Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Relationship Of Tooth Size And Arch Form To Arch Depth, Harold C. Avila

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of arch form and tooth size to arch depth measurements of study models (Casts) and their respective lateral cephalometric radiographs (Radiographs) in a population of patients treated to an acceptable occlusion without extraction. One hundred and twenty casts were divided into three tooth size classes within each of four arch form categories. Results showed there was a statistically significant change in the arch depth measurement when tooth size was varied. There was no statistically significant change in the arch depth measurement when arch form was varied. The results showed greater …

The Influence Of Low Dietary Fat Intake On Incidence And Severity Of Migraine Headache, Zuzana Bic

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Migraine headaches are a common and debilitating syndrome causing untold suffering and loss of productivity. A review of the literature indicates that there are two primary factors involved in triggering these headaches: high levels of blood lipids and high levels of free fatty acids. Under these conditions platelet aggregability is increased, which is associated with decreases in serotonin and heightened prostaglandins levels. These conditions may produce vasodilation, the most immediate precursor to migraine headache. A high fat diet is one factor that may directly affect this process. This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of dietary fat intake on …

Change In Bracket Bond Strength And Enamel Calcium : Due To Repeated Bonding With Conventional And Resinomer Glass Ionomer Cements, David L. Wilkinson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Glass ionomers chemically and mechanically bond to enamel. Repeated bonding may deplete calcium in enamel and reduce the bond strength. Seventy-five non-carious molars were randomly divided into three equal groups and metal brackets were bonded with either Ketac-Cem, Photac-Bond, or Fuji Ortho LC. The samples were stored in 100% humidity at 37° C for 7 days then shear/peel tested with an Instron machine. New brackets were repeatedly cemented with the same cement to the same tooth and shear/peel tested a total of five times. After each shear/peel test the tooth with the mean bond strength from each cement was set …

An Animal Model For Development Of Pulpal Inflammation, John W. Masters

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Several animal models have been proposed to develop pulpal inflammation. Procedures recommended in these models have many variables and have not produced consistent results. The purpose of this study was to create pulpal inflammation using the Nd:YAG laser.

Forty-five cuspids of 12-18 month old beagle dogs were lased at 5, 7.5, and 10 watts (W) for 20 seconds with a 600 micron contact probe. Five cuspids were not lased but were used as controls. Following laser application, the teeth were extracted at intervals of 3, 7, and 30 days. They were then fixed in 10% formalin, decalcified, sectioned, and stained …

A New Soft Tissue Analysis : To Establish Facial Esthetic Norms In Young Adult Females, Anne Béress

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Two hundred and fifty-five articles, books, and masters theses were reviewed for the most frequently applied soft tissue measurements in the literature in order to develop a new soft tissue analysis computer program that includes established soft tissue measurements and the newly developed globe analysis. A meta analysis of 20 normal occlusion studies, was performed to obtain mean values and standard deviations to form a large sample size. Inclusion criteria for articles in the meta analysis were normal occlusion, no orthodontic treatment, pleasing faces, statement on age, race, and lip position of the population. For the lateral view, angular and …

Negotiating The Healthy Self: A Theory Of Health Behavior In Older Adults, Barbara Schwitz White

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Researchers have identified discrete behaviors of older persons to maintain or improve health and prevent or treat illness. Few have developed theories of health behavior specific to this population. The purpose of this study was to develop a substantive theory to explain how health and illness are integrated into and influence behaviors in the daily lives of community-residing older persons. Using grounded theory design and analysis, 26 participant observations involving 186 individual encounters, and seven semistructured [sic] one-on-one interviews were conducted at two senior centers in urban southern California, between 1992 and 1994.

