Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Oral Morphine Versus Ibuprofen Administered At Home For Postoperative Orthopedic Pain In Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Naveen Poonai, Natasha Datoo, Samina Ali, Megan Cashin, Amy L Drendel, Rongbo Zhu, Natasha Lepore, Michael Greff, Michael Rieder, Debra Bartley

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: Oral morphine for postoperative pain after minor pediatric surgery, while increasingly popular, is not supported by evidence. We evaluated whether oral morphine was superior to ibuprofen for at-home management of children's postoperative pain.

METHODS: We conducted a randomized superiority trial comparing oral morphine (0.5 mg/kg) with ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) in children 5 to 17 years of age who had undergone minor outpatient orthopedic surgery (June 2013 to September 2016). Participants took up to 8 doses of the intervention drug every 6 hours as needed for pain at home. The primary outcome was pain, according to the Faces Pain Scale …

The Large-Scale Organization Of Shape Processing In The Ventral And Dorsal Pathways, Erez Freud, Jody C. Culham, David C. Plaut, Marlene Behrmann

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Although shape perception is considered a function of the ventral visual pathway, evidence suggests that the dorsal pathway also derives shape-based representations. In two psychophysics and neuroimaging experiments, we characterized the response properties, topographical organization and perceptual relevance of these representations. In both pathways, shape sensitivity increased from early visual cortex to extrastriate cortex but then decreased in anterior regions. Moreover, the lateral aspect of the ventral pathway and posterior regions of the dorsal pathway were sensitive to the availability of fundamental shape properties, even for unrecognizable images. This apparent representational similarity between the posterior-dorsal and lateral-ventral regions was corroborated …

Targeting Cysteine Thiols For In Vitro Site-Specific Glycosylation Of Recombinant Proteins, Yoo Jung Choi, Jinhui Zhu, Steve Chung, Naveed Siddiqui, Qingping Feng, Peter B. Stathopulos

Paediatrics Publications

Stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1) is a type-I transmembrane protein located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membranes (PM). ER-resident STIM1 regulates the activity of PM Orai1 channels in a process known as store operated calcium (Ca2+) entry which is the principal Ca2+ signaling process that drives the immune response. STIM1 undergoes post-translational N-glycosylation at two luminal Asn sites within the Ca2+ sensing domain of the molecule. However, the biochemical, biophysical, and structure biological effects of N-glycosylated STIM1 were poorly understood until recently due to an inability to readily obtain high levels of homogeneous N-glycosylated protein. Here, we describe the …

Scaffolding Proteins In The Development And Maintenance Of The Epidermal Permeability Barrier, Melissa Crawford, Lina Dagnino

Paediatrics Publications

The skin of mammals and other terrestrial vertebrates protects the organism against the external environment, preventing heat, water and electrolyte loss, as well as entry of chemicals and pathogens. Impairments in the epidermal permeability barrier function are associated with the genesis and/or progression of a variety of pathological conditions, including genetic inflammatory diseases, microbial and viral infections, and photodamage induced by UV radiation. In mammals, the outside-in epidermal permeability barrier is provided by the joint action of the outermost cornified layer, together with assembled tight junctions in granular keratinocytes found in the layers underneath. Tight junctions serve as both outside-in …

