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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Use And The Risk Of Acute Kidney Injury In Older Adults In Routine Clinical Practice: A Population-Based Cohort Study, Carina Iskander
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Regulatory agencies warn about acute kidney injury (AKI) risk following sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use. This population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada quantified the 90-day AKI risk in older adults who were newly dispensed either SGLT2 inhibitors or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors in an outpatient setting between 2015 and 2017. Risk ratios (RR) were obtained using modified Poisson regression and risk differences using binomial regression. Relative to new use of a DPP4 inhibitor, initiation of an SGLT2 inhibitor was associated with a lower 90-day risk of a hospital encounter with AKI: 216 events in 19,611 patients (1.10%) versus 388 …
Preventive Strategies For Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients Undergoing Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair, Michaela Fernandes
Preventive Strategies For Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients Undergoing Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair, Michaela Fernandes
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Strategies for preventing acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair were explored in a secondary data analysis of 601 patients from a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Bivariate analyses identified an association between intraoperative hypotension and postoperative AKI and suggested IV fluids as the best treatment option over inotropes/vasopressors which increased the odds of AKI (ORcrude=2.5 95%CI 1.2-5.0), however, our multivariable analysis was non-significant (ORadjusted=1.7 95%CI 0.8-3.7). Further analysis found angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker use within 24 hours prior to repair were not associated with postoperative AKI (OR …
Characteristics And Outcomes Of Patients Discharged Home From An Emergency Department With Acute Kidney Injury: A Population-Based Cohort Study, Rey Acedillo
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
We designed a population-based cohort study to describe the characteristics and outcomes of 6346 adults discharged home from an emergency department (ED) with acute kidney injury (AKI). Within 30 days of discharge, 149 (2.3%) patients died (stage 1: 2.1%, stage 2: 5.2%, and stage 3 AKI: 15.9%). We also compared 30-day mortality to patients hospitalized with AKI and patients discharged home with no AKI in two separate propensity score-matched analyses. An ED discharge versus hospitalization was associated with lower 30-day mortality (3.0% vs. 11.9%, relative risk (RR): 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21-0.30). An ED discharge home with AKI versus …
Incidence, Characteristics, And Outcomes Of Acute Kidney Injury Treated With Dialysis During Pregnancy And The Postpartum Period, Ainslie M. Hildebrand
Incidence, Characteristics, And Outcomes Of Acute Kidney Injury Treated With Dialysis During Pregnancy And The Postpartum Period, Ainslie M. Hildebrand
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (AKI) may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality in young and often otherwise healthy women. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all consecutive pregnancies between 1997 and 2011 in Ontario and describe the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of AKI treated with dialysis (AKI-D) during pregnancy or within 12 weeks postpartum. Of 1,918,789 pregnancies, 188 were complicated by AKI-D (incidence proportion: 1 per 10,000, 95% confidence interval 0.8 to 1.1). Eight women died (4.3% versus 0.01% in the general population) and seven (3.9%) survivors remained dialysis-dependent four months after delivery. The presence of AKI-D was …
Environmental Heat And Acute Kidney Injury In Older Adults: A Matched Case-Control Study, Rebecca K. Mctavish
Environmental Heat And Acute Kidney Injury In Older Adults: A Matched Case-Control Study, Rebecca K. Mctavish
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This matched case-control study examined the association between environmental heat exposure and hospital encounters with acute kidney injury (AKI) among adults, 66 years and older, in the province of Ontario, Canada. We matched 52,913 cases who had an AKI event during the warm seasons (April to September) of 2005 to 2012 with 174,222 controls who did not have an AKI event. We matched cases to controls on date, age, sex, residential status, income, and history of chronic kidney disease using a variable one to four matching ratio. We classified heat periods as three consecutive days where the 95th percentile of …
Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs And The Risk Of Acute Kidney Injury: A Population-Based Cohort Study, Yoseob Joseph Hwang
Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs And The Risk Of Acute Kidney Injury: A Population-Based Cohort Study, Yoseob Joseph Hwang
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Older adults are frequently prescribed atypical antipsychotic drugs and may be at a risk for kidney-related adverse events. This population-based retrospective cohort study examined the 90-day risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the potential reasons for AKI in 96,471 matched pairs of older adults who received and who did not receive a new atypical antipsychotic drug prescription from 2003 to 2011 in Ontario. Atypical antipsychotic drug use was associated with a higher risk of hospitalization with AKI (relative risk (RR) 2.06 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85–2.29]). The drug use was also associated with potential reasons for AKI including hypotension …
Preoperative Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use And Acute Dialysis: A Population Based Cohort Study, Mitesh K. Shah
Preoperative Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use And Acute Dialysis: A Population Based Cohort Study, Mitesh K. Shah
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use prior to major surgery is controversial. We performed a population based retrospective cohort study of 237,208 elderly patients (of whom 101,494 (42.8%) were ACEi or ARB users) who underwent major elective surgery from 1995 to 2010 in Ontario, Canada. The primary outcome was acute kidney injury treated with dialysis (AKI-D) within 14 days following surgery (810 (0.34%) patients). The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality within 90 days following surgery (11,089 (4.67%) patients). After adjusting for potential confounders, preoperative ACEi or ARB use was associated with a lower relative risk …