Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Supporting Self-Management For Patients With Interstitial Lung Diseases: Utility And Acceptability Of Digital Devices, Shima Aran, Orest O Kayder, Teena Chopra, Hani Abujudeh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

On December 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration issued the first emergency use authorization for a vaccine for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report development of superficial thrombophlebitis in the ipsilateral breast of a 43-year-old female 7 days after receiving the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Given that this is the first case of superficial thrombophlebitis in the breast shortly after mRNA vaccination for COVID-19 reported to our knowledge, we suggest that this may be a rare vaccine-related event.

Aapm Task Group Report 303 Endorsed By The Abs: Mri Implementation In Hdr Brachytherapy-Considerations From Simulation To Treatment, Joann Prisciandaro, Jacqueline Esthappan Zoberi, Gil'ad Cohen, Yusung Kim, Perry Johnson, Eric Paulson, William Song, Ken-Pin Hwang, Beth Erickson, Sushil Beriwal, Christian Kirisits, Firas Mourtada

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The task group (TG) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) implementation in high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT)-Considerations from simulation to treatment, TG 303, was constituted by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine's (AAPM's) Science Council under the direction of the Therapy Physics Committee, the Brachytherapy Subcommittee, and the Working Group on Brachytherapy Clinical Applications. The TG was charged with developing recommendations for commissioning, clinical implementation, and on-going quality assurance (QA). Additionally, the TG was charged with describing HDR BT workflows and evaluating practical consideration that arise when implementing MR imaging. For brevity, the report is focused on the treatment of gynecologic …

Hepatic Recruitment Of Eosinophils And Their Protective Function During Acute Liver Injury, Long Xu, Yang Yang, Yankai Wen, Jong-Min Jeong, Christoph Emontzpohl, Constance L Atkins, Zhaoli Sun, Kyle L Poulsen, David R Hall, J Steve Bynon, Bin Gao, William M Lee, Jody Rule, Elizabeth A Jacobsen, Hua Wang, Cynthia Ju

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Beyond the classical description of eosinophil functions in parasite infections and allergic diseases, emerging evidence supports a critical role of eosinophils in resolving inflammation and promoting tissue remodeling. However, the role of eosinophils in liver injury and the underlying mechanism of their recruitment into the liver remain unclear.

METHODS: Hepatic eosinophils were detected and quantified using flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining. Eosinophil-deficient (ΔdblGata1) mice were used to investigate the role of eosinophils in 3 models of acute liver injury. In vivo experiments using Il33

RESULTS: Hepatic accumulation of eosinophils was observed in patients with acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver …

Pulmonary Fibrosis Model Using Micro-Ct Analyzable Human Psc-Derived Alveolar Organoids Containing Alveolar Macrophage-Like Cells, Seri Choi, Jiwoong Choi, Seongmin Cheon, Jihong Song, Seung-Yeon Kim, Ji-Eun Kim, Dae-Hwan Nam, Gohar Manzar, Su-Man Kim, Hyung-Sik Kang, Kee K Kim, Sang Hoon Jeong, Ju-Han Lee, Eun-Kee Park, Minseob Lee, Hyang-Ae Lee, Ki-Suk Kim, Han-Jin Park, Won Keun Oh, Chungoo Park, Chang Hyun Lee, Eun-Mi Kim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Human lung organoids (hLOs) are useful for disease modelling and drug screening. However, a lack of immune cells in hLOs limits the recapitulation of in vivo cellular physiology. Here, we generated hLOs containing alveolar macrophage (AMφ)-like cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSC). To bridge hLOs with advanced human lung high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT), we acquired quantitative micro-CT images. Three hLO types were observed during differentiation. Among them, alveolar hLOs highly expressed not only lung epithelial cell markers but also AMφ-specific markers. Furthermore, CD68

Changes Of Brain Function In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Measured By Different Analysis Methods: A New Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis Of Neuroimaging, Ze-Yang Li, Teng Ma, Ying Yu, Bo Hu, Yu Han, Hao Xie, Min-Hua Ni, Zhu-Hong Chen, Yang-Ming Zhang, Yu-Xiang Huang, Wen-Hua Li, Wen Wang, Lin-Feng Yan, Guang-Bin Cui

