Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Predictors Of Bicuspid Aortic Valve-Associated Aortopathy In Childhood: A Report From The Mibava Consortium, Michael Grattan, Andrea Prince, Rawan K Rumman, Conall Morgan, Michele Petrovic, Amanda Hauck, Luciana Young, Anders Franco-Cereceda, Bart Loeys, Salah A Mohamed, Harry Dietz, Seema Mital, Chun-Po Steve Fan, Cedric Manlhiot, Gregor Andelfinger, Luc Mertens

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most prevalent congenital heart defect affecting 1% to 2% of the population. It is associated with ascending aorta dilatation. Valve morphology, aortic stenosis (AS), and aortic insufficiency (AI) have been proposed as potential risk factors; however, evaluating their role is difficult, as these factors are inherently related. The aim of this study was to determine whether BAV morphology and dysfunction are independent determinants for ascending aorta dilatation in pediatric patients.

METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study of pediatric BAV patients followed since 2004 was performed. Imaging data were assessed for BAV morphology, severity …

Bulging Anterior Fontanelle And Dense Bones In An Infant., Camilla Raya Halgren, Jenna Lakhani, Samantha Colaiacovo, Chitra Prasad

Paediatrics Publications

No abstract provided.

Blau Syndrome And Early-Onset Sarcoidosis: A Six Case Series And Review Of The Literature., Ayşenur Paç Kisaarslan, Betül Sözeri̇, Nihal Şahi̇n, Sümeyra Özdemi̇r Çi̇çek, Zübeyde Gündüz, Erkan Demi̇rkaya, Afig Berdeli̇, Serdal Sadet Özcan, Hakan Porazoğlu, Ruhan Düşünsel

Paediatrics Publications

Objectives: This study aims to discuss the clinical, laboratory and genetic findings, and treatment options for six patients who were diagnosed with Blau syndrome (BS)/early-onset sarcoidosis (EOS).

Patients and methods: The study included four patients (2 males,2 females; mean age 7 years; range 4 to 10 years) with EOS and two siblings (1 male, 1 female; mean age 10 years; range, 9 to 11 years) with BS. Age, age of initial symptoms, age of diagnosis; articular involvement, presence of uveitis, dermatitis, or fever, other organ involvement, laboratory findings, results of metabolic tests for mucopolysaccharidosis and mucolipidosis, results of genetic, pathologic, …

Osteochondritis Dissecans In Pediatric Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis., Bradley C Jackson, Debra L Bartley, Roberta A Berard

Paediatrics Publications

No abstract provided.

Impressions On Reliability And Students’ Perceptions Of Learning In A Peer-Based Osce, Rishad Khan, Saad Chahine, Steven Macaluso, Ricardo Viana, Caitlin Cassidy, Thomas Miller, Debra Bartley, Michael Payne

Paediatrics Publications

Background: Peer assessment of performance in the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is emerging as a learning instrument. While peers can provide reliable scores, there may be a trade-off with students’ learning. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a peer-based OSCE as a viable assessment instrument and its potential to promote learning and explore the interplay between these two roles. Methods: A total of 334 medical students completed an 11-station OSCE from 2015 to 2016. Each station had 1–2 peer examiners (PE) and one faculty examiner (FE). Examinees were rated on a 7-point scale across 5 dimensions: Look, …

Labour Progression In Obese Women: Are Women With Increased Body Mass Index Having Unnecessary Cesarean Sections?, Caroline Shenouda, Aloka Wijesooriya, Amanda Toufeili, Michael R Miller, Debbie Penava, Barbra De Vrijer

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine whether obese pregnant women undergo cesarean sections without an adequate trial of labour. This may affect future birth and pregnancy outcomes.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done on 526 parturients at Victoria Hospital in London, Ontario. Women were categorized according to parity and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI; normal weight, BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m

RESULTS: Obese class II and III primiparous women required an additional 1.62 and 2.67 hours (P = 0.012), respectively, to reach a dilation of 10 cm compared with their normal weight counterparts; obese class II and III multiparous women required an …

Outsmarting Ebola Through Stronger National Health Systems, Obidimma Ezezika, Alpha Kabinet Keita

Health Studies Publications

Letter to the Editor

An Expert Consensus Statement On The Management Of Large Chondral And Osteochondral Defects In The Patellofemoral Joint, Jorge Chahla, Betina B. Hinckel, Adam B. Yanke, Jack Farr, William D. Bugbee, James L. Carey, Brian J. Cole, Dennis C. Crawford, James E. Fleischli, Alan Getgood, Andreas H. Gomoll, Simon Gortz, Allan E. Gross, Deryk G. Jones, Aaron J. Krych, Christian Lattermann, Bert R. Mandelbaum, Peter R. Mandt, Tom Minas, Raffy Mirzayan, Timothy S. Mologne, John D. Polousky, Matthew T. Provencher, Scott A. Rodeo, Oleg Safir, Seth Lawrence Sherman, Eric D. Strauss, Sabrina M. Strickland, Christopher J. Wahl, Riley J. Williams

