Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Nuclear Receptors Regulate Lipid Metabolism And Oxidative Stress Markers In Chondrocytes, Anusha Ratneswaran, Margaret Man-Ger Sun, Holly Dupuis, Cynthia Sawyez

Bone and Joint Institute

No abstract provided.

Issls Prize In Bioengineering Science 2017: Automation Of Reading Of Radiological Features From Magnetic Resonance Images (Mris) Of The Lumbar Spine Without Human Intervention Is Comparable With An Expert Radiologist, The Genodisc Consortium, Amir Jamaludin, Meelis Lootus, Timor Kadir

Bone and Joint Institute

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of An Automated Thresholding Algorithm For The Quantification Of Paraspinal Muscle Composition From Mri Images, Maryse Fortin, Mona Omidyeganeh, Michele Crites Battié, Omair Ahmad

Bone and Joint Institute

No abstract provided.

A Respiratory-Gated Micro-Ct Comparison Of Respiratory Patterns In Free-Breathing And Mechanically Ventilated Rats, Nancy L. Ford, Lynda Mccaig, Andrew Jeklin, James F. Lewis, Ruud A.W. Veldhuizen, David W. Holdsworth, Maria Drangova

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2017 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society. In this study, we aim to quantify the differences in lung metrics measured in free-breathing and mechanically ventilated rodents using respiratory-gated micro-computed tomography. Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine and scanned with a retrospective respiratory gating protocol on a GE Locus Ultra micro-CT scanner. Each animal was scanned while free-breathing, then intubated and mechanically ventilated (MV) and rescanned with a standard ventilation protocol (56 bpm, 8 mL/kg and PEEP of 5 cm H2O) and again with …

A Phosphorus-Rich Polymer As A Homogeneous Catalyst Scavenger, T. J. Cuthbert, E. Evoy, J. P.J. Bow, R. Guterman, J. M. Stubbs, E. R. Gillies, P. J. Ragogna, J. M. Blacquiere

Bone and Joint Institute

© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017. A soft polymer network prepared through a phosphane-ene reaction successfully sequestered Rh and Ru from hydrogenation and ring closing metathesis reactions, respectively. Scavenging effectively quenches catalytic activity and ultimately removes >98% of the metal.

Efficacy Of Workplace Interventions For Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Véronique Lowry, Ariel Desjardins-Charbonneau, Jean Sébastien Roy, Clermont E. Dionne, Pierre Frémont, Joy C. Macdermid, François Desmeules

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2017 Foundation of Rehabilitation Information. Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of workplace-based interventions to prevent or treat shoulder pain. Data sources: A systematic review of 4 databases was performed up to January 2016. Study selection: Randomized controlled trials were included if the intervention under study was a workplace- based intervention performed to prevent or reduce shoulder pain and disability in workers. Data extraction: The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated and meta-analyses were conducted. Pooled mean differences and risk ratios were calculated. Data synthesis: Data from 4 …

Biomechanical Measurement Error Can Be Caused By Fujifilm Thickness: A Theoretical, Experimental, And Computational Analysis, Ahmed Sarwar, Simli Srivastava, Chris Chu, Alan Machin, Emil H. Schemitsch, Habiba Bougherara, Zahra S. Bagheri, Radovan Zdero

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2017 Ahmed Sarwar et al. This is the first study to quantify the measurement error due to the physical thickness of Fujifilm for several material combinations relevant to orthopaedics. Theoretical and experimental analyses were conducted for cylinder-on-flat indentation over a series of forces (750 and 3000 N), cylinder diameters (0 to 80 mm), and material combinations (metal-on-metal, MOM; metal-on-polymer, MOP; metal-on-bone, MOB). For the scenario without Fujifilm, classic Hertzian theory predicted the true line-type contact width as WO={(8FDcyl)/(πLcyl)[(1-cyl2)/Ecyl+(1-flat2)/Eflat]}1/2, where F is compressive force, Dcyl is cylinder diameter, Lcyl is cylinder length, cyl and flat are cylinder and flat Poisson's …

Delayed Endothelial Progenitor Cell Therapy Promotes Bone Defect Repair In A Clinically Relevant Rat Model, Brent D. Bates, Charles Godbout, David J. Ramnaraign, Emil H. Schemitsch, Aaron Nauth

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2017 Brent D. Bates et al. The repair of segmental bone defects remains a significant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have successfully promoted the repair of acute defects in animal models; however, the ability of EPCs to induce the repair of chronic nonhealing defects, such as those often encountered clinically, has not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of EPCs delivered in delayed fashion to induce the repair of nonhealing defects in a clinically relevant model. In order to simulate delayed treatment, 5 mm segmental defects in Fischer 344 …

Diagnostic Validity Of Patient-Reported History For Shoulder Pathology, Le Somerville, K Willits, Am Johnson, R Litchfield