Informants defined health in terms of physiologic …

Periodontal Repair In Dogs : Effect Of Recombinant Human Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 On Guided Tissue Regeneration, Saghi Shayan Razi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The objective of this study was to evaluate bone and cementum regeneration in the critical size, supraalveolar, periodontal defect model following surgical implantation of recombinant human transforming growth factor beta-1 (rhTGFß-1) in conjunction with guided tissue regeneration (GTR). Five male beagle dogs were used in a split-mouth design. Alternate jaw quadrants in consecutive animals received GTR with rhTGFß-1 in a resorbable calcium carbonate carrier. Contralateral jaw quadrants received GTR with carrier only (control). The healing interval was 4 weeks. Clinical healing was generally uneventful, however, minor membrane exposures were observed for both treatments with limited gingival inflammation. All defects with …

In Vitro Plaque Formation On Orthodontic Resin Sealants, Leland W. Pack

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to examine in vitro plaque formation on sealant coated enamel. The plaque growth on different types of sealants placed on enamel was compared to each other and to an unsealed enamel control. The antimicrobial properties of sealants were also studied.

Sealant coated bovine enamel disks were immersed in a S. mutans culture medium for four days. The amount of bacterial plaque formation was quantified by removing the deposit, suspending it in solution with subsequent serial dilution. Aliquots of the dilutions were then spread on blood agar plates and incubated for 48 hours. The number …

The Effect Of Guidor™ And Hop-1 On Hard Tissue Healing : Following Periradicular Surgery In Cats, Hugh Maguire

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the resorbable membrane Guidor™ and the osteogenic protein hOP-1 on hard tissue healing following periradicular surgery in cats.

Surgical endodontic therapy was performed on the maxillary canine teeth of twelve cats. After orthograde root canal therapy, flap reflection, osteotomy, resection of the root end, root end cavity preparation and the placement of a root end filling, eight of the surgical sites were treated with Guidor™ and eight with hOP-1. The remaining eight sites received no further treatment and served as controls.

The animals were sacrificed at twelve weeks following …

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins And Periodontal Repair, Michael B. Lee

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

For over thirty years now, research has been carried out to isolate and purify bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), a substance which has been shown to induce heterotopic bone formation in various animal species. Recent advances in the fields of developmental biology, molecular biology and genetics, have shown that the BMPs not only are responsible for postfetal bone induction (including normal bone remodeling, healing and repair), but are also critical during embryogenesis - not only in regards to the skeletal system, but quite possibly in the morphogenesis and pattern formation of other tissues and organs as well.

Due to their bone …

The Effects Of Lowering Cholesterol On Vasodilation, Maria Christi Hardt

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Endothelial dysfunction has been found prior to any signs of atherosclerotic plaque formation in patients with a variety of risk factors for atherosclerosis. Elevated serum cholesterol has repeatedly been associated with endothelial dysfunction as demonstrated by impaired vasoreactivity to vasodilating stimuli.

The aim of this research was to determine whether short term lowering of serum cholesterol levels by life style changes or by cholesterol lowering medication could reverse or reduce the endothelial dysfunction. The brachial artery diameter was measured by high-resolution ultrasound at rest and during reactive hyperemia pre and postintervention. Fifty-three subjects with cholesterol levels above 240 mg/dl were …

Treatment Effects Of The Edgewise Bioprogressive Herbst Appliance, Bernard C. Chang

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effect of the Edgewise Bioprogressive Herbst appliance, as described by Dr. Terry Dischinger, was investigated on 24 Class II, Division 1 malocclusions. Mean pretreatment age of this sample was 11.2 months. All patients were treated by Dischinger with a Bioprogressive Herbst appliance. Lateral cephalographs taken before, after Herbst appliance therapy, and after edgewise treatment were traced, then digitized into Quick Ceph™. Measurements were computed by the computer software. The following results were found: 1) Average treatment time was 9 months. 2) An overcorrected Class I relationship was achieved. 3) Class II malocclusion was corrected by 4.5 mm skeletal alteration …

The Accuracy Of Computer Video Imaging Prediction : Just Prior To Surgical Mandibular Advancement/Genioplasty Orthognathic Cases, Jason T. Chiakowsky