Mutations In Keops-Complex Genes Cause Nephrotic Syndrome With Primary Microcephaly, Daniela A Braun, Jia Rao, Geraldine Mollet, David Schapiro, Marie-Claire Daugeron, Weizhen Tan, Olivier Gribouval, Olivia Boyer, Patrick Revy, Tilman Jobst-Schwan, Johanna Magdalena Schmidt, Jennifer A Lawson, Denny Schanze, Shazia Ashraf, Jeremy F P Ullmann, Charlotte A Hoogstraten, Nathalie Boddaert, Bruno Collinet, Gaëlle Martin, Dominique Liger, Svjetlana Lovric, Monica Furlano, I Chiara Guerrera, Oraly Sanchez-Ferras, Jennifer F Hu, Anne-Claire Boschat, Sylvia Sanquer, Björn Menten, Sarah Vergult, Nina De Rocker, Merlin Airik, Tobias Hermle, Shirlee Shril, Eugen Widmeier, Heon Yung Gee, Won-Il Choi, Carolin E Sadowski, Werner L Pabst, Jillian K Warejko, Ankana Daga, Tamara Basta, Verena Matejas, Karin Scharmann, Sandra D Kienast, Babak Behnam, Brendan Beeson, Amber Begtrup, Malcolm Bruce, Gaik-Siew Ch'ng, Shuan-Pei Lin, Jui-Hsing Chang, Chao-Huei Chen, Megan T Cho, Patrick M Gaffney, Patrick E Gipson, Chyong-Hsin Hsu, Jameela A Kari, Yu-Yuan Ke, Cathy Kiraly-Borri, Wai-Ming Lai, Emmanuelle Lemyre, Rebecca Okashah Littlejohn, Amira Masri, Mastaneh Moghtaderi, Kazuyuki Nakamura, Fatih Ozaltin, Marleen Praet, Chitra Prasad, Agnieszka Prytula, Elizabeth R Roeder, Patrick Rump, Rhonda E Schnur, Takashi Shiihara, Manish D Sinha, Neveen A Soliman, Kenza Soulami, David A Sweetser, Wen-Hui Tsai, Jeng-Daw Tsai, Rezan Topaloglu, Udo Vester, David H Viskochil, Nithiwat Vatanavicharn, Jessica L Waxler, Klaas J Wierenga, Matthias T F Wolf, Sik-Nin Wong, Sebastian A Leidel, Gessica Truglio, Peter C Dedon, Annapurna Poduri, Shrikant Mane, Richard P Lifton, Maxime Bouchard, Peter Kannu, David Chitayat, Daniella Magen, Bert Callewaert, Herman Van Tilbeurgh, Martin Zenker, Corinne Antignac, Friedhelm Hildebrandt

Paediatrics Publications

Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is an autosomal-recessive disease characterized by the combination of early-onset nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and microcephaly with brain anomalies. Here we identified recessive mutations in OSGEP, TP53RK, TPRKB, and LAGE3, genes encoding the four subunits of the KEOPS complex, in 37 individuals from 32 families with GAMOS. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout in zebrafish and mice recapitulated the human phenotype of primary microcephaly and resulted in early lethality. Knockdown of OSGEP, TP53RK, or TPRKB inhibited cell proliferation, which human mutations did not rescue. Furthermore, knockdown of these genes impaired protein translation, caused endoplasmic reticulum stress, activated DNA-damage-response signaling, and ultimately induced …

Appraisal Of: Role Of Physical Therapists In The Management Of Individuals At Risk For Or Diagnosed With Venous Thromboembolism: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline, Saravanan Esakki, Joy C. Macdermid

Bone and Joint Institute

No abstract provided.

Titanium Addition Influences Antibacterial Activity Of Bioactive Glass Coatings On Metallic Implants, Omar Rodriguez, Wendy Stone, Emil H. Schemitsch, Paul Zalzal, Stephen Waldman, Marcello Papini, Mark R. Towler

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2017 The Authors In an attempt to combat the possibility of bacterial infection and insufficient bone growth around metallic, surgical implants, bioactive glasses may be employed as coatings. In this work, silica-based and borate-based glass series were synthesized for this purpose and subsequently characterized in terms of antibacterial behavior, solubility and cytotoxicity. Borate-based glasses were found to exhibit significantly superior antibacterial properties and increased solubility compared to their silica-based counterparts, with BRT0 and BRT3 (borate-based glasses with 0 and 15 mol% of titanium dioxide incorporated, respectively) outperforming the remainder of the glasses, both borate and silicate based, in these …

Vocabulary Learning Benefits From Rem After Slow-Wave Sleep., Laura J Batterink, Carmen E Westerberg, Ken A Paller

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Memory reactivation during slow-wave sleep (SWS) influences the consolidation of recently acquired knowledge. This reactivation occurs spontaneously during sleep but can also be triggered by presenting learning-related cues, a technique known as targeted memory reactivation (TMR). Here we examined whether TMR can improve vocabulary learning. Participants learned the meanings of 60 novel words. Auditory cues for half the words were subsequently presented during SWS in an afternoon nap. Memory performance for cued versus uncued words did not differ at the group level but was systematically influenced by REM sleep duration. Participants who obtained relatively greater amounts of REM showed a …

Accumulation Of Non-Numerical Evidence During Nonsymbolic Number Processing In The Brain: An Fmri Study, Tali Leibovich, Daniel Ansari