Bone and Joint Institute

Objective The purpose of this article is to determine whether patient-reported history items are predictive of shoulder pathology and have the potential for use in triaging patients with shoulder pathology to orthopaedic outpatient clinics. Setting It is set at two tertiary orthopaedic clinics. Patients All new patients reporting pain and/or disability of the shoulder joint were prospectively recruited. A total of 193 patients were enrolled, 15 of whom withdrew, leaving 178 patients composing the study sample. Design Patients completed a questionnaire on the history of their pathology, then the surgeon took a thorough history indicating the most likely diagnosis. The …

Hippocampal Neurogenesis And Volume In Migrating And Wintering Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris Pusilla)., Nara Gyzely De Morais Magalhães, Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz, Daniel Guerreiro Diniz, Ediely Pereira Henrique, Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira, Isis Ananda Matos Moraes, Mauro André Damasceno De Melo, David Francis Sherry, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Long distance migratory birds find their way by sensing and integrating information from a large number of cues in their environment. These cues are essential to navigate over thousands of kilometers and reach the same breeding, stopover, and wintering sites every year. The semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) is a long-distance migrant that breeds in the arctic tundra of Canada and Alaska and winters on the northeast coast of South America. Its fall migration includes a 5,300-kilometer nonstop flight over the Atlantic Ocean. The avian hippocampus has been proposed to play a central role in the integration of multisensory spatial information …

Are There Place Cells In The Avian Hippocampus?, David F Sherry, Stephanie L Grella, Mélanie F Guigueno, David J White, Diano F Marrone

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Birds possess a hippocampus that serves many of the same spatial and mnemonic functions as the mammalian hippocampus but achieves these outcomes with a dramatically different neuroanatomical organization. The properties of spatially responsive neurons in birds and mammals are also different. Much of the contemporary interest in the role of the mammalian hippocampus in spatial representation dates to the discovery of place cells in the rat hippocampus. Since that time, cells that respond to head direction and cells that encode a grid-like representation of space have been described in the rat brain. Research with homing pigeons has discovered hippocampal cells, …

Hippocampal Astrocytes In Migrating And Wintering Semipalmated Sandpiper, Dario Carvalho-Paulo, Nara G De Morais Magalhães, Diego De Almeida Miranda, Daniel G Diniz, Ediely P Henrique, Isis A M Moraes, Patrick D C Pereira, Mauro A D De Melo, Camila M De Lima, Marcus A De Oliveira, Cristovam Guerreiro-Diniz, David F Sherry, Cristovam W P Diniz

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Seasonal migratory birds return to the same breeding and wintering grounds year after year, and migratory long-distance shorebirds are good examples of this. These tasks require learning and long-term spatial memory abilities that are integrated into a navigational system for repeatedly locating breeding, wintering, and stopover sites. Previous investigations focused on the neurobiological basis of hippocampal plasticity and numerical estimates of hippocampal neurogenesis in birds but only a few studies investigated potential contributions of glial cells to hippocampal-dependent tasks related to migration. Here we hypothesized that the astrocytes of migrating and wintering birds may exhibit significant morphological and numerical differences …

Of Bayes And Bullets: An Embodied, Situated, Targeting-Based Account Of Predictive Processing, M.L. Anderson

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

No abstract provided.

Neurometabolic Abnormalities In Schizophrenia And Depression Observed With Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy At 7 T, Reggie Taylor, Elizabeth A Osuch, Betsy Schaefer, Nagalingam Rajakumar, Richard W J Neufeld, Jean Theberge, Peter C Williamson

Department of Medicine Publications

BACKGROUND: Examining neurometabolic abnormalities in critical brain areas in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) may help guide future pharmacological interventions including glutamate-modulating treatments.

AIMS: To measure metabolite concentrations within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and thalamus of people with schizophrenia and people with MDD.

METHODS: Spectra were acquired from 16 volunteers with schizophrenia, 17 with MDD and 18 healthy controls using magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a 7 Tesla scanner.

RESULTS: In the thalamus, there were lower glycine concentrations in the schizophrenia group relative to control (P=0.017) and MDD groups (P=0.012), and higher glutamine concentrations relative to healthy controls (P=0.009). …

Desynchronization Of Autonomic Response And Central Autonomic Network Connectivity In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Janine Thome, Maria Densmore, Paul A Frewen, Margaret C Mckinnon, Jean Théberge, Andrew A Nicholson, Julian Koenig, Julian F Thayer, Ruth A Lanius

Department of Medicine Publications

OBJECTIVES: Although dysfunctional emotion regulatory capacities are increasingly recognized as contributing to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little work has sought to identify biological markers of this vulnerability. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a promising biomarker that, together with neuroimaging, may assist in gaining a deeper understanding of emotion dysregulation in PTSD. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to characterize autonomic response patterns, and their related neuronal patterns in individuals with PTSD at rest.