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The accuracy of the computer video imaging treatment prediction was investigated using Quick Ceph Image.™ Thirty one surgical mandibular advancement/genioplasty orthognathic cases were examined to determine if the soft tissue profile prediction was representative of the actual result. All patients were over the age of 18. Lateral cephalographs and slides were taken immediately pre-surgically, and six months post-surgically. The slides were duplicated into 4X6 photographs. The cephalographs were digitized and the photographs captured by video on the Quick Ceph Image software program. A line drawing and computer video image treatment prediction were generated using the actual surgical change that had …

Pediatric Intensive Care Nurses : Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Like Symptoms, Juanita J. Allen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Medical personnel are not only exposed to routine pressures of demanding roles, but research reveals that they can suffer from severe stress related to exposure to critical incidents. These events can overwhelm an individual's ability for emotional adjustment leading to negative symptoms such as emotional numbing, mood changes, estrangement from friends or family, decreased ability to perform or function on the job, development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, loss of work through attrition, and depression. Contact with seriously injured children or children who have died has been shown to constitute just such a critical incident for pre-hospital care personnel …

Mutagenecity Of Formocresol, Glutaraldehyde, Ferric Sulfate And Aluminum Chloride : Materials Used In Therapeutic Pulpotomies, Adolfo Barrera

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Ferric sulfate (Astringedent) and aluminum chloride (Hemodent) have been proposed as possible medicaments for use in primary teeth for therapeutic pulpotomies.

There is little information in the literature about the biologic properties of these medicaments.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic response of the ferric sulfate and aluminum chloride and compare them with glutaraldehyde (1.5%, 1% and 0.5% concentration) and formocresol (2%, 0.75%, 0.01% and 0.005% concentration). TA98 and TA1535 strain were used in the Ames test to assess mutagenecity. Neither ferric sulfate nor aluminum chloride exhibited mutagenic potential, in comparison with glutaraldehyde and formocresol, which …

Association Between Nutrient Intake And Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease In California Seventh-Day Adventists, Peter Pribiš

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Dietary habits are believed to be major determinants of risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Studies of high and low risk populations have suggested several nutrients to be protective or hazardous against CHD. Most published work since 1984 on diet and CHD in the Adventist Health Study (AHS) population examined either foods or food groups. This study investigated ten nutrients as exposure variables and their relationship to CHD risk. A cohort of 23,616 nonsmoking, non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists was followed for six years beginning in 1976. Extensive dietary information was collected at baseline, as well as values of traditional …

Current Theories On The Cell Biology Associated With Tooth Movement, Mohamadreza Yazdi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This article discusses the current information on the mechanism of the biological signaling that takes place to bring about orthodontic tooth movement.

Currently, there are two general theories as to how orthodontic mechanical force is translated to biologically meaningful signals for the cells of the periodontium. These include a cellular-humoral response and a bioelectric response.

There are various mechanisms utilized by the cells of the periodontium to bring about the cellular-humoral response. These include: The activation of the cells of the immune system to synthesize and release specific chemicals (cytokines) which affect cell function, direct effects of mechanical force on …

Mandibular Asymmetry In Unilateral Class Ii Malocclusion : A Cephalometric Study, Raed Z. Moussa

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study is to evaluate skeletal and dental asymmetry in unilateral class II malocclusion. A study group of 25 unilateral subdivision patients was compared to 25 class I malocclusion patients serving as the control group. Submento-vertical and frontal radiographs were used for the evaluation. Symmetry was evaluated by comparing measurements between right and left sides for both groups and matching the middle points with the midsagittal axis. Statistical paired and simple t-test were used to evaluate the difference between the two sides for both groups. The measurements showed no significant skeletal and dental asymmetries except for three …