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Behavioral evidence has shown that when performing a nonsymbolic number comparison task (e.g., deciding which of two dot arrays contains more dots), participants' responses are sensitive to affected by both numerical (e.g., number of items) and non-numerical magnitudes (i.e., area, density, etc.). Thus far it is unclear what brain circuits support this process of accumulating non-numerical variables during nonsymbolic number processing. To investigate this, 21 adult participants were asked to engage in a dot comparison task. To measure the neural correlates of accumulating numerical and non-numerical variables, we manipulated the number of the non-numerical magnitudes that were congruent (correlated with …

The Future Of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion In Combat Operations., Shane Smith, Rich Hilsden, Andrew Beckett, Vivian Mcalister

Data and Test Instruments

Damage control resuscitation and early thoracotomy have been used to increase survival after severe injury in combat. There has been a renewed interest in resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in both civilian and military medical practices. REBOA may result in visceral and limb ischaemia that could be harmful if use of REBOA is premature or prolonged. The purpose of this paper is to align our experience of combat injuries with the known capability of REBOA to suggest an implementation strategy for the use of REBOA in combat care. It may replace the resuscitative effect of thoracotomy; can …

Moving From Parent "Consultant" To Parent "Collaborator": One Pediatric Research Team's Experience., Doreen Bartlett, Lisa A Chiarello, Tina Hjorngaard, Barbara Sieck Taylor

Physical Therapy Publications

We share our experiences as academic physical therapists and parents of young people with cerebral palsy working together as a research team, describe and critically review how our working relationship has evolved and propose further enhancements to realize our shared vision. This manuscript is informed by a call for “family-centered research,” transcripts of face-to-face meetings held over a period of 11/2 days, the INVOLVE document and our experiences over almost a decade, as well as other related literature. Authentic collaborative research partnerships between academic researchers and parents embodying trust, mutual respect and shared social responsibility take time and effort to …

Understanding Participation Of Children With Cerebral Palsy In Family And Recreational Activities., Mohammed S Alghamdi, Lisa A Chiarello, Robert J Palisano, Sarah W Mccoy

Physical Therapy Publications

AIMS: The primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of age, sex, gross motor, manual ability, and communication functions on the frequency and enjoyment of children's participation in family and recreational activities. The secondary aim was to determine the relationships between motor and communication functions and participation.

METHODS: Participants were 694 children, 1.5-12 years old, with cerebral palsy (CP) and their parents across the US and Canada. Parents rated children's frequency and enjoyment of participation using the Child Engagement in Daily Life measure. Parents and therapists identified children's level of function using Gross Motor Function Classification System …

Differential Functional Roles Of Aldh1a1 And Aldh1a3 In Mediating Metastatic Behavior And Therapy Resistance Of Human Breast Cancer Cells, Alysha K. Croker, Mauricio Rodriguez-Torres, Ying Xia, Hon Sing Leong, Siddika Pardhan, John D. Lewis, Alison L. Allan

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Previous studies indicate that breast cancer cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and CD44 expression (ALDHhiCD44+ ) contribute to metastasis and therapy resistance, and that ALDH1 correlates with poor outcome in breast cancer patients. The current study hypothesized that ALDH1 functionally contributes to breast cancer metastatic behavior and therapy resistance. Expression of ALDH1A1 or ALDH1A3 was knocked down in MDA-MB-468 and SUM159 human breast cancer cells using siRNA. Resulting impacts on ALDH activity (Aldefluor® assay); metastatic behavior and therapy response in vitro (proliferation/adhesion/migration/colony formation/chemotherapy and radiation) and extravasation/metastasis in vivo (chick choroiallantoic membrane assay) was assessed. Knockdown of ALDH1A3 …

Global, Regional, And National Comparative Risk Assessment Of 84 Behavioural, Environmental And Occupational, And Metabolic Risks Or Clusters Of Risks, 1990-2016: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2016, Gbd 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context.

METHODS: We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and …

Global, Regional, And National Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (Dalys) For 333 Diseases And Injuries And Healthy Life Expectancy (Hale) For 195 Countries And Territories, 1990-2016: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2016, Gbd 2016 Dalys And Hale Collaborators

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI).

METHODS: We used results from the Global …

Global, Regional, And National Incidence, Prevalence, And Years Lived With Disability For 328 Diseases And Injuries For 195 Countries, 1990-2016: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2016, Gbd 2016 Disease And Injury Incidence And Prevalence Collaborators

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016.