Bone and Joint Institute

© The Author(s) 2020. Background: Cartilage lesions of the patellofemoral joint constitute a frequent abnormality. Patellofemoral conditions are challenging to treat because of complex biomechanics and morphology. Purpose: To develop a consensus statement on the functional anatomy, indications, donor graft considerations, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation for the management of large chondral and osteochondral defects in the patellofemoral joint using a modified Delphi technique. Study Design: Consensus statement. Methods: A working group of 4 persons generated a list of statements related to the functional anatomy, indications, donor graft considerations, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation for the management of large chondral and osteochondral …

Basal Forebrain Volume Reliably Predicts The Cortical Spread Of Alzheimer's Degeneration, Sara Fernández-Cabello, Martin Kronbichler, Koene R.A. Van Dijk, James A. Goodman, R. Nathan Spreng, Taylor W. Schmitz

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© The Author(s) (2020). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration is thought to spread across anatomically and functionally connected brain regions. However, the precise sequence of spread remains ambiguous. The prevailing model used to guide in vivo human neuroimaging and non-human animal research assumes that Alzheimer's degeneration starts in the entorhinal cortices, before spreading to the temporoparietal cortex. Challenging this model, we previously provided evidence that in vivo markers of neurodegeneration within the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM), a subregion of the basal forebrain heavily populated by cortically projecting cholinergic neurons, …

Do Infants Have A Sense Of Numerosity? A P-Curve Analysis Of Infant Numerosity Discrimination Studies, Rachael E. Smyth, Daniel Ansari

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Research demonstrating that infants discriminate between small (e.g., 1 vs. 3 dots) and large numerosities (e.g., 8 vs. 16 dots) is central to theories concerning the origins of human numerical abilities. To date, there has been no quantitative meta-analysis of the infant numerical competency data. Here, we quantitatively synthesize the evidential value of the available literature on infant numerosity discrimination using a meta-analytic tool called p-curve. In p-curve the distribution of available p-values is analyzed to determine whether the published literature examining particular hypotheses contains evidential value. p-curves demonstrated evidential value for the hypotheses that infants can discriminate between both …

Effect Of Dual-Tasking On Walking And Cognitive Demands In Adults With Alzheimer's Dementia Experienced In Using A 4-Wheeled Walker, Susan W. Hunter, Humberto Omana, Edward Madou, Walter Wittich, Keith D Hill, Andrew M Johnson, Alison Divine, Jeffrey D Holmes

Physical Therapy Publications

BACKGROUND: Learning to walk with a 4-wheeled walker increases cognitive demands in people with Alzheimer's dementia (AD). However, it is expected that experience will offset the increased cognitive demand. Current research has not yet evaluated gait in people with AD experienced in using a 4-wheeled walker under complex gait situations.

RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the effect of dual-task testing on the spatial-temporal gait parameters and cognitive performance of people with AD experienced with a 4-wheeled walker?

METHODS: Twenty-three adults with mild to moderate AD (87.4 ± 6.2 years, 48 % female) and at least 6 months of walker use experience …

Accelerated Surgery Versus Standard Care In Hip Fracture (Hip Attack): An International, Randomised, Controlled Trial, Flavia K. Borges, Mohit Bhandari, Ernesto Guerra-Farfan, Ameen Patel, Alben Sigamani, Masood Umer, Maria E. Tiboni, Maria Del Mar Villar-Casares, Vikas Tandon, Jordi Tomas-Hernandez, Jordi Teixidor-Serra, Victoria Ra Avram, Mitchell Winemaker, Mmampapatla T. Ramokgopa, Wojciech Szczeklik, Giovanni Landoni, Chew Yin Wang, Dilshad Begum, John D. Neary, Anthony Adili, Parag K. Sancheti, Abdel Rahman Lawendy, Mariano Balaguer-Castro, Paweł Ślęczka, Richard J. Jenkinson, Aamer Nabi Nur, Gavin Ca Wood, Robert J. Feibel, Stephen J. Mcmahon, Alen Sigamani, Ekaterine Popova, Bruce M. Biccard, Iain K. Moppett