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Neuroimaging meta-analysis identified abnormal neural activity alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but there was no consistency or heterogeneity analysis between different brain imaging processing strategies. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine consistent changes of regional brain functions in T2DM

METHODS: Since the indicators obtained using varied post-processing methods reflect different neurophysiological and pathological characteristics, we further conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) of the two categories of neuroimaging literature, which were grouped according to similar data processing methods: one group included regional homogeneity (ReHo), independent component analysis (ICA), and degree centrality (DC) studies, while …

Mir-103-3p Promotes Hepatic Steatosis To Aggravate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease By Targeting Of Acox1, Jiexia Ding, Caixia Xia, Panpan Cen, Siying Li, Lifei Yu, Jing Zhu, Jie Jin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, and alterations in miRNA expression are related to the development of NAFLD. However, the role of miRNAs in regulating the development of NAFLD is still poorly understood.

METHODS: We used qRT-PCR to detect the level of miR-103-3p in both cell and mouse models of NAFLD. Biochemical assays, DCF-DA assays, Oil red O staining and HE staining were used to detect the role of miR-103-3p in NAFLD development. Target genes of miR-103-3p were predicted using the TargetScan database and verified by qRT-PCR, western blot and dual-luciferase assays. …

Vorinostat Combined With Busulfan, Fludarabine, And Clofarabine Conditioning Regimen For Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation In Patients With Acute Leukemia: Long-Term Study Outcomes, Gheath Alatrash, Chantal Saberian, Roland Bassett, Peter F Thall, Celina Ledesma, Yoshimi Lu, May Daher, Benigno C Valdez, Jitesh Kawedia, Uday Popat, Rohtesh Mehta, Betul Oran, Yago Nieto, Amanda Olson, Paolo Anderlini, David Marin, Chitra Hosing, Amin M Alousi, Elizabeth J Shpall, Gabriela Rondon, Julianne Chen, Muzaffar Qazilbash, Richard E Champlin, Partow Kebriaei

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Conditioning regimens play a major role in determining disease outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The use of i.v. busulfan (Bu) as part of conditioning chemotherapy has been shown to be effective in controlling disease relapse; however, disease relapse remains a major cause of death following allo-HSCT. This study was conducted to determine the long-term outcomes of vorinostat with i.v. Bu plus dual nucleoside analogs clofarabine (Clo) and fludarabine (Flu) in the conditioning regimen for patients undergoing allo-HSCT. This was a rapid dose escalation phase I/II study designed to determine whether the addition of vorinostat would improve the …

Geriatric Cardiology: Coming Of Age, Parag Goyal, Min Ji Kwak, Christina Al Malouf, Manish Kumar, Namit Rohant, Abdulla A Damluji, Quin E Denfeld, Kim K Bircher, Ashok Krishnaswami, Karen P Alexander, Daniel E Forman, Michael W Rich, Nanette K Wenger, James N Kirkpatrick, Jerome L Fleg

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) contend with deficits across multiple domains of health due to age-related physiological changes and the impact of CVD. Multimorbidity, polypharmacy, cognitive changes, and diminished functional capacity, along with changes in the social environment, result in complexity that makes provision of CVD care to older adults challenging. In this review, we first describe the history of geriatric cardiology, an orientation that acknowledges the unique needs of older adults with CVD. Then, we introduce 5 essential principles for meeting the needs of older adults with CVD: 1) recognize and consider the potential impact of multicomplexity; 2) …

Discovery Of A Drug To Treat Airway Mucus Hypersecretion, Burton F Dickey, Ying Lai, Manfred Frick, Axel T Brunger

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Antibody Evasion By Sars-Cov-2 Omicron Subvariants Ba2121, Ba4 And Ba5, Qian Wang, Yicheng Guo, Sho Iketani, Manoj S Nair, Zhiteng Li, Hiroshi Mohri, Maple Wang, Jian Yu, Anthony D Bowen, Jennifer Y Chang, Jayesh G Shah, Nadia Nguyen, Zhiwei Chen, Kathrine Meyers, Michael T Yin, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Zizhang Sheng, Yaoxing Huang, Lihong Liu, David D Ho