An Immediate Implant Stability And Pull-Out Study Comparing Two Different Surgical Techniques : Conventional Drilling Versus Trabecular Compaction : A Pilot Study, Yong Chang Choi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Poor bone quality at an implant site and the lack of initial implant immobilization are considered the two main factors for first stage implant failure. Modalities are needed to improve the initial stability of implants in poor bone quality situations. The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate implant stability and the pull-out force of implants placed in fresh frozen human alveolar jaw bones by two different surgical techniques: 1) a conventional drilling technique and 2) a trabecular compaction technique. The initial lateral stability (assessed by Periotest values, PTVs), the uniaxial pull-out force (measured by Instron machine) and …

Alveolar Bone And Cementum Regeneration Following Periodontal Reconstructive Therapy : A Review Of Histologic Observations In Man And Experimental Animals, Karen E. Rodden

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Periodontal regeneration includes the formation of both alveolar bone and cementum. Studies reporting histologic evidence of healing following periodontal reconstructive therapy were reviewed to determine whether regeneration of these structures improves with increasing healing interval, and whether they regenerate independently or whether regeneration of one structure is dependent upon regeneration of the other. Additionally, the review addresses whether specific reconstructive modalities predictably yield increased amounts of regeneration. Differences in regenerative potential between humans, nonhuman primates, and canines were also examined. Results of over a decade of studies of periodontal reconstructive therapy were tabulated by family (human, nonhuman primate, and canine) …

Evaluation Of Nitric Oxide In Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Kimberly S. Myruski

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Little is known of the effects of low concentrations of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on pulmonary mechanics and lung volumes in premature newborn infants with lung disease. Cardiopulmonary function tests including blood gas analyses were obtained from eleven premature lamb models with respiratory distress syndrome to determine if compliance, airways resistance, tidal volume, functional residual capacity, and gas exchange were affected. The effect of inhaled NO on the direction of shunting through the ductus arteriosus was determined using echocardiography.

Twin lambs were cannulated with arterial and venous catheters and intubated with an endotracheal tube before delivery on gestational day 126-130 …

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Parents Of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients, Carol Farr

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) produces cognitive, behavioral, and affective deficits with resulting problems such as improper social behavior, increased aggression, emotional, personality and characterological changes. The impact upon the survivor, the sibling, as well as the parental subsystem has been well documented in the literature. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been diagnosed in several different types of trauma survivors, although rarely have individual psychological symptoms been studied in parents.

This research examined the possible vulnerability factors that are associated with TBI and their potential influence upon PTSD symptomology. Questionnaires were mailed to 266 parents of TBI patients with a response …

Regulation Of The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System By Retinoic Acid In Human Osteoblast Cells, Yuehua Zhou

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Retinoic acid (RA) is an important regulator of growth and differentiation in many cell types, including bone. However, its effects on human osteoblast cell growth and differentiation have not been well studied. Therefore, I investigated the effect of RA on proliferation and differentiation of normal human bone cells (HBCs) and human osteosarcoma, SaOS-2 cells. RA decreased baseline as well as serum-stimulated proliferation in normal HBCs. To determine the effect of RA on differentiation, expression of several osteoblastic differentiation markers were studied. RA decreased type I procollagen mRNA levels and l,25(OH)₂D₃-stimulated osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA …

Predicting Intentions Of Physical Therapy Students To Practice Primary Prevention, Sharon Potter Anderson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Physical therapy (PT) has traditionally been a hands-on, tertiary-care field. Although the American Physical Therapy Association has mandated a broader perspective, little primary prevention is yet being reported in the U. S. An attitude change toward prevention must occur if physical therapists can be expected to become involved in preventive physical therapy. The purpose of this project was to determine predictors of physical therapy student intention to perform primary prevention with a questionnaire based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior. The theory uses attitude, subjective norm and perceived control to predict intention based on beliefs and strength of beliefs in …

Examination Of The Predictive Validity Of Risk Assessment Screening, Patricia Mary Morressy