METHODS: PTSD patients (N = 57) and healthy controls (N = 41) underwent resting-state fMRI. Connectivity patterns of key regions within the central autonomic network …

Discrete Event Simulation Model For Planning Level 2 “Step-Down” Bed Needs Using Nems, Felipe F. Rodrigues, Gregory S. Zaric, David Stanford

Business Publications

In highly congested hospitals it may be common for patients to overstay at Intensive Care Units (ICU) due to blockages and imbalances in capacity. This is inadequate clinically, as patients occupy a service they no longer need; operationally, as it disrupts flow from upstream units; and financially as ICU beds are more expensive than ward beds. Step-down beds, also known as Level 2 beds, have become an increasingly popular and less expensive alternative to ICU beds to deal with this issue. We developed a discrete event simulation model that estimates Level 2 bed needs for a large university hospital. The …

Working Memory And Language Learning: A Review, Lisa Archibald, Lisa Archibald

Communication Sciences and Disorders Publications

Children with speech, language, and communication needs (SLCN) form a highly heterogeneous group including those with an unexplained delay in language development known as specific language impairment (SLI). There is growing recognition that multiple mechanisms underlie the range of profiles observed in these children. Broadly speaking, both the domain-general executive attentional system known as working memory and domain-specific linguistic processing have been implicated in children with SLI. It has been challenging to tease apart these influences, however, due to the symbiotic relationship between working memory and language learning. For example, working memory limits might constrain the linguistic detail encoded whereas …

Resting State Functional Network Disruptions In A Kainic Acid Model Of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy., Ravnoor Singh Gill, Seyed M Mirsattari, L Stan Leung

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

We studied the graph topological properties of brain networks derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a kainic acid induced model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in rats. Functional connectivity was determined by temporal correlation of the resting-state Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signals between two brain regions during 1.5% and 2% isoflurane, and analyzed as networks in epileptic and control rats. Graph theoretical analysis revealed a significant increase in functional connectivity between brain areas in epileptic than control rats, and the connected brain areas could be categorized as a limbic network and a default mode network (DMN). The …

The Comprehensive Professional Behaviours Development Log, Deb Lucy, Doreen J. Bartlett, Tianna D. B. Deluzio

Physical Therapy Publications

No abstract provided.

Development, Implementation, And Outcomes Of An Acute Care Clinician Scientist Clinical Placement: Case Report., Sarah Wojkowski, Janelle Unger, Magda Mccaughan, Beverley Cole, Michelle E Kho

Physical Therapy Publications

Purpose: This article presents the development, implementation, and outcomes of an innovative clinician scientist (CS) placement for a 2nd-year, entry-level MSc(PT) student at McMaster University. Client Description: All physiotherapy students participating in the third 6-week clinical placement at McMaster University were eligible to apply for one CS placement. A placement description and expectations were developed collaboratively by the clinical site and the MSc(PT) programme before placement matching. Intervention: A shared supervisory model between one acute care physiotherapist and a critical care CS was developed to provide supervision in both clinical and research-related activities during the placement. Measures and Outcomes: The …

Clinician's Commentary On Patterson Et Al., Sue Peters

Physical Therapy Publications

No abstract provided.

Editorial Current Treatments For Skin Cancer, Edward Yu, Patricia Tai

Data and Test Instruments

Skin cancer is a common cancer affecting a large population of Caucasians around the world. The best treatmentresult can only be achieved by a multidisciplinary team to evaluate all host, tumor and treatment factors carefully ina particular case scenario.The thematic issue includes overviews of non-melanoma skin cancers, melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma.The pattern of care review reflects how skin cancer is cared for in North America, such as Canada and in Europe,such as France. The paper on treatment decisions illustrates how to approach a case and make decision for treatment.The review on the role of different specialties in the team …

Mobilising Expertise And Resources To Close The Radiotherapy Gap In Cancer Care., D Rodin, J Longo, T Sherertz, M M Shah, O Balagun, N Wendling, Jacob Van Dyk, C N Coleman, M J Xu, S Grover

Oncology Publications

Closing the gap in cancer care within low- and middle-income countries and in indigenous and geographically isolated populations in high-income countries requires investment and innovation. This is particularly true for radiotherapy, for which the global disparity is one of the largest in healthcare today. New models and paradigms and non-traditional collaborations have been proposed to improve global equity in cancer control. We describe recent initiatives from within the radiation oncology community to increase access to treatment, build the low- and middle-income countries' radiation oncology workforce, mobilise more professionals from within high-income countries and raise awareness of the global need for …

Analysis Of Global Radiotherapy Needs And Costs By Geographic Region And Income Level., E Zubizarreta, Jacob Van Dyk, Y Lievens

Oncology Publications

Recent years have seen various reviews on the lack of access to radiotherapy often based on geographic regions of the world such as Africa, Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America and North America. Countries are often defined by their national income per capita levels based on World Bank definitions of high income, upper middle income, lower middle income and low income. Within the world regions, there are significant variations in gross national income (GNI) per capita among the different countries, and even within similar income levels, large variations exist. This report presents the actual status of radiotherapy and analyses the current …

Profiles Of Fatigue Severity And Variability Among Adolescents And Young Adults With Cerebral Palsy, Laura K. Brunton, Doreen J. Bartlett

Physical Therapy Publications

Background: Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) experience progressive changes in functional status with the development of secondary impairments such as fatigue. Detailed accounts of the fatigue experience in CP are lacking.

