Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Real-World Evidence Of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel For The Treatment Of Large B Cell Lymphoma In The United States, Caron A Jacobson, Armin Ghobadi, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is a standard-of-care for patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) large B cell lymphoma who have received 2 or more lines of prior therapy. Patients receiving axi-cel in the real world could have broader a demographic, disease, and treatment profile compared with that of the cohort in the pivotal ZUMA-1 trial. The present study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of axi-cel therapy in the real-world setting. A total of 1297 patients receiving commercial axi-cel between 2017 and 2020 were selected from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research's data registry, of whom 739 (57%) …

Mild Hypothermia Fails To Protect Infant Macaques From Brain Injury Caused By Prolonged Exposure To Antiseizure Drugs, Chrysanthy Ikonomidou, Sophie H Wang, Nicole A Fuhler, Shreya Larson, Saverio Capuano 3rd, Kevin R Brunner, Kristin Crosno, Heather A Simmons, Andres F Mejia, Kevin K Noguchi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are GABA

Rapidplan Hippocampal Sparing Whole Brain Model Version 2-How Far Can We Reduce The Dose?, Hefei Liu, Ryan Clark, Anthony Magliari, Robert Foster, Francisco Reynoso, Matthew Schmidt, Vinai Gondi, Christopher Abraham, Heather Curry, Patrick Kupelian, Deepak Khuntia, Sushil Beriwal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Whole-brain radiotherapy has been the standard palliative treatment for patients with brain metastases due to its effectiveness, availability, and ease of administration. Recent clinical trials have shown that limiting radiation dose to the hippocampus is associated with decreased cognitive toxicity. In this study, we updated an existing Knowledge Based Planning model to further reduce dose to the hippocampus and improve other dosimetric plan quality characteristics. Forty-two clinical cases were contoured according to guidelines. A new dosimetric scorecard was created as an objective measure for plan quality. The new Hippocampal Sparing Whole Brain Version 2 (HSWBv2) model adopted a complex recursive …

The Nepenthesin Insert In The Plasmodium Falciparum Aspartic Protease Plasmepsin V Is Necessary For Enzyme Function, Alexander J Polino, Justin J Miller, Soumendranath Bhakat, Sumit Mukherjee, Suhas Bobba, Gregory R Bowman, Daniel E Goldberg

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Plasmepsin V (PM V) is a pepsin-like aspartic protease essential for growth of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Previous work has shown PM V to be an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protease that processes parasite proteins destined for export into the host cell. Depletion or inhibition of the enzyme is lethal during asexual replication within red blood cells as well as during the formation of sexual stage gametocytes. The structure of the Plasmodium vivax PM V has been characterized by X-ray crystallography, revealing a canonical pepsin fold punctuated by structural features uncommon to secretory aspartic proteases; however, the function of this unique …

Exposure To World Health Organization's Aware Antibiotics And Isolation Of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Giorgia Sulis, Sena Sayood, Shashi Katukoori, Neha Bollam, Ige George, Lauren H. Yaeger, Miguel A. Chavez, Emmanuel Tetteh, Sindhu Yarrabelli, Celine Pulcini, Stephan Harbarth, Dominik Mertz, Mike Sharland, Lorenzo Moja, Benedikt Huttner, Sumanth Gandra

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic use drives antibiotic resistance.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the literature and estimate associations between prior exposure to antibiotics across World Health Organization's (WHO) AWaRe categories (Access, Watch, Reserve) and isolation of critical and high-priority multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) on the WHO priority pathogen list.

DATA SOURCES: Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov (from inception to 20/08/2020).

STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Case-control, cohort, or experimental studies that assessed the risk of infection/colonization with MDROs.

PARTICIPANTS: Inpatients or outpatients of any age and sex.

INTERVENTIONS: Prior exposure to antibiotics that …

Characteristics And Patterns Of Retention In Hypertension Care In Primary Care Settings From The Hypertension Treatment In Nigeria Program, Jiancheng Ye, Mark D Huffman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: More than 1.2 billion adults worldwide have hypertension. High retention in clinical care is essential for long-term management of hypertension, but 1-year retention rates are less than 50% in many resource-limited settings.

Objective: To evaluate short-term retention rates and associated factors among patients with hypertension in primary health care centers in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria.

Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cohort study, data were collected by trained study staff from adults aged 18 years or older at 60 public, primary health care centers in Nigeria between January 2020 and July 2021 as part of the Hypertension …

Remote Symptom Monitoring Of Patients With Cancer Undergoing Radiation Therapy, Ryan Wahidi, Rachel Mintz, Temitope Agabalogun, Lindsey Mayer, Shahed Badiyan, Matthew B. Spraker

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The goal of the study was to develop and test an automated short message service (SMS) and web service platform using CareSignal for remote symptom monitoring in a diverse population of patients with cancer. Twenty-eight patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy were recruited at the start of their treatment regimen. Patients received a weekly SMS symptom survey to assess the severity of the side effects they experienced from treatment. An assessment of patient perceptions of the system in terms of patient-provider communication, feasibility, and overall satisfaction was conducted, finding overall good compliance in a sick patient population and patient willingness to …

Accumulation Of Copy-Back Viral Genomes During Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Is Preceded By Diversification Of The Copy-Back Viral Genome Population Followed By Selection, Sébastien A Felt, Emna Achouri, Sydney R Faber, Carolina B López

2020-Current year OA Pubs

RNA viruses generate nonstandard viral genomes during their replication, including viral genomes of the copy-back (cbVGs) type that cannot replicate in the absence of a standard virus. cbVGs play a crucial role in shaping virus infection outcomes due to their ability to interfere with virus replication and induce strong immune responses. However, despite their critical role during infection, the principles that drive the selection and evolution of cbVGs within a virus population are poorly understood. As cbVGs are dependent on the virus replication machinery to be generated and replicated, we hypothesized that host factors that affect virus replication exert selective …

Pregnancy Outcomes Related To The Treatment Of Sarcomas With Anthracyclines And/Or Ifosfamide During Pregnancy, Devon Miller, John A Livingston, Yeonhee Park, Kristi Posey, Sonia Godbole, Keith Skubitz, Steven I Robinson, Mark Agulnik, Lara E Davis, Brian A Van Tine, Angela C Hirbe, Amanda Parkes

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Sarcomas are rare diagnoses but are seen with relative frequency in adolescents and young adults and thus can present in pregnancy. We sought to study the administration of anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide in pregnancy-associated sarcomas.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective study, identifying sarcoma patients who received anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide during pregnancy. Chart review identified variables related to demographics, cancer diagnosis, therapies, and outcome of the patient and fetus. Wilcoxon rank-sum test compared two independent samples.

RESULTS: We identified 13 patients at seven institutions with sarcoma who received anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide during pregnancy, including four bone sarcomas and …

Consensus-Based Recommendations On Priority Activities To Address Acute Kidney Injury In Children: A Modified Delphi Consensus Statement, Stuart L Goldstein, Tara M Neumayr, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Importance: Increasing evidence indicates that acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in children and young adults and is associated with poor short-term and long-term outcomes. Guidance is required to focus efforts related to expansion of pediatric AKI knowledge.

Objective: To develop expert-driven pediatric specific recommendations on needed AKI research, education, practice, and advocacy.

Evidence Review: At the 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative meeting conducted in November 2021 by 47 multiprofessional international experts in general pediatrics, nephrology, and critical care, the panel focused on 6 areas: (1) epidemiology; (2) diagnostics; (3) fluid overload; (4) kidney support therapies; (5) biology, pharmacology, and …

Safety Experience With Continued Exposure To Ofatumumab In Patients With Relapsing Forms Of Multiple Sclerosis For Up To 3.5 Years, Stephen L Hauser, Anne H Cross, Kevin Winthrop, Heinz Wiendl, Jacqueline Nicholas, Sven G Meuth, Paul S Giacomini, Francesco Saccà, Linda Mancione, Ronald Zielman, Morten Bagger, Ayan Das Gupta, Dieter A Häring, Valentine Jehl, Bernd C Kieseier, Ratnakar Pingili, Dee Stoneman, Wendy Su, Roman Willi, Ludwig Kappos

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Ofatumumab is approved for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). Ongoing safety reporting is crucial to understand its long-term benefit-risk profile.

OBJECTIVE: Report the safety and tolerability of ofatumumab in RMS after extended treatment up to 3.5 years.

METHODS: Patients completing ASCLEPIOS I/II (phase 3), APLIOS, or APOLITOS (phase 2) trials could enter ALITHIOS, a phase 3b, open-label, long-term safety study. We analyzed cumulative data of continuous ofatumumab treatment and of patients newly switched from teriflunomide.