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Background: Observational studies have suggested that accelerated surgery is associated with improved outcomes in patients with a hip fracture. The HIP ATTACK trial assessed whether accelerated surgery could reduce mortality and major complications. Methods: HIP ATTACK was an international, randomised, controlled trial done at 69 hospitals in 17 countries. Patients with a hip fracture that required surgery and were aged 45 years or older were eligible. Research personnel randomly assigned patients (1:1) through a central computerised randomisation system using randomly varying block sizes to either accelerated surgery (goal of surgery within 6 h of diagnosis) or …

Longitudinal Basal Forebrain Degeneration Interacts With Trem2/C3 Biomarkers Of Inflammation In Presymptomatic Alzheimer’S Disease, Taylor W. Schmitz, Hermona Soreq, X. Judes Poirier, X. R. Nathan Spreng

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Copyright © 2020 the authors Cholinergic inputs originating from the peripheral nervous system regulate the inflammatory immune responses of macrophages during clearance of blood-based pathogens. Because microglia are involved in clearing amyloid and tau pathology from the central nervous system, we hypothesized that cholinergic input originating from the basal forebrain might similarly regulate inflammatory immune responses to these pathologies in the aging brain. To explore this hypothesis, we leveraged the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. Cognitively normal older male and female human adults were differentiated according to the relative concentration of phosphorylated tau and amyloid in their cerebrospinal fluid, yielding …

Pulmonary Imaging Phenotypes Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Multiparametric Response Maps, Jonathan L Macneil, Dante P I Capaldi, Andrew R Westcott, Rachel L Eddy, Andrea L Barker, David G Mccormack, Miranda Kirby, Grace Parraga

Medical Biophysics Publications

Background Pulmonary imaging of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has focused on CT or MRI measurements, but these have not been evaluated in combination. Purpose To generate multiparametric response map (mPRM) measurements in ex-smokers with or without COPD by using volume-matched CT and hyperpolarized helium 3 (

Corrigendum: Saccade Latency Provides Evidence For Reduced Face Inversion Effects With Higher Autism Traits (Frontiers In Human Neuroscience, (2020), 13, 10.3389/Fnhum.2019.00470), Robin Laycock, Kylie Wood, Andrea Wright, Sheila G. Crewther, Melvyn A. Goodale

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Copyright © 2020 Laycock, Wood, Wright, Crewther and Goodale. In the original article, there was a mistake in the published legend for Figure 2. The results for the high and low Autism Trait (AT) groups were mistakenly interchanged. The correct legend appears below. Figure 2. (A) Average saccade onset times (SOTs) to detect the photograph containing a face or a car in the upright and inverted tasks for high and low Autism Trait (AT) Groups. (B) Face and car inversion effects, calculated as the difference in mean SOTs between upright and inverted tasks for high and low AT Groups. Error …

Molecular Basis For Activation And Biased Signaling At The Thrombin-Activated Gpcr Proteinase Activated Receptor-4 (Par4), Pierre E. Thibeault, Jordan C. Lesarge, D'Arcy Arends, Michaela Fernandes, Peter Chidiac, Peter B. Stathopulos, Leonard G. Luyt, Rithwik Ramachandran

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

© 2020 Thibeault et al. Proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-4 is a member of the proteolytically-activated PAR family of G-protein– coupled receptors (GPCR) that represents an important target in the development of anti-platelet therapeutics. PARs are activated by proteolytic cleavage of their receptor N terminus by enzymes such as thrombin, trypsin, and cathepsin-G. This reveals the receptor-activating motif, termed the tethered ligand that binds intramolecularly to the receptor and triggers signaling. However, PARs are also activated by exogenous application of synthetic peptides derived from the tethered-ligand sequence. To better understand the molecular basis for PAR4-dependent signaling, we examined PAR4-signaling responses to a …

Functional Reorganization During The Recovery Of Contralesional Target Selection Deficits After Prefrontal Cortex Lesions In Macaque Monkeys, Ramina Adam, Kevin Johnston, Ravi S. Menon, Stefan Everling

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2019 The Authors Visual extinction has been characterized by the failure to respond to a visual stimulus in the contralesional hemifield when presented simultaneously with an ipsilesional stimulus (Corbetta and Shulman, 2011). Unilateral damage to the macaque frontoparietal cortex commonly leads to deficits in contralesional target selection that resemble visual extinction. Recently, we showed that macaque monkeys with unilateral lesions in the caudal prefrontal cortex (PFC) exhibited contralesional target selection deficits that recovered over 2–4 months (Adam et al., 2019). Here, we investigated the longitudinal changes in functional connectivity (FC) of the frontoparietal network after a small or large …

