Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Positive Clinical Outcomes Are Synergistic With Positive Educational Outcomes When Using Telehealth Consulting In General Practice: A Mixed-Methods Study, Patricia J. Knight-Billington, Andrew D. Bonney, Greg Teuss, Michelle Guppy, Danielle Y. Lafferre, Judy Mullan, Stephen Barnett

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: The use of telehealth technology to enable real-time consultations between patients and specialist services (to whom travel may be an impediment to the patient's care) has recently been encouraged in Australia through financial incentives. However, the uptake has been both fragmented and inconsistent. The potential benefits for patients include access to a broader range of specialist referral services, cost and time saving, and more rapid access to specialist services and a continuum of care through the triangulation of interaction between patient, primary health care providers (general practitioners and nurses), and specialists. Enhanced broadband connectivity and higher-grade encryption present an …

Earliest Hominin Occupation Of Sulawesi, Indonesia, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh, Bo Li, Adam R. Brumm, Rainer Grün, Dida Yurnaldi, Mark W. Moore, Iwan Kurniawan, Ruly Setiawan, Fachroel Aziz, Richard G. Roberts, - Suyono, Michael Storey, Erick Setiabudi, Michael J. Morwood

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Sulawesi is the largest and oldest island within Wallacea, a vast zone of oceanic islands separating continental Asia from the Pleistocene landmass of Australia and Papua (Sahul). By one million years ago an unknown hominin lineage had colonized Flores immediately to the south1, and by about 50 thousand years ago, modern humans (Homo sapiens) had crossed to Sahul2, 3. On the basis of position, oceanic currents and biogeographical context, Sulawesi probably played a pivotal part in these dispersals4. Uranium-series dating of speleothem deposits associated with rock art in the limestone karst region of Maros in southwest Sulawesi has revealed that …

Barricades And Brickwalls - A Qualitative Study Exploring Perceptions Of Medication Use And Deprescribing In Long-Term Care, Anna Palagyi, Lisa Keay, Jessica Harper, Jan M. Potter, Richard I. Lindley

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background The co-administration of multiple drugs (polypharmacy) is the single most common cause of adverse drug events in the older population, and residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are at particularly high risk of medication harm. 'Deprescribing' - the withdrawal of an inappropriate medication with goal of managing polypharmacy and improving outcomes - may improve the quality of life of LTCF residents. The RELEASE study sought to explore perceptions of medication use and the concept of deprescribing in LTCFs. Methods Focus groups and interviews were conducted with General Practitioners (GPs), pharmacists, nursing staff, residents and their relatives within three LTCFs …

Evaluating Women's Knowledge Of The Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill In An Australian Rural General Practice Setting, Sharna Kulhavy, Teresa M. Treweek

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: In addition to the contraceptive action of the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), there are a number of other benefits to its use such as menstrual cycle regulation. However, COCP use is also associated with a higher risk of thromboembolism. Despite the prevalence of COCP use, studies have indicated that overall women have poor knowledge of the COCP.

Aim: To evaluate women's knowledge of the COCP in a rural general practice setting. The extent of knowledge was assessed in several domains including: COCP use and effectiveness, mechanism of action, and the risks and benefits of COCP use. …

On The Spatial Organization Of Mrna, Plasmids, And Ribosomes In A Bacterial Host Overexpressing Membrane Proteins, Lieke A. Van Gijtenbeek, Andrew Robinson, Antoine M. Van Oijen, Bert Poolman, Jan Kok

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

By using fluorescence imaging, we provide a time-resolved single-cell view on coupled defects in transcription, translation, and growth during expression of heterologous membrane proteins in Lactococcus lactis. Transcripts encoding poorly produced membrane proteins accumulate in mRNA-dense bodies at the cell poles, whereas transcripts of a well-expressed homologous membrane protein show membrane-proximal localization in a translation-dependent fashion. The presence of the aberrant polar mRNA foci correlates with cessation of cell division, which is restored once these bodies are cleared. In addition, activation of the heat-shock response and a loss of nucleoid-occluded ribosomes are observed. We show that the presence of a …

Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Bacterial And Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activities Of Two Isoquinoline Alkaloids-Scoulerine And Cheilanthifoline, Phurpa Wangchuk, Thanapat Sastraruji, Malai Taweechotipatr, Paul A. Keller, Stephen G. Pyne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Corydalis plants containing isoquinoline alkaloids are reported to possess promising pharmacological properties for the treatment of important diseases including cancer, inflammation, Alzheimer's disease and microbial infections. As part of a wider program investigating Bhutanese medicinal plants, we have previously identified eight isoquinoline alkaloids from C. dubia. Out of these, we report here on two of the major alkaloids, scoulerine (1) and cheilanthifoline (2) and their inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE), tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti TNF-α) and a bacterial strain, Helicobacter pylori. Both alkaloids showed weak anti TNF-α and antibacterial activities. However, the anti-AChE activity of scoulerine (1) was …

A Concise Synthesis Of Furo[3,2-C]Coumarins Catalyzed By Nanocrystalline Znzr4(Po4)6 Ceramics Under Microwave Irradiation, Javad Safaei-Ghomi, Pouria Babaei, Hossein Shahbazi-Alavi, Stephen G. Pyne, Anthony C. Willis

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A simple and concise method catalyzed by nanocrystalline ZnZr₄(PO₄)₆ ceramics has been reported for the synthesis of a series of trans-2-benzoyl-3-(aryl)-2H-furo[3,2-c]chromen-4(3H)-ones using a multicomponent reaction of 2,4′-dibromoacetophenone, benzaldehydes and 4-hydroxycoumarin under microwave irradiation. This method provides several advantages including easy workup, excellent yields, short reaction times, using of microwave as clean method, recoverability of the catalyst and little catalyst loading.

The Discovery Of Allyltyrosine Based Tripeptides As Selective Inhibitors Of The Hiv-1 Integrase Strand-Transfer Reaction, Neal Dalton, Christopher P. Gordon, Timothy Boyle, Nicholas Vandegraaff, John Deadman, David I. Rhodes, Jonathon A. Coates, Stephen G. Pyne, Paul A. Keller, John B. Bremner

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

From library screening of synthetic antimicrobial peptides, an O-allyltyrosine-based tripeptide was identified to possess inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase (IN) exhibiting an IC₅₀ value of 17.5 μM in a combination 3′-processing and strand transfer microtitre plate assay. The tripeptide was subjected to structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies with 28 peptides, incorporating an array of natural and non-natural amino acids. Resulting SAR analysis revealed the allyltyrosine residue was a key feature for IN inhibitory activity whilst incorporation of a lysine residue and extended hydrophilic chains bearing a terminal methyl ester was advantageous. Addition of hydrophobic aromatic moieties to the N-terminal of …

A Self-Determination Theory Perspective On The Motivation Of Pre-Registration Nursing Students, Anita Cregan, Dana J. Perlman, Lorna Moxham

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Research of current and past literature has identified an increasing shortage of mental health nurses, currently employed, within the Australian healthcare system. Strikingly more alarming is the rising number of mental health consumers; both with a lived experience and those with a current mental illness. This diversity between mental health nurses and mental health consumers only serves to increase the stigma and discrimination whilst further defining the barrier consumers experience when accessing health care services. This paper investigates how an innovative clinical placement, based on personal recovery and grounded in tenets of Self-Determination Theory of human behaviour, can influence the …

P2x7 Receptor Activation Causes Phosphatidylserine Exposure In Canine Erythrocytes, Megan Faulks, Tracey A. Kuit, Reece Sophocleous, Belinda L. Curtis, Stephen J. Curtis, Lisa M. Jurak, Ronald Sluyter