RESULTS: The safety population had 1969 patients: 1292 continuously treated with ofatumumab (median time-at-risk 35.5 months, 3253 patient-years) and 677 newly switched …

Efficacy And Safety Of Ofatumumab In Recently Diagnosed, Treatment-Naive Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Results From Asclepios I And Ii, Jutta Gärtner, Stephen L Hauser, Amit Bar-Or, Xavier Montalban, Jeffrey A Cohen, Anne H Cross, Kumaran Deiva, Habib Ganjgahi, Dieter A Häring, Bingbing Li, Ratnakar Pingili, Krishnan Ramanathan, Wendy Su, Roman Willi, Bernd Kieseier, Ludwig Kappos

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: In the phase III ASCLEPIOS I and II trials, participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis receiving ofatumumab had significantly better clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes than those receiving teriflunomide.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of ofatumumab versus teriflunomide in recently diagnosed, treatment-naive (RDTN) participants from ASCLEPIOS.

METHODS: Participants were randomized to receive ofatumumab (20 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks) or teriflunomide (14 mg orally once daily) for up to 30 months. Endpoints analysed post hoc in the protocol-defined RDTN population included annualized relapse rate (ARR), confirmed disability worsening (CDW), progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) and …

The Transition To Parenthood In Obstetrics: Enhancing Prenatal Care For 2-Generation Impact, Catherine Monk, Sona Dimidjian, Ellen Galinsky, Kimberly D. Gregory, M. Camille Hoffman, Elizabeth A. Howell, Emily S. Miller, Cynthia Osborne, Cynthia E. Rogers, Darby E. Saxbe, Mary E. D'Alton

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Obstetrics, the specialty overseeing infant and parent health before birth, could be expanded to address the interrelated areas of parents' prenatal impact on children's brain development and their own psychosocial needs during a time of immense change and neuroplasticity. Obstetrics is primed for the shift that is happening in pediatrics, which is moving from its traditional focus on physical health to a coordinated, whole-child, 2- or multigeneration approach. Pediatric care now includes developmental screening, parenting education, parent coaching, access to developmental specialists, brain-building caregiving skills, linkages to community resources, and tiered interventions with psychologists. Drawing on decades of developmental origins …

Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Measures Characteristic Of Early Cart-Treated Pediatric Hiv: A Feature Selection Approach, Isaac L Khobo, Marcin Jankiewicz, Martha J Holmes, Francesca Little, Mark F Cotton, Barbara Laughton, Andre J W Van Der Kouwe, Allison Moreau, Emmanuel Nwosu, Ernesta M Meintjes, Frances C Robertson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Children with perinatally acquired HIV (CPHIV) have poor cognitive outcomes despite early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). While CPHIV-related brain alterations can be investigated separately using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (

Tumor Immune Contexture Is A Determinant Of Anti-Cd19 Car T Cell Efficacy In Large B Cell Lymphoma, Nathalie Scholler, Armin Ghobadi, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

The Secreted Protein Cowpox Virus 14 Contributes To Viral Virulence And Immune Evasion By Engaging Fc-Gamma-Receptors, Ravi F. Iyer, David M. Edwards, Philipp Kolb, Hans-Peter Raué, Chris A. Nelson, Megan L. Epperson, Mark K. Slifka, Jeffrey C. Nolz, Hartmut Hengel, Daved H. Fremont, Klaus Früh

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The genome of cowpoxvirus (CPXV) could be considered prototypical for orthopoxviridae (OXPV) since it contains many open reading frames (ORFs) absent or lost in other OPXV, including vaccinia virus (VACV). These additional ORFs are non-essential for growth in vitro but are expected to contribute to the broad host range, virulence and immune evasion characteristics of CPXV. For instance, unlike VACV, CPXV encodes proteins that interfere with T cell stimulation, either directly or by preventing antigen presentation or co-stimulation. When studying the priming of naïve T cells, we discovered that CPXV, but not VACV, encodes a secreted factor that interferes with …

Gapdh Mediates Drug Resistance And Metabolism In Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Parasites, Andrew J. Jezewski, Ann M. Guggisberg, Dana M. Hodge, Naomi Ghebremichael, Gavin Nicholas John, Lisa K. Mclellan, Audrey Ragan Odom John

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Efforts to control the global malaria health crisis are undermined by antimalarial resistance. Identifying mechanisms of resistance will uncover the underlying biology of the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites that allow evasion of our most promising therapeutics and may reveal new drug targets. We utilized fosmidomycin (FSM) as a chemical inhibitor of plastidial isoprenoid biosynthesis through the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. We have thus identified an unusual metabolic regulation scheme in the malaria parasite through the essential glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Two parallel genetic screens converged on independent but functionally analogous resistance alleles in GAPDH. Metabolic profiling of FSM-resistant …

Sleep-Promoting Neurons Remodel Their Response Properties To Calibrate Sleep Drive With Environmental Demands, Stephane Dissel, Markus K. Klose, Bruno Van Swinderen, Lijuan Cao, Melanie Ford, Erica M. Periandri, Joseph D. Jones, Zhaoyi Li, Paul J. Shaw