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have surged notably to become dominant in the United States and South Africa, respectively1,2. These new subvariants carrying further mutations in their spike proteins raise concerns that they may further evade neutralizing antibodies, thereby further compromising the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic monoclonals. We now report findings from a systematic antigenic analysis of these surging Omicron subvariants. BA.2.12.1 is only modestly (1.8-fold) more resistant to sera from vaccinated and boosted individuals than BA.2. However, BA.4/5 is substantially (4.2-fold) more resistant and thus more likely to lead to vaccine breakthrough infections. Mutation at spike …

A Case Report Of Successful Physiological Pacing In A Patient With Lamin A/C Cardiomyopathy, Nitin Chandra Mohan, Paul Foley, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Lamin A/C (LMNA) mutations account for 5-8% of familial dilated cardiomyopathies, and can manifest with conduction abnormalities and ventricular arrhythmias in 78% of patients. Therefore, when suspected, it is important to implant the correct type of device.

CASE SUMMARY: A 52-year-old gentleman with a family history of cardiomyopathy, presented with asymptomatic atrial fibrillation and complete atrioventricular block associated with a narrow QRS interval. Investigations confirmed dilated and severely impaired left ventricular systolic function. He underwent successful conduction system pacing in combination with a primary prevention defibrillator. Genetic screening confirmed LMNA cardiomyopathy. During 3 years follow up, his left ventricular …

Insulin Resistance In Depression: A Large Meta-Analysis Of Metabolic Parameters And Variation, Brisa S Fernandes, Estela Salagre, Nitesh Enduru, Iria Grande, Eduard Vieta, Zhongming Zhao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Increased insulin resistance is recognized in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but its occurrence in depression is less clear. Our aims were to verify if insulin resistance is altered in depression, to test the metabolic subgroup hypothesis of depression and if there are changes with antidepressants. Inclusion criteria were studies including adult subjects with depression and either a control group or follow-up after treatment with antidepressants, and assessing fasting insulin or glucose levels or the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Seventy studies with 240,704 participants were included. Both insulin levels and the HOMA-IR index …

Automatic Contouring Qa Method Using A Deep Learning-Based Autocontouring System\, Dong Joo Rhee, Chidinma P Anakwenze Akinfenwa, Bastien Rigaud, Anuja Jhingran, Carlos E Cardenas, Lifei Zhang, Surendra Prajapati, Stephen F Kry, Kristy K Brock, Beth M Beadle, William Shaw, Frederika O'Reilly, Jeannette Parkes, Hester Burger, Nazia Fakie, Chris Trauernicht, Hannah Simonds, Laurence E Court

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: To determine the most accurate similarity metric when using an independent system to verify automatically generated contours.

Methods: A reference autocontouring system (primary system to create clinical contours) and a verification autocontouring system (secondary system to test the primary contours) were used to generate a pair of 6 female pelvic structures (UteroCervix [uterus + cervix], CTVn [nodal clinical target volume (CTV)], PAN [para-aortic lymph nodes], bladder, rectum, and kidneys) on 49 CT scans from our institution and 38 from other institutions. Additionally, clinically acceptable and unacceptable contours were manually generated using the 49 internal CT scans. Eleven similarity metrics …

Durable Remission In Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With One Cycle Of Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine And Two Doses Of Nivolumab And Brentuximab Vedotin, Binoy Yohannan, Adan Rios, Maximilian Buja

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

A 49-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis and chronic congestive heart failure presenting with "bulky" cervical lymphadenopathy was diagnosed with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) stage IIIB (positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan and bone marrow biopsy). She received one cycle of bleomycin, dacarbazine, and vinblastine to debulk the tumor. Given her advanced heart failure, doxorubicin was not administered. After the first cycle of chemotherapy, she was switched to nivolumab plus brentuximab vedotin (BV) and received two doses 4 weeks apart, finishing in July 2019. A restaging PET-CT in June 2019 showed a complete remission (CR). After the second …

Predictability And Stability Testing To Assess Clinical Decision Instrument Performance For Children After Blunt Torso Trauma, Aaron E Kornblith, Chandan Singh, Gabriel Devlin, Newton Addo, Christian J Streck, James F Holmes, Nathan Kuppermann, Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan, Jeffrey Fineman, Atul J Butte, Bin Yu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) has developed a clinical-decision instrument (CDI) to identify children at very low risk of intra-abdominal injury. However, the CDI has not been externally validated. We sought to vet the PECARN CDI with the Predictability Computability Stability (PCS) data science framework, potentially increasing its chance of a successful external validation.