Neural Representations Of Phonology In Temporal Cortex Scaffold Longitudinal Reading Gains In 5- To 7-Year-Old Children, Jin Wang, Marc F. Joanisse, James R. Booth

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. The objective of this study was to investigate whether phonological processes measured through brain activation are crucial for the development of reading skill (i.e. scaffolding hypothesis) and/or whether learning to read words fine-tunes phonology in the brain (i.e. refinement hypothesis). We specifically looked at how different grain sizes in two brain regions implicated in phonological processing played a role in this bidirectional relation. According to the dual-stream model of speech processing and previous empirical studies, the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) appears to be a perceptual region associated with phonological representations, whereas the dorsal inferior frontal …

Treatment De-Escalation For Hpv-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Radiotherapy Vs. Trans-Oral Surgery (Orator2): Study Protocol For A Randomized Phase Ii Trial., Anthony C Nichols, Pencilla Lang, Eitan Prisman, Eric Berthelet, Eric Tran, Sarah Hamilton, Jonn Wu, Kevin Fung, John R De Almeida, Andrew Bayley, David P Goldstein, Antoine Eskander, Zain Husain, Houda Bahig, Apostolos Christopoulous, Michael Hier, Khalil Sultanem, Keith Richardson, Alex Mlynarek, Suren Krishnan, Hien Le, John Yoo, S Danielle Macneil, Adrian Mendez, Eric Winquist, Nancy Read, Varagur Venkatesan, Sara Kuruvilla, Andrew Warner, Sylvia Mitchell, Martin Corsten, Murali Rajaraman, Stephanie Johnson-Obaseki, Libni Eapen, Michael Odell, Shamir Chandarana, Robyn Banerjee, Joseph Dort, T Wayne Matthews, Robert Hart, Paul Kerr, Samuel Dowthwaite, Michael Gupta, Han Zhang, Jim Wright, Christina Parker, Bret Wehrli, Keith Kwan, Julie Theurer, David A Palma

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: Patients with human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPC) have substantially better treatment response and overall survival (OS) than patients with HPV-negative disease. Treatment options for HPV+ OPC can involve either a primary radiotherapy (RT) approach (± concomitant chemotherapy) or a primary surgical approach (± adjuvant radiation) with transoral surgery (TOS). These two treatment paradigms have different spectrums of toxicity. The goals of this study are to assess the OS of two de-escalation approaches (primary radiotherapy and primary TOS) compared to historical control, and to compare survival, toxicity and quality of life (QOL) profiles between the two approaches. …

Pulmonary Xenon-129 Mri: New Opportunities To Unravel Enigmas In Respiratory Medicine, Rachel L Eddy, Grace Parraga

Medical Biophysics Publications

No abstract provided.

Feeling Green, Aisha Ghare, Kristopher D. Langdon, Ruba Kiwan, Andrea Andrade, Adrianna Ranger, Robert Hammond

Paediatrics Publications

No abstract provided.

Striatum-Mediated Deficits In Stimulus-Response Learning And Decision-Making In Ocd, Nole M. Hiebert, Marc R. Lawrence, Hooman Ganjavi, Mark Watling, Adrian M. Owen, Ken N. Seergobin, Penny A. Macdonald

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© Copyright © 2020 Hiebert, Lawrence, Ganjavi, Watling, Owen, Seergobin and MacDonald. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Studies investigating symptomatology and cognitive deficits in OCD frequently implicate the striatum. The aim of this study was to explore striatum-mediated cognitive deficits in patients with OCD as they complete a stimulus-response learning task previously shown to differentially rely on the dorsal (DS) and ventral striatum (VS). We hypothesized that patients with OCD will show both impaired decision-making and learning, coupled with reduced task-relevant activity in DS and VS, respectively, compared to healthy controls. …

What We Can Learn From A Genetic Rodent Model About Autism., Dorit Möhrle, Marta Fernández, Olga Peñagarikano, Andreas Frick, Brian Allman, Susanne Schmid

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders that are caused by genetic and/or environmental impacts, often probably by the interaction of both. They are characterised by deficits in social communication and interaction and by restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests from early childhood on, causing significant impairment. While it is clear that no animal model captures the full complexity of ASD in humans, genetic models are extremely useful for studying specific symptoms associated with ASD and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this review we summarize the behavioral paradigms used in rodents to model ASD symptoms as they …

Insights Image For "Evidence Of Increased Hypoxia Signalling In Fetal Liver From Maternal Nutrient Restriction In Mice"., Bethany N Radford, Victor K M Han

Paediatrics Publications

No abstract provided.