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

AIM To determine if activation of the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor channel induces phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in erythrocytes from multiple dog breeds. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 25 dogs representing 13 pedigrees and seven crossbreeds. ATP-induced PS exposure on canine erythrocytes in vitro was assessed using a flow cytometric Annexin V binding assay. RESULTS ATP induced PS exposure in erythrocytes from all dogs studied. ATP caused PS exposure in a concentrationdependent manner with an EC50 value of 395 μmol/L. The non-P2X7 agonists, ADP or AMP, did not cause PS exposure. The P2X7 antagonist, AZ10606120, but not the P2X1 antagonist, NF449, …

Climatic Controls On The Global Distribution, Abundance, And Species Richness Of Mangrove Forests, Michael Osland, Laura Feher, Kereen Griffith, Kyle Cavanaugh, Nicholas Enwright, Richard Day, Camille Stagg, Ken W. Krauss, Rebecca Howard, James Grace, Kerrylee Rogers

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Mangrove forests are highly productive tidal saline wetland ecosystems found along sheltered tropical and subtropical coasts. Ecologists have long assumed that climatic drivers (i.e., temperature and rainfall regimes) govern the global distribution, structure, and function of mangrove forests. However, data constraints have hindered the quantification of direct climate-mangrove linkages in many parts of the world. Recently, the quality and availability of global-scale climate and mangrove data have been improving. Here, we used these data to better understand the influence of air temperature and rainfall regimes upon the distribution, abundance, and species richness of mangrove forests. Although our analyses identify global-scale …

Raising Awareness Of Research Evidence Among Health Professionals Delivering Dementia Care: Are Knowledge Translation Workshops Useful?, Belinda J. Goodenough, Richard Fleming, Michael Young, Kim Burns, Cindy Jones, Fallon M. Forbes

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Providing information about the latest research via educational sessions to health professionals caring for people with dementia may be insufficient to drive change. This project explored self-reported impacts on practice change of adding information about knowledge translation (KT) to a national dementia education program. Six national workshop days were held. Each provided the option of participating in a Principles of KT and innovation implementation seminar in addition to a clinical topic update (sexualities and dementia, or managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia). Six months postworkshop, 321 participants were invited to complete a research utilization survey. Seventy-five responded. KT seminar …

Isolation And Structural Analysis Of The Covalent Adduct Formed Between A Bis-Amino Mitoxantrone Analogue And Dna: A Pathway To Major-Minor Groove Cross-Linked Adducts, Shyam K. Konda, Celine Kelso, Jelena Medan, Brad E. Sleebs, Don R. Phillips, Suzanne M. Cutts, J Grant Collins

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The major covalent adduct formed between a ¹³C-labelled formaldehyde activated bis-amino mitoxantrone analogue (WEHI-150) and the hexanucleotide d(CG^5MeCGCG)₂ has been isolated by HPLC chromatography and the structure determined by NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate that WEHI-150 forms one covalent bond through a primary amine to the N-2 of the G₂ residue, with the polycyclic ring structure intercalated at the ^5MeC₃pG₄/G₁₀p^5MeC₉ site. Furthermore, the WEHI-150 aromatic ring system is oriented approximately parallel to the long axis of the base pairs, with one aliphatic side-chain in the …

Medication Management For People Living With Dementia: Development And Evaluation Of A Multilingual Information Resource For Family Caregivers Of People Living With Dementia, Robyn Gillespie, Pippa Burns, Lindsey Harrison, Amanda Ann Baker, Khin Than Win, Victoria Traynor, Judy Mullan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The aim of this chapter is to describe the development and evaluation of an online multilingual information resource focused on medication management, targeting people living with dementia and their family caregivers. Maintaining effective medication management is important to allow ongoing quality of life within the community setting and avoiding medication-related preventable hospitalisations for the person living with dementia. Family caregivers are likely to assume the role of medication management on behalf of the person in their care as dementia progresses. Little training or information is available to family caregivers to assist them with this role. A pilot online information resource …