Purpose: This study describes the severity and variability of fatigue in CP using the Fatigue Impact and Severity Self-Assessment.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study surveying 130 (61 males) individuals (mean age 18 years, 11 months; SD four years, six months) with CP. Analyses comprised comparisons between two groups (Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) I and II-V), frequency counts and proportions.

Results: Significant differences exist between GMFCS …

Detection Of Α-Thalassemia By Using Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification As An Additional Method For Rare Mutations In Southern Turkey, Ozge Ozalp Yuregir, Akif Ayaz, Sinem Yalcintepe, Sezin Canbek, Didar Yanardag Acik, Basak Taburoglu Yilmaz, Tugce B. Balci

Paediatrics Publications

α-thalassemia is the most common single gene disorder in the Cukurova Region in Turkey. It is therefore routinely screened, including premaritally, in our region. The heterogeneous molecular basis of the disease makes α-thalassemia mutation detection difficult and complex. Besides well established methods, multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is known as an effective, simple and specific method for the detection and characterization of deletions and duplications. We employed MLPA testing to 30 patients with hematological parameters suggestive of α-thalassemia carrier status but was negative for α-thalassemia with conventional reverse dot blot hybridization (RDB). We found α-globin gene deletions in 3 …

Staying Current In Your Field Of Interest: Tips For Aspiring Students As Researchers, Dor D. Abelman

Health Studies Publications

Undergraduate students are becoming increasingly involved in research. They already posses the skills required to make meaningful contributions to their field of interest. Some important components of their success relates to a student's ability to stay up to date in the research of their field, and to learn practical skills pertaining to the publishing process. This article hopes to help with this through presenting easy-to-follow summary tables and short paragraphs on tips for success. Topics include staying up to date in a practical way, getting involved, reaching out for help, and publication. For students, by students, this report is relatable …

Five-Year Publication Rate Of Clinical Presentations At The Open And Closed American Shoulder And Elbow Surgeons Annual Meeting From 2005–2010, J. Kay, M. Memon, D. De Sa, A. Duong, N. Simunovic, G. S. Athwal, O. R. Ayeni

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2016, The Author(s). Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the five-year publication rate of papers presented at both the open and closed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons’ (ASES) annual meetings from 2005 to 2010. Methods: Online abstracts of the presentations at the open and closed ASES annual meetings were independently screened for clinical studies and graded for quality using level of evidence. The databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Ovid (MEDLINE), and EMBASE were comprehensively searched for full-text publications corresponding to these presentations and any paper published within five years of the presentation date was counted. Results: Overall, 131/266 …

Quantitative Computed Tomography (Qct) Derived Bone Mineral Density (Bmd) In Finite Element Studies: A Review Of The Literature, Nikolas K. Knowles, Jacob M. Reeves, Louis M. Ferreira

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2016, The Author(s). Background: Finite element modeling of human bone provides a powerful tool to evaluate a wide variety of outcomes in a highly repeatable and parametric manner. These models are most often derived from computed tomography data, with mechanical properties related to bone mineral density (BMD) from the x-ray energy attenuation provided from this data. To increase accuracy, many researchers report the use of quantitative computed tomography (QCT), in which a calibration phantom is used during image acquisition to improve the estimation of BMD. Since model accuracy is dependent on the methods used in the calculation of BMD …

Accuracy Requirements And Uncertainties In Radiotherapy: A Report Of The International Atomic Energy Agency., Debbie Van Der Merwe, Jacob Van Dyk, Brendan Healy, Eduardo Zubizarreta, Joanna Izewska, Ben Mijnheer, Ahmed Meghzifene

Oncology Publications

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy technology continues to advance and the expectation of improved outcomes requires greater accuracy in various radiotherapy steps. Different factors affect the overall accuracy of dose delivery. Institutional comprehensive quality assurance (QA) programs should ensure that uncertainties are maintained at acceptable levels. The International Atomic Energy Agency has recently developed a report summarizing the accuracy achievable and the suggested action levels, for each step in the radiotherapy process. Overview of the report: The report seeks to promote awareness and encourage quantification of uncertainties in order to promote safer and more effective patient treatments. The radiotherapy process and the radiobiological …