angle class I occlusions, normal overbite, and normal overjet. Points measured consisted of 14 skeletal and soft …

Evaluation Of Trismus Associated With Mandibular Fractures As It Relates To The Need For Direct Laryngoscopy And Intubation : A Prospective Study, Stephen T. Goei

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Trismus associated with mandibular fractures is thought to increase the risks of general anesthesia. Nasotracheal intubation is necessary since the dental arches will be occluded at the end of the procedure. To establish an airway, an awake nasal intubation or fiberoptic endoscopy is required if direct laryngoscopy cannot be performed due to trismus. A prospective analysis of fifty-one patients with various types of mandibular fractures indicated that trismus was for the most part due to two factors, pain induced guarding and infection. In this series, direct laryngoscopy was easily performed after induction and paralyzation in cases without infection. Direct laryngoscopy …

The Impact Of A Primary Health Care Training Program On Morbidity In Kiyeyi, Rural Uganda, 1986-1991 : An Evaluation Of The Uganda-Finland Health Care Program, Marja-Leena Salin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study examines the effects of primary health care education efforts in reducing the disease case rates of acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea, malnutrition and measles in a rural Ugandan population between 1986 and 1991.

The intervention, a health education program offered by the Kiyeyi Health Center staff, consisted of a 12-week intensive training for community health workers and traditional birth attendants. Follow-up and supervision took place at regular intervals and continuing education was arranged every other year. Beginning in 1986, this training program was introduced in the first of seven clusters of villages, then expanded successively on an annual basis …

A Non-Human Primate Model For Evaluating A Fenestration Corticotomy Technique, Philip G. M. Khng

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A study model has been designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new fenestration corticotomy procedure in two non-human primates Macaca fasicularis.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new conservative corticotomy procedure to facilitate dental translation using fenestrations. This pilot study compared treatment and control quadrants of each individual animal's maxilla and mandible with both having the same retraction appliance and force on the 2nd premolar following extraction of the 1st molars. The null hypothesis stated that there was no significant statistical difference between the new conservative corticotomy procedure (fenestrations) when compared with …

Diet And Colon Cancer Risk In The Population Of Thailand, Nithat Sirichotiratana

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Epidemiological studies have emphasized environmental influences, especially a diet high in animal fat and low in fiber, as major risk factors for colon cancer. In order to examine the relationship between dietary fat and fiber and occurrence of colon cancer, patient medical records from the National Cancer Institute between 1981-1991 were used for the first hospital-based case-control study of diet and colon cancer in Thailand. These records included a total of 168 cases and 357 controls. Data on the frequency consumption of various food items were obtained by using an existing food frequency questionnaire, completed as part of patient’s history …

Self-Efficacy And Self-Care In The Hypertensive Female Patient, Robert Davis Lutz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study focused upon physician/patient interaction as it pertains to patient involvement in personal health-care planning decision making, and self-care. The study was a multi-intervention trial that allowed for testing the effectiveness of two instruments used separately or simultaneously, in combination. Participants were 73 female patients, ages 41 to 76, diagnosed with essential hypertension and requiring medication for control.

Patients were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) a control group that was given no intervention, 2) a Pre-Knowledge Intervention (PKI) group that was given an interactive treatment plan with foreknowledge of what their physicians would probably do at their next …

Effects Of Dietary Calcium And Fasting On Osteoclast Recession And Recruitment In Calcium Deficient Rats, Kenneth R. Wright

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The osteoclast, a multinucleated giant cell, has as its role the resorption of bone matrix with consequent release of calcium. The osteoclast is thought to derive from a pluripotent stem cell which also gives rise to monocytes and macrophages. The development, activation, and inhibition of osteoclasts are influenced by a number of systemic and local factors. The release of these factors is influenced by changes in the dietary status of the animal. Calcium deficiency is known to stimulate the recruitment and activity of large numbers of osteoclasts. These osteoclasts can subsequently be inhibited by increasing dietary calcium intake. Disappearance of …

An In Vitro Study Comparing The Conventional Step-Back Instrumentation Technique To A Combination Step-Back/Ultrasonic Technique, James A. Eberhardt