Evidence Of Increased Hypoxia Signaling In Fetal Liver From Maternal Nutrient Restriction In Mice., Bethany N Radford, Victor K M Han

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a pregnancy condition where fetal growth is reduced, and offspring from IUGR pregnancies are at increased risk for type II diabetes as adults. The liver is susceptible to fetal undernutrition experienced by IUGR infants and animal models of growth restriction. This study aimed to examine hepatic expression changes in a maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) mouse model of IUGR to understand fetal adaptations that influence adult metabolism.

METHODS: Liver samples of male offspring from MNR (70% of ad libitum starting at E6.5) or control pregnancies were obtained at E18.5 and differential expression was assessed by …

Hippocampal Subfields Revealed Through Unfolding And Unsupervised Clustering Of Laminar And Morphological Features In 3d Bigbrain, J. Dekraker, J. C. Lau, K. M. Ferko, A. R. Khan, S. Köhler

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. The internal structure of the human hippocampus is challenging to map using histology or neuroimaging due to its complex archicortical folding. Here, we aimed to overcome this challenge using a unique combination of three methods. First, we leveraged a histological dataset with unprecedented 3D coverage, BigBrain. Second, we imposed a computational unfolding framework that respects the topological continuity of hippocampal subfields, which are traditionally defined by laminar composition. Third, we adapted neocortical parcellation techniques to map the hippocampus with respect to not only laminar but also morphological features. Unsupervised clustering of these features revealed subdivisions that …

Reactive Stepping After A Forward Fall In People Living With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Or Disease, Katherine Chan, Jae Woung Lee, Janelle Unger, Jaeeun Yoo, Kei Masani, Kristin E Musselman

Physical Therapy Publications

STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the reactive stepping ability of individuals living with incomplete spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D) to that of sex- and age-matched able-bodied adults.

SETTING: A tertiary SCI/D rehabilitation center in Canada.

METHODS: Thirty-three individuals (20 with incomplete SCI/D) participated. Participants assumed a forward lean position in standing whilst 8-12% of their body weight was supported by a horizontal cable at waist height affixed to a rigid structure. The cable was released unexpectedly, simulating a forward fall and eliciting one or more reactive steps. Behavioral responses (i.e., single step versus non-single step) were compared …

Saccade Latency Provides Evidence For Reduced Face Inversion Effects With Higher Autism Traits, Robin Laycock, Kylie Wood, Andrea Wright, Sheila G. Crewther, Melvyn A. Goodale

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© Copyright © 2020 Laycock, Wood, Wright, Crewther and Goodale. Individuals on the autism spectrum are reported to show impairments in the processing of social information, including aspects of eye-movements towards faces. Abnormalities in basic-level visual processing are also reported. In the current study, we sought to determine if the latency of saccades made towards social targets (faces) in a natural scene as opposed to inanimate targets (cars) would be related to sub-clinical autism traits (ATs) in individuals drawn from a neurotypical population. The effect of stimulus inversion was also examined given that difficulties with processing inverted faces are thought …

Prioritization And Management Recommendations Of Pediatric Urology Conditions During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Daniel T. Keefe, Mandy Rickard, Peter Anderson, Darius Bagli, Anne Sophie Blais, Stéphane Bolduc, Luis H. Braga, Natasha Brownrigg, Michael Chua, Sumit Dave, Joana Dos Santos, Luis Guerra, Allen H. Hayashi, Mélise A. Keays, Soojin Kim, Martin A. Koyle, Linda C. Lee, Armando J. Lorenzo, Dawn Maclellan, Landan Macdonald, Andrew E. Macneily, Peter D. Metcalfe, Katherine Moore, Rodrigo L.P. Romao, Peter Z.T. Wang

Paediatrics Publications

No abstract provided.

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure During Rat Pregnancy Leads To Symmetrical Fetal Growth Restriction And Labyrinth-Specific Vascular Defects In The Placenta., Bryony V Natale, Katarina N Gustin, Kendrick Lee, Alison C Holloway, Steven R Laviolette, David R C Natale, Daniel B Hardy

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

1 in 5 women report cannabis use during pregnancy, with nausea cited as their primary motivation. Studies show that (-)-△9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the major psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, causes fetal growth restriction, though the mechanisms are not well understood. Given the critical role of the placenta to transfer oxygen and nutrients from mother, to the fetus, any compromise in the development of fetal-placental circulation significantly affects maternal-fetal exchange and thereby, fetal growth. The goal of this study was to examine, in rats, the impact of maternal Δ9-THC exposure on fetal development, neonatal outcomes, and placental development. Dams received a daily intraperitoneal …