MATERIALS & METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of two prospectively collected datasets: PECARN (12,044 children from 20 emergency departments) and an independent external validation dataset from the Pediatric Surgical Research Collaborative (PedSRC; 2,188 children from 14 emergency departments). We used PCS …

The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index As A Predictor Of Complications In Geriatric Trauma Patients: Author Reply In Response To: “The Admission Serum Level Of Albumin Cannot Thoroughly Represent The Nutritional Status Of Trauma Patients”, Heather R Kregel, Patrick B Murphy, Mina Attia, David E Meyer, Rachel S Morris, Ezenwa C Onyema, Sasha D Adams, Charles E Wade, John A Harvin, Lillian S Kao, Thaddeus J Puzio

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after trauma. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a validated scoring system used to predict the risk of complications related to malnutrition in nontrauma patients. We hypothesized that GNRI is predictive of worse outcomes in geriatric trauma patients.

METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective study of trauma patients 65 years or older admitted in 2019. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index was calculated based on admission albumin level and ratio of actual body weight to ideal body weight. Groups were defined as major risk (GNRI98). The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes …

Elucidating The Role Of Cerebellar Synaptic Dysfunction In C9orf72-Als/Ftd - A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Aleksandra Kaliszewska, Joseph Allison, Tarik-Tarkan Col, Christopher Shaw, Natalia Arias

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with synaptic dysfunction identified as an early pathological hallmark. Although TDP-43 pathology and overt neurodegeneration are largely absent from the cerebellum, the pathological hallmarks of RNA foci and dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) inclusions are most abundant. Here, we present a systematic literature search in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Science Direct up until March 5, 2021, which yielded 19,515 publications. Following the exclusion criteria, 72 articles were included having referred to C9orf72 …

An Unexpected Cause Of Vaginal Hemorrhage, Adeola Kosoko, Mutinta Chisowa

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Strategy For Generating Blinded Evidence For Single-Arm Trials With External Controls Using Expert Review Of Home Video, Bharti Manwani, Carson Finger, Lynda Lisabeth

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Stroke risk and prevalence increase with advanced age and women tend to be older than men at the time of their first stroke. Advanced age in women confers unique stroke risks that are beyond reproductive factors. Previous reviews and guidelines have largely focused on risk factors specific to women, with a predominant focus on reproductive factors and, therefore, younger to middle-aged women. This review aims to specifically describe stroke risk factors in elderly women, the population of women where the majority of strokes occur, with a focus on atrial fibrillation, hormone therapy, psychosocial risk factors, and cognitive impairment. Our review …

Tp53-Altered Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated With Firstline Bruton’S Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Based Therapy: A Retrospective Analysis, Hua-Jay J Cherng, Raamis Khwaja, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Guilin Tang, Jan Burger, Philip Thompson, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Zeev Estrov, Koji Sasaki, Deepa Sampath, Xuemei Wang, Hagop Kantarjian, Michael Keating, William G Wierda, Nitin Jain

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Long-term follow up of prospective studies has shown that continuous Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) therapy leads to durable remissions in previously untreated patients with TP53-altered chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); however, it is unknown how variant allele frequency (VAF) of TP53 mutation (TP53-m) or percentage of cells with deletion of chromosome 17p [del(17p)] influences efficacy of firstline BTKi. We performed a retrospective analysis of 130 patients with CLL with baseline del(17p) and/or TP53-m treated with BTKi with or without the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) and with or without CD20 antibody in the firstline setting. A total of 104/130 (80%) patients …

Racial And Ethnic Trends And Disparities In Nsclc, Kristin M Primm, Hui Zhao, Daphne C Hernandez, Shine Chang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Detailed evaluations of racial and ethnic trends and disparities in NSCLC outcomes are lacking, and it remains unclear whether recent advances in screening and targeted therapies for NSCLC have benefited all population groups equally.

Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18-registry data, we evaluated trends in overall and stage-specific NSCLC incidence (2007-2018) among patients aged 55 to 79 years by sex and race and ethnicity. Overall and stage-specific 2-year cause-specific survival rates were calculated by sex and race and ethnicity. Health Disparities software calculated absolute (difference) and relative (ratio) disparity measures comparing racial and ethnic groups with …

Pathways And Barriers To Careers In Academic Clinical Cancer Prevention: A Qualitative Study, Melissa Y Kok, Janelle C Chavez, Pompeyo R Quesada, Oluwapelumi T Adegoke, Shine Chang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

National surveys document steady declines over time in interest in academic medicine and cancer prevention careers (Am J Prev Med 54(3):444-8, 2018). Through interviews with 16 academic cancer prevention physicians at one comprehensive cancer center, this study identifies motivations and barriers to physician careers in academic cancer prevention and proposes recommendations to increase recruitment. Participants reported that cancer prevention was vague to them early in training, impairing career exploration. Further, without role models and opportunities to learn about cancer prevention, many were ignorant of career options. Many had incorrect views about cancer prevention practice being mainly within the scope of …

Spatial Charting Of Single-Cell Transcriptomes In Tissues, Runmin Wei, Siyuan He, Shanshan Bai, Emi Sei, Min Hu, Alastair Thompson, Ken Chen, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Nicholas E Navin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Single-cell RNA sequencing methods can profile the transcriptomes of single cells but cannot preserve spatial information. Conversely, spatial transcriptomics assays can profile spatial regions in tissue sections, but do not have single-cell resolution. Here, we developed a computational method called CellTrek that combines these two datasets to achieve single-cell spatial mapping through coembedding and metric learning approaches. We benchmarked CellTrek using simulation and in situ hybridization datasets, which demonstrated its accuracy and robustness. We then applied CellTrek to existing mouse brain and kidney datasets and showed that CellTrek can detect topological patterns of different cell types and cell states. We …

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Mapping Of Proliferation Centers Allows The Distinction Of Accelerated Phase From Large Cell Transformation In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Siba El Hussein, Pingjun Chen, L Jeffrey Medeiros, John D Hazle, Jia Wu, Joseph D Khoury

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) is characterized morphologically by numerous small lymphocytes and pale nodules composed of prolymphocytes and paraimmunoblasts known as proliferation centers (PCs). Patients with CLL can undergo transformation to a more aggressive lymphoma, most often diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), known as Richter transformation (RT). An accelerated phase of CLL (aCLL) also may be observed which correlates with subsequent transformation to DLBCL, and may represent an early stage of transformation. Distinguishing PCs in CLL from aCLL or RT can be diagnostically challenging, particularly in small needle biopsy specimens. Available guidelines pertaining to distinguishing CLL from its' …

Generation Of A Homozygous Knock-In Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Expressing Meos4b-Tagged Ctr1, Yi-Hung Chen, Pei-San Huang, Meng-Hsuan Wen, Manhua Pan, Dung-Fang Lee, Tai-Yen Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Copper transporter 1 (CTR1) is the major membrane protein responsible for cellular copper (Cu) uptake and mediates cellular copper homeostasis. To elucidate CTR1's behavior using imaging approaches, we generated a homozygous knock-in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) clone expressing photoconvertible fluorescence protein mEos4b-tagged endogenous CTR1 using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated homologous recombination. The engineered cells express functional CTR1-mEos4b fusion and have normal stem cell morphology. They remain pluripotent and can be differentiated into all three germ layers in vitro. This resource allows the study of CTR1 at an endogenous level in different cellular contexts using microscopy.

Phase Ii Study Of Durvalumab (Anti-Pd-L1) And Trametinib (Meki) In Microsatellite Stable (Mss) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Mcrc), Benny Johnson, Cara L Haymaker, Edwin R Parra, Luisa Maren Solis Soto, Xuemei Wang, Jane V Thomas, Arvind Dasari, Van K Morris, Kanwal Raghav, Eduardo Vilar, Bryan K Kee, Cathy Eng, Christine M Parseghian, Robert A Wolff, Younghee Lee, Daniele Lorenzini, Caddie Laberiano-Fernandez, Anuj Verma, Wenhua Lang, Ignacio I Wistuba, Andrew Futreal, Scott Kopetz, Michael J Overman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Monotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade is ineffective for patients (pts) with microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This study investigates whether the combination of trametinib (T) with durvalumab (D) can alter the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) by successfully priming and activating T-cells.