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cleaning and shaping the root canal system is an important phase of endodontic therapy, and must be performed thoroughly and completely if successful root canal therapy is to be expected. A number of investigators have compared different methods of cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the conventional step-back technique with that of a combination step-back/ultrasonic technique. This combination technique is a modification of the conventional step-back technique using an ultrasonic instrument alternately with hand instrumentation. Utilizing 40 canals from extracted human mandibular molar teeth with a curvature …

Neurophysiologic Bases For Abnormal Muscle Coactivation Patterns In Hemiparetic Stroke, Julius P.A. Dewald

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

To study disturbed muscle activation patterns in hemiparetic stroke, the EMG activity in spastic-paretic and contralateral elbow muscles of 10 stroke subjects were compared during graded directionally varying voluntary isometric contractions. We observed significant shifts in the peak EMG angle and increases in the angular range of EMG activity in the impaired upper limb. Furthermore, we observed stereotypic coactivation of many muscles acting at the same joint or at different joints across all subjects.

The effect of elbow angle changes on muscle coactivation patterns was studied by examining isometric torque-angle relations under passive and active conditions in 8 stroke subjects. …

A Shear Bondstrength Evaluation Of Five Orthodontic Light-Cured Adhesives, Perry M. Unruh

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In this study, the shear bondstrengths of five commercially available orthodontic light-cured adhesives were evaluated with respect to two types of curing lights and various cure-times. A total of 160 Transcend brackets (mechanical retention) were utilized. The brackets were individually bonded to knurled stainless steel testing rings via the respective adhesives. Each bracket was sheared from the testing ring using an Instron machine. For each adhesive a 2, 5, 10, and 20 second cure-time, and an immediate, 5 minute, 20 minute, and 24 hour shear test time was employed. The adhesives were cured using high intensity and low intensity visible …

Development Of Periapical Lesions In Immunosuppressed Rats, Phillip A. Waterman Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The pathogenesis of periapical lesions is the interaction of the oral flora with the existing host defenses. The role of bacteria has been established in endodontic disease but the contribution of the host defenses in periapical lesion formation is less clear. The purpose of this study was to compare periapical lesion development in immunosuppressed rats with that in normal rats. Thirty-five, eight-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into seven groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were given weekly injections of Cytoxan, an immunosuppressive agent. Groups 4, 5, and 6 received no immunosuppressive therapy. Group 7 served as a control, …

Antibacterial Effects Of Various Endodontic Irrigants And Medicaments On Selected Anaerobic Bacteria, Patrick K. Ohara

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was undertaken to determine the antibacterial effects of various endodontic irrigants and medicaments against six selected anaerobic bacteria. In part 1, the organisms were mixed separately with dilutions of six irrigants in tubes containing fluid thioglycolate broth and allowed to remain in contact for specific time periods before being evaluated for growth. In part 2, the vapors of six medicaments were tested using agar plates streaked with the bacteria.

For part 1, the six irrigants were ranked as to their ability to inhibit bacterial growth. Statistical analysis showed that chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide were significantly more effective as …

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 Expression In Developing Ovine Teeth As Visualized By In Situ Hybridization, Søren Jepsen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Recently we demonstrated that human dentin contained relatively high amounts of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) and proposed that dentin TGF-ß originated from odontoblasts. Because of the suggested role of TGF-ß in mediating cellular interactions in dental cell development by paracrine mechanisms, we studied the expression of TGF-ß message in developing teeth by in situ hybridization. 5 µm serial sections of neonatal sheep mandibular third molars that had been fixed in glutaraldehyde and paraffin-embedded were used for in situ analysis. An [³⁵S]-labeled cRNA probe, complementary to TGF-ß1 mRNA, was constructed from human TGF-ß1 cDNA. Northern analysis of total …

A Pilot Study On The Evaluation Of Short Term Effects Of Jasper Jumper Therapy, Eric D. Fraser

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained for ten patients treated with Jasper Jumper appliances from three locations. Pre and post-appliance measurements were compared to determine the cephalometric effects seen in this group of patients. All patients in this study exhibited mesofacial to brachyfacial growth patterns and were all of growing age. All patients were treated to Class I along the complete buccal segment. The results yielded the following conclusions: 1) the facial axis did not open and the lower face height did not increase significantly for this group of patients, 2) there is an intrusive effect delivered to the upper first …

Retrofilling Materials : The Effects Of Two Setting Times On The Degree Of Dye Leakage Of Retrograde Filling Materials, Robert K. Higa

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Sealing of the root canal system is usually accomplished by the conservative endodontic approach. Cases where it is impossible to treat nonsurgically are usually treated surgically by an apicoectomy and retrofill. There is a lot of controversy in the literature over which retrofilling material is closest to ideal. Presently, the most popular materials seem to be Amalgam, Super EBA, and IRM. For this reason, these materials were chosen for this study to evaluate the leakage potential at two different time intervals to see if setting time of the material had any influence on the amount of leakage.