Baseline Characteristics Associated With Different Bmi Trajectories In Weight Loss Trials: A Case For Better Targeting Of Interventions, Marijka Batterham, Linda C. Tapsell, Karen E. Charlton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background/Objectives: Dietary weight loss interventions have heterogeneous outcomes in long-term studies, with many participants regaining part or all of the lost weight. Growth mixture modelling is a novel analytic approach that can be used to identify different trajectories of weight change during a trial rather than focussing on the total amount of weight lost. Subjects/Methods: Data were pooled from two 12-month dietary weight loss studies where no significant difference was detected between the treatment and control arms, thus allowing analysis independent of treatment. The data set included 231 subjects (74.5% female), with a mean weight loss of 6.40 kg (4.96). …

The Expanding Role Of Urban Fluvial Geomorphology: South Creek, Stephanie J. Kermode, Phillip Birtles, Geoff Vietz, Stephen Lynch, Jonathon Dixon, Carl Tippler, Michael Dean

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

As aspirations for waterways in urban areas increases, and we demand more social and environmental values from them, an increased role exists for applied geomorphology in urban streams of the future. Previously, there has been a strong focus on flood mitigation and water quality in stream management, and even where geomorphology has been used to drive legislation (e.g. stream order, offsets), desired outcomes have not always been achieved. Understanding how physical attributes of channels are altered by urbanisation, and how the physical template and waterways can assist in achieving aspirational goals, is now central to urban landscape managers and planners. …

Do Introduced Honeybees Affect Seed Set And Seed Quality In A Plant Adapted For Bird Pollination?, Amy-Marie Gilpin, Justin C. Collette, Andrew J. Denham, Mark K. J Ooi, David J. Ayre

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aims: Worldwide, evidence suggests that exotic pollinators can disrupt plant mating patterns. However, few studies have determined if pollination by the honeybee Apis mellifera (the world's most widely introduced pollinator) reduces offspring quality when compared with pollination by native birds. The Australian Proteaceae provide an excellent opportunity to test the impact of honeybees in pollination systems that are adapted to birds and non-flying mammals.

Methods: We compared the frequency of flower visitation and foraging behaviour of birds and insects within seven populations of Banksia ericifolia. Banksia ericifolia is hermaphroditic and has large nectar-rich, orange inflorescences typical of bird and mammal …

Palladium (Ii) - Catalyzed C3-Selective Friedel-Crafts Reaction Of Indoles With Aziridines, Jiexiang Yin, Christopher J. T Hyland

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The [PdCl₂(MeCN)₂]-catalyzed C3-selective Friedel-Crafts reaction of 2,2-disubstituted and 2-aryl-N-tosylaziridines with indoles is reported. For the 2,2-disubstituted substrates, [PdCl₂(MeCN)₂] alone, without any ancillary ligands, is an efficient catalyst for the ring-opening reaction. The presence of 1,4-benzoquinone as an additive was found to enhance the ring-opening reaction of the less-reactive 2-arylaziridines. This reaction displayed a broad substrate scope with respect to the indole substrate and is operationally simple. Finally, when 1,3-dimethylindole was employed as a substrate, the de-aromatized pyrroloindoline product was obtained in high yield and good diastereoselectivity.

Seasonal And Long Term Variations Of Surface Ozone Concentrations In Malaysian Borneo, Mohd Talib Latif, Doreena Dominick, Fatimah Ahamad, Nur Shuhada Ahamad, Md Firoz Khan, Liew Juneng, Chung Jing Xiang, Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir, Andrew D. Robinson, Marzuki Ismail, Mohammed Iqbal Mead, Neil R. P Harris

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Malaysian Borneo has a lower population density and is an area known for its lush rainforests. However, changes in pollutant profiles are expected due to increasing urbanisation and commercial-industrial activities. This study aims to determine the variation of surface O₃ concentration recorded at seven selected stations in Malaysian Borneo. Hourly surface O₃ data covering the period 2002 to 2013, obtained from the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE), were analysed using statistical methods. The results show that the concentrations of O₃ recorded in Malaysian Borneo during the study period were below the maximum Malaysian Air Quality Standard of …

First-Stage Development And Validation Of A Web-Based Automated Dietary Modeling Tool: Using Constraint Optimization Techniques To Streamline Food Group And Macronutrient Focused Dietary Prescriptions For Clinical Trials, Yasmine Probst, Evan Morrison, Emma Sullivan, Hoa K. Dam

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

No abstract provided.