Methods: Open-label, single-center, phase II trial with primary endpoint of immune-related response rate for combination of T+D in refractory MSS mCRC pts (NCT03428126). T is 2 mg/day orally starting 1 week prior to D, which is given 1500 mg intravenously every 4 weeks. Simon 2-stage design used to enroll 29 pts into first stage, …

Plasma Metabolomics Analysis Of Aspirin Treatment And Risk Of Colorectal Adenomas, Elizabeth L Barry, Veronika Fedirko, Yutong Jin, Ken Liu, Leila A Mott, Janet L Peacock, Michael N Passarelli, John A Baron, Dean P Jones

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite substantial observational and experimental evidence that aspirin use can provide protection against the development of colorectal neoplasia, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved is inadequate and limits our ability to use this drug effectively and safely for chemoprevention. We employed an untargeted plasma metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectroscopy to explore novel metabolites that may contribute to the chemopreventive effects of aspirin. Associations between levels of metabolic features in plasma and aspirin treatment were investigated among 523 participants in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of two doses of aspirin (81 or 325 mg/day) and were …

Microbiome Dynamics During Chemoradiation Therapy For Anal Cancer, Daniel Lin, Molly B El Alam, Joseph Abi Jaoude, Ramez Kouzy, Jae L Phan, Jacob H Elnaggar, Brianna Resendiz, Andrea Y Delgado Medrano, Erica J Lynn, Nicholas D Nguyen, Sonal S Noticewala, Geena G Mathew, Emma B Holliday, Bruce D Minsky, Prajnan Das, Van K Morris, Cathy Eng, Melissa P Mezzari, Joseph F Petrosino, Nadim J Ajami, Ann H Klopp, Cullen M Taniguchi, Lauren E Colbert

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Patients with localized squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) who experience treatment toxicity or recurrences have few therapeutic options. Investigation into the microbiome's influence on treatment toxicity and its potential use as a predictive biomarker could improve these patients' outcomes. Our study presents the first longitudinal characterization of the SCCA tumor microbiome and its associations with treatment-related toxicities.

Methods and materials: This prospective cohort study included patients with nonmetastatic SCCA receiving standard-of-care chemoradiation therapy. Anorectal swabs of the tumor site were collected before, during, and after treatment. Patient-reported quality-of-life metrics were collected at similar time points. 16S rRNA …

Mediating And Maintaining Methylation While Minimizing Mutation: Recent Advances On Mammalian Dna Methyltransferases, Xiaodong Cheng, Robert M Blumenthal

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mammalian genomes are methylated on carbon-5 of many cytosines, mostly in CpG dinucleotides. Methylation patterns are maintained during mitosis via DNMT1, and regulatory factors involved in processes that include histone modifications. Methylation in a sequence longer than CpG can influence the binding of sequence-specific transcription factors, thus affecting gene expression. 5-Methylcytosine deamination results in C-to-T transition. While some mutations are beneficial, most are not; so boosting C-to-T transitions can be dangerous. Given the role of DNMT3A in establishing de novo DNA methylation during development, it is this CpG methylation and deamination that provide the major mutagenic impetus in the DNMT3A …

Assessing The Practicality Of Using A Single Knowledge-Based Planning Model For Multiple Linac Vendors, Raphael J Douglas, Adenike Olanrewaju, Lifei Zhang, Beth M Beadle, Laurence E Court

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Knowledge-based planning (KBP) has been shown to be an effective tool in quality control for intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment planning and generating high-quality plans. Previous studies have evaluated its ability to create consistent plans across institutions and between planners within the same institution as well as its use as teaching tool for inexperienced planners. This study evaluates whether planning quality is consistent when using a KBP model to plan across different treatment machines.

Materials and methods: This study used a RapidPlan model (Varian Medical Systems) provided by the vendor, to which we added additional planning objectives, maximum dose limits, …