Seventy extracted single …

Modulation Of Rat Hepatic S9-Dependent Mutagenesis, Dna Binding, And Metabolism Of Aflatoxin B1 And Benzo[A]Pyrene By Four Chinese Medicinal Herbs, Brian Yuen Yau Wong

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Extracts of the herbs Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) and Scutellaria barbata (SB) have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver, lung and rectal tumors while extracts of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Ligustrum lucidum (LL) are often used as adjuncts in cancer therapy. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous extracts of these four herbs on aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol (BaP 7,8-DHD) and benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-induced mutagenesis, mediated by enzymes in rat hepatic 9000 x g supernatant (S9), in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. We also studied the effects of these four herbs on …

Cortisol In The Ovine Fetus : Its Regulation And Role In Parturition, Ede Marie Apostolakis

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In fetal sheep, circulating cortisol increase during late gestation to abruptly rise 72 hours preceding birth. Although the surge in cortisol is thought to initiate the endocrine cascade which triggers parturition, it is not known what drives the prepartum rise in fetal cortisol. The first study tested the hypothesis that basal cortisol secretion is regulated by adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) which in turn, is controlled by arginine vasopressin (AVP). The fetus challenged with AVP increased plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations. Pretreatment with an AVP V₁ receptor antagonist blocked AVP-induced plasma ACTH cortisol but failed to alter basal ACTH or cortisol. To …

Ability Of Cylindrical Root Form Implants To Withstand Controlled Lateral Forces, Silvio Emanuelli

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The ability of root form implants to withstand lateral forces has been investigated in animal model. Two new techniques for quantification of forces generated by a loading device have been developed and tested. The strain gages bonded to the loading device were calibrated either intraorally by a micro load cell, or in laboratory by Instrom Machine.

Preliminary results indicate that laterally applied continuous forces up to 6,000 grams do not elicit failure of root form implants.

Shared Responsibility For Medication Use : An Experiment, Marjorie Tessner

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Medication adherence is an important part of effective therapy for gastrointestinal disease. Theory has suggested that the more involved the individual is in their care the more adherent they will be to their medication regime. However, such management is often complicated by patient psychological factors, health beliefs, self-efficacy, and lack of knowledge about medication.

In this experimental study of the impact of shared responsibility for medication use: an experiment, 60 patients from four ethnic groups were randomly assigned to three groups of 20 each: 1) routine discharge medication group, 2) formal education group, and 3) self medication and shared responsibility …

Identified Barriers To Well Child Care For Homeless Children Under Age Thirteen, Judith G. Riemer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to identify barriers perceived by homeless families to well child care for their children under age thirteen and to determine if there is a relationship between perceived barriers and duration of homelessness. Using an investigator-modified version of Melnyk's Barriers Scale and a demographic measure, a convenience sample of homeless families (N = 53) from three transitional shelters in two southern California counties were surveyed via questionnaire. Barriers to well child care for homeless children were identified. No relationship was determined to exist between duration of homelessness and perceived barriers using a measurement of correlation.

New In Vivo And In Vitro Techniques For Quantification Of Lateral Force Levels That Cause Implants To Fail : A Progress Report On Monkey Research, V. Leroy Leggitt

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Two new techniques for quantification of forces generated by an expansion screw apparatus placed between pairs of cylindrical endosseous titanium implants are described, along with preliminary data gained from their use in Macaca rhesus monkeys. Strain gages were bonded to the expansion apparatus and were calibrated either directly by micro load cell, or indirectly by Instron Machine to reflect the applied force.

Immediate loads of up to 6 kilograms have been applied to the implants with no increase in mobility as verified by a Periotest device. No previous studies on the orthodontic uses of implants have evaluated in vivo forces …