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Falling asleep at the wrong time can place an individual at risk of immediate physical harm. However, not sleeping degrades cognition and adaptive behavior. To understand how animals match sleep need with environmental demands, we used live-brain imaging to examine the physiological response properties of the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB) following interventions that modify sleep (sleep deprivation, starvation, time-restricted feeding, memory consolidation) in Drosophila. We report that dFB neurons change their physiological response-properties to dopamine (DA) and allatostatin-A (AstA) in response to different types of waking. That is, dFB neurons are not simply passive components of a hard-wired circuit. Rather, …

Measuring Transcription Factor Binding And Gene Expression Using Barcoded Self-Reporting Transposon Calling Cards And Transcriptomes, Matthew Lalli, Allen Yen, Urvashi Thopte, Fengping Dong, Arnav Moudgil, Xuhua Chen, Jeffrey Milbrandt, Joseph D Dougherty, Robi D Mitra

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Calling cards technology using self-reporting transposons enables the identification of DNA-protein interactions through RNA sequencing. Although immensely powerful, current implementations of calling cards in bulk experiments on populations of cells are technically cumbersome and require many replicates to identify independent insertions into the same genomic locus. Here, we have drastically reduced the cost and labor requirements of calling card experiments in bulk populations of cells by introducing a DNA barcode into the calling card itself. An additional barcode incorporated during reverse transcription enables simultaneous transcriptome measurement in a facile and affordable protocol. We demonstrate that barcoded self-reporting transposons recover

Opioids Alter Paw Placement During Walking, Confounding Assessment Of Analgesic Efficacy In A Postsurgical Pain Model In Mice, Victoria E Brings, Maria A Payne, Robert W Gereau Iv

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Introduction: Hind paw-directed assays are commonly used to study the analgesic effects of opioids in mice. However, opioid-induced hyperlocomotion can obscure results of such assays.

Objectives: We aimed to overcome this potential confound by using gait analysis to observe hind paw usage during walking in mice.

Methods: We measured changes in the paw print area after induction of postsurgical pain (using the paw incision model) and treatment with oxycodone.

Results: Paw incision surgery reduced the paw print area of the injured hind paw as mice avoided placing the incised section of the paw on the floor. Surprisingly, oxycodone caused a …

Updated Diagnostic Criteria And Nomenclature For Neurofibromatosis Type 2 And Schwannomatosis: An International Consensus Recommendation, Scott R Plotkin, David H Gutmann, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and schwannomatosis (SWN) are genetically distinct tumor predisposition syndromes with overlapping phenotypes. We sought to update the diagnostic criteria for NF2 and SWN by incorporating recent advances in genetics, ophthalmology, neuropathology, and neuroimaging.

METHODS: We used a multistep process, beginning with a Delphi method involving global disease experts and subsequently involving non-neurofibromatosis clinical experts, patients, and foundations/patient advocacy groups.

RESULTS: We reached consensus on the minimal clinical and genetic criteria for diagnosing NF2 and SWN. These criteria incorporate mosaic forms of these conditions. In addition, we recommend updated nomenclature for these disorders to emphasize their …

Perspectives Of Participation In Daily Life From Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Analysis, Allison J L'Hotta, Nirmala Shivakumar, Kathleen D Lyons, Audrey Trebelhorn, Annamayil Manohar, Allison A King

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To characterize how survivors of cancer define participation.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional qualitative study.

SETTING: Participants were enrolled from a large academic medical center in the Midwestern United States. Interviews were conducted over Zoom or phone.

PARTICIPANTS: Survivors of cancer (N=40) with brain, breast, colorectal, or lung cancer (n=10 per group). Participants were purposively sampled to maximize variation in the study sample. Participant ages ranged from 26-83 years, with a mean age of 55 years. Seventy percent of participants were receiving active cancer treatment at the time of the interview.

INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participant perspectives gathered from 1-on-1 …

Reference Ranges For Corpus Callosum And Cavum Septi Pellucidi Biometry On Prenatal Ultrasound: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Joshua I Rosenbloom, Lauren H Yaeger, Shay Porat

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published nomograms for fetal corpus callosum and cavum septi pellucid biometry. A structured literature search was conducted to identify studies that reported normal measurements of the fetal corpus callosum and cavum septi pellucidi. Random effects metaanalysis was used to calculate normal ranges, and reference curves are provided. The quality assessment demonstrated that there was generally poor reporting regarding maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes. Our findings emphasize that standardization of research protocols and publishing criteria for normal biometric ranges is needed.