A Teaching Model For Health Professionals Learning Reflective Practice, Joanne T. Joyce-Mccoach, Kylie Smith

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The aim of this work was to use the theory and concepts of critical reflection in the development of a teaching model to enhance the learning approach to reflective practice for health professionals. The results of this initial stage of a larger project have identified the key challenges for health professionals learning about reflective practice. From the literature a model for teaching critical reflection was conceptualized. It begins with an exploration of self and values, moves students through a dialogue with peers, and explores the social and historical contexts of practice. Conclusions drawn from this work show that despite the …

Celebrating International Collaboration: Reflections On The First Virtual International Practice Development Conference, Moira Stephens, Jan Dewing, Angela M. Brown, Rebekkah Middleton, Victoria M. Neville

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This article reports on the first Virtual International Practice Development Conference, held in May 2015 to celebrate International Nurses Day. The article describes key aspects of its planning, offers a flavour of the event itself and sets out an evaluation, including learning points and recommendations to assist with planning similar events in the future. Central to our learning are:

• The need for practice developers to grasp skills in technology associated with virtual space
• The need to embrace virtual space itself as another means by which creative and communicative spaces can be established for active learning and practice development activities
• The …

Many People In Scotland Now Benefit From Anticipatory Care Before They Die: An After Death Analysis And Interviews With General Practitioners, Julia Tapsfield, Charlie Hall, Carey Lunan, Hazel Mccutcheon, Peter Mcloughlin, Joel J. Rhee, Alfonso Leiva, Juliet Spiller, Anne Finucane, Scott Murray

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background Key Information Summaries (KIS) were introduced throughout Scotland in 2013 so that anticipatory care plans written by general practitioners (GPs) could be routinely shared electronically and updated in real time, between GPs and providers of unscheduled and secondary care. Aims We aimed to describe the current reach of anticipatory and palliative care, and to explore GPs' views on using KIS. Methods We studied the primary care records of all patients who died in 2014 in 9 diverse Lothian practices. We identified if anticipatory or palliative care had been started, and if so how many weeks before death and which …

Rural Health Professionals' Experiences In Implementing Advance Care Planning: A Focus Group Study, Sophie Fletcher, Craig Sinclair, Joel J. Rhee, Desiree Goh, Kirsten Auret

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Advance care planning (ACP) is described as an ongoing discussion between a patient, their family and healthcare professionals (HCPs) to understand a patient's wishes for future health care. Legislation supporting ACP in Western Australia is relatively new and HCPs are still learning about the process and implementation. This study aimed to provide a rich description of rural health professionals' perceptions and experiences with ACP within the context of their professional role and to identify systemic issues and training needs. Ten focus groups were conducted throughout 2014 with a total of 55 rural participants including general practitioners (n≤15), general practice registrars …

Prevalence Of Constipation In Patients With Advanced Kidney Disease, Anna Lee, Kelly Lambert, Pauline Byrne, Maureen A. Lonergan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: For people on peritoneal dialysis (PD), constipation is associated with technique failure. For those on haemodialysis (HD), constipation has been associated with a reduction in quality of life. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the prevalence of functional constipation; (ii) compare patient perception of constipation with Rome III criteria for functional constipation; (iii) describe the prevalence of constipation and stool form using Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS); (iv) determine differences in bowel habit and stool form between those on dialysis compared to pre-dialysis; and (v) determine the diagnostic accuracy of self-perception and the Rome III …