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Child Protective Services ( CPS) have been under growing pressure to implement risk assessment systems over the past ten years (Dueck, H. J., English, D.J., Depanfilis, and Moote, G.T. (1993). This emphasis has come largely from the increasing number of reported allegations of child abuse and neglect (Doueck, et. al.) However, increasingly individuals involved in custody battles use the CPS reporting system to retaliate against one another. Because these reported cases require the action of CPS, the increase in allegations has overburdened the system. As a result, resources have diminished and challenges to screeners to make accurate risk assessments have …

Factors Associated With Successful Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance In Women, Renie Del Ponte

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Abundant literature exist on interventions for weight loss documenting the existence of a weight loss maintenance problem (Wadden & Bell, 1990; Kay man et al., 1990; Wadden et al., 1989). Very few individuals are successful at maintaining their weight loss for at least two years for reasons that are not clearly understood. This retrospective study examined factors, identified in a review of the scientific literature, shown to be associated with weight loss maintenance. A screening questionnaire was presented to all female patients (n=271) entering physician offices for routine health maintenance care from February 1, 1994 through June 30, 1994. Fifty-three …

Space Closure Efficiency With Modified Ceramic Brackets : A Comparative Study, Kirk A. Specht

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine if the rate of extraction site closure was determined by the type of ceramic bracket used. A new ceramic bracket with a metal archwire slot was compared with a conventional ceramic bracket. Twenty patients were randomly assigned the metal slot ceramic bracket and conventional ceramic to one half of their maxillary arch respectively. The distribution was even left and right.

Retraction was started and completed on an 0.016" stainless steel round continuous archwire. One hundred gram sentalloy springs provided a uniform retraction force and were reactivated every four weeks to maintain a …

Ornithine Decarboxylase And Polyamines In Perinatal Hypoxia, Satyaseelan Packianathan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Hypoxic and hypoxic/ischemic episodes contribute to various neurological aberrations, learning disabilities, et cetera in surviving infants. Despite major advances in understanding the pathophysiology of hypoxia, the cellular basis for hypoxic-mediated injury remains poorly understood. In addition, the role of developmentally essential enzymes vis á vis their contributions, or lack thereof, to hypoxic-mediated injury has not been adequately investigated. In the series of studies comprising this dissertation, we tested the hypothesis that acute and/or chronic hypoxia affect the activity of omithine decarboxylase (ODC; E.C. 4.1.1.17), the developmentally essential enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, in the fetal and newborn rat brain. Fetal and …

Periodontal Repair In Dogs : Evaluation Of Rhbmp-2 Carriers, Lauralee Nygaard

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study evaluated candidate carriers for recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in periodontal reconstructive surgery.

Canine demineralized bone matrix (DBM), bovine inorganic crystallene bone matrix (Bio-Oss), bovine derived microfibrillar collagen matrix (Helistat), poly (D,L-lactide-coglycolide) micropaiticles (PLGA), and polylactic acid granules (Drilac) were used with rhBMP-2 (20 (µg/100 µl implant volume) in routine critical size canine supraalveolar periodontal defects. Contralateral defects in six beagle dogs were randomly assigned to receive: DBM/rhBMP-2, DBM-control, Bio-Oss/rhBMP-2, Helistat/rhBMP-2, PLGA/rhBMP-2, or Drilac/rhBMP-2, all with autologous blood except for Helistat and PLGA. Animals were sacrificed eight weeks post-surgery and block sections of the defects were processed …

The Rotations Of Maxillary Molars, Mandibular Molars, And Maxillary First Premolars In Acceptable Occlusions, G. Kristian Hansen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The rotation of the maxillary molars is considered important in the orthodontic treatment of malocclusions. In this study a computer analysis program was developed to examine the rotations of maxillary molars, mandibular molars, and maxillary first premolars in casts of permanent dentitions with acceptable occlusions. Ninety three sets of untreated "acceptable occlusion" models from the collection of the Foundation for Orthodontic Research (FOR) were scanned on a flat bed scanner at 600 dots per inch (dpi). The images were analyzed using custom software on a computer. Measurements were made by relating maxillary first permanent molars to the midline, the archform, …