METHODS: We estimated prevalence and incidence for 328 diseases and injuries and 2982 sequelae, their non-fatal consequences. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between …

Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-6 Alters Skeletal Muscle Differentiation Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Doaa Aboalola, Victor K. M. Han

Paediatrics Publications

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6), the main regulator of insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), is a component of the stem cell niche in developing muscle cells. However, its role in muscle development has not been clearly defined. In this study, we investigated the role of IGFBP-6 in muscle commitment and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from the placenta. We showed that placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) have the ability to differentiate into muscle cells when exposed to a specific culture medium by expressing muscle markers Pax3/7, MyoD, myogenin, and myosin heavy chain in a stage-dependent manner with the …

Researchers Call For End Of Ied Use In Warfare, Adela Talbot

Data and Test Instruments

At one point in history, a soldier in combat would have been injured with a bow and arrow. That bow and arrow eventually became a bullet, and in the 1890s, that bullet evolved into the ‘dum-dum bullet,’ designed to expand on impact and inflict severe injury. Because of its potential to gravely wound combatants, The Hague Convention of 1899 prohibited the use of the dum-dum bullet in international warfare.A century later, landmines, designed to maim and injure, rather than kill, were deemed indiscriminate weapons with potential to inflict serious injury. After a high-profile campaign waged by a coalition of non-governmental …

Regulation Of Osteogenic Differentiation Of Placental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells By Insulin-Like Growth Factors And Low Oxygen Tension, Amer Youssef, Victor K. M. Han

Paediatrics Publications

Placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate in vitro to multiple lineages, including bone. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs, IGF-1 and IGF-2) participate in maintaining growth, survival, and differentiation of many stem cells, including osteoprogenitors. Low oxygen tension (PO2) can maintain stem cell multipotency and impede osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we investigated whether PMSC osteogenic differentiation is influenced by low PO2 and by IGFs. Our results indicated that low PO2 decreased osteogenic markers RUNX2 and OPN; however, re-exposure to higher oxygen tension (room air) restored differentiation. IGFs, especially IGF-1, triggered an earlier expression of RUNX2 and …

Therapeutic And Prognostic Implications Of Braf V600e In Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas., Alvaro Lassaletta, Michal Zapotocky, Matthew Mistry, Vijay Ramaswamy, Marion Honnorat, Rahul Krishnatry, Ana Guerreiro Stucklin, Nataliya Zhukova, Anthony Arnoldo, Scott Ryall, Catriona Ling, Tara Mckeown, Jim Loukides, Ofelia Cruz, Carmen De Torres, Cheng-Ying Ho, Roger J Packer, Ruth Tatevossian, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Julie H Harreld, James D Dalton, Jean Mulcahy-Levy, Nicholas Foreman, Matthias A Karajannis, Shiyang Wang, Matija Snuderl, Amulya Nageswara Rao, Caterina Giannini, Mark Kieran, Keith L Ligon, Maria Luisa Garre, Paolo Nozza, Samantha Mascelli, Alessandro Raso, Sabine Mueller, Theodore Nicolaides, Karen Silva, Romain Perbet, Alexandre Vasiljevic, Cécile Faure Conter, Didier Frappaz, Sarah Leary, Courtney Crane, Aden Chan, Ho-Keung Ng, Zhi-Feng Shi, Ying Mao, Elizabeth Finch, David Eisenstat, Bev Wilson, Anne Sophie Carret, Peter Hauser, David Sumerauer, Lenka Krskova, Valerie Larouche, Adam Fleming, Shayna Zelcer, Nada Jabado, James T Rutka, Peter Dirks, Michael D Taylor, Shiyi Chen, Ute Bartels, Annie Huang, David W Ellison, Eric Bouffet, Cynthia Hawkins, Uri Tabori

Paediatrics Publications

Purpose BRAF V600E is a potentially highly targetable mutation detected in a subset of pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs). Its biologic and clinical effect within this diverse group of tumors remains unknown.

Patients and Methods A combined clinical and genetic institutional study of patients with PLGGs with long-term follow-up was performed (N = 510). Clinical and treatment data of patients with BRAF V600E mutated PLGG (n = 99) were compared with a large international independent cohort of patients with BRAF V600E mutated-PLGG (n = 180).

Results BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 69 of 405 patients (17%) with PLGG across a …

Activating Transcription Factor 3 Promotes Loss