Implications Of Conformational Flexibility, Lipid Binding, And Regulatory Domains In Cell-Traversal Protein Celtos For Apicomplexan Migration, Hirdesh Kumar, John R Jimah, Santosh A Misal, Nichole D Salinas, Michal Fried, Paul H Schlesinger, Niraj H Tolia

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Malaria and other apicomplexan-caused diseases affect millions of humans, agricultural animals, and pets. Cell traversal is a common feature used by multiple apicomplexan parasites to migrate through host cells and can be exploited to develop therapeutics against these deadly parasites. Here, we provide insights into the mechanism of the Cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS), a conserved cell-traversal protein in apicomplexan parasites and malaria vaccine candidate. CelTOS has previously been shown to form pores in cell membranes to enable traversal of parasites through cells. We establish roles for the distinct protein regions of Plasmodium vivax CelTOS and examine the …

Pharmacophore Modeling For Biological Targets With High Flexibility: Lxrβ Case Study, Sophia Kchouk, Lamees Hegazy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Lack Of Vmp1 Impairs Hepatic Lipoprotein Secretion And Promotes Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis, Xiaoxiao Jiang, Yan Xie, Nicholas O Davidson, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein that regulates the formation of autophagosomes and lipid droplets. Recent evidence suggests that VMP1 plays a critical role in lipoprotein secretion in zebra fish and cultured cells. However, the pathophysiological roles and mechanisms by which VMP1 regulates lipoprotein secretion and lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are unknown.

METHODS: Liver-specific and hepatocyte-specific Vmp1 knockout mice as well as Vmp1 knock-in mice were generated by crossing Vmp1

RESULTS: Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Vmp1 severely impaired VLDL secretion resulting in massive hepatic …

Substance Use And Common Contributors To Morbidity: A Genetics Perspective, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Rachel L Kember, Arpana Agrawal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Excessive substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) are common, serious and relapsing medical conditions. They frequently co-occur with other diseases that are leading contributors to disability worldwide. While heavy substance use may potentiate the course of some of these illnesses, there is accumulating evidence suggesting common genetic architectures. In this narrative review, we focus on four heritable medical conditions - cardiometabolic disease, chronic pain, depression and COVID-19, which are commonly overlapping with, but not necessarily a direct consequence of, SUDs. We find persuasive evidence of underlying genetic liability that predisposes to both SUDs and chronic pain, depression, and COVID-19. …

A Systematic Review Of Recent And Ongoing Clinical Trials In Patients With The Neurofibromatoses, Simge Acar, Edwin Nieblas-Bedolla, Amy E Armstrong, Angela C Hirbe

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: The neurofibromatoses comprise three different genetic conditions causing considerable morbidity and mortality: neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis (SWN). This review summarizes recent and ongoing clinical trials involving patients with neurofibromatoses to better understand the current state of clinical trial research centered around these conditions and inform areas of need.

METHODS: A search was conducted using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and clinicaltrials.gov databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were designed to identify clinical trials focused on patients with NF1, NF2, or SWN completed in or after 2010 and in process as of December …

A Mid-Level Health Manager Intervention To Promote Uptake Of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among People With Hiv In Uganda: A Cluster Randomised Trial, Elijah Kakande, Elvin H Geng, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Despite longstanding guidelines endorsing isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for people with HIV, uptake is low across sub-Saharan Africa. Mid-level health managers oversee IPT programmes nationally; interventions aimed at this group have not been tested. We aimed to establish whether providing structured leadership and management training and facilitating subregional collaboration and routine data feedback to mid-level managers could increase IPT initiation among people with HIV compared with standard practice.

METHODS: We conducted a cluster randomised trial in Uganda among district-level health managers. We randomly assigned clusters of between four and seven managers in a 1:1 ratio to intervention or control …

Trends In Matriculation From Neurological Surgery Training Programs Into Academic Versus Private Practice, Neha Siddiqui, Vamsi P. Reddy, James L. Rogers, Donald K. E. Detchou, Imaima Casubhoy, Rhea Gopali, Subhang Bhalla, Mika Janbahan, Emily Morris, Meghna Priyanka Peesapati, Nitin Agarwal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: A career in academic neurosurgery is an arduous endeavor. Specific factors influencing physician practice preferences remain unclear. This study analyzes data from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons membership identifying the impact of several demographic and educational characteristics influencing neurosurgical career choices centered on academia, private practice, or a combination in the United States.

METHODS: A list of all current neurosurgeons was obtained from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons membership, and information on physician characteristics was collected via internet searches and institutional databases. The practice type of all neurosurgeons considered in this study were categorized as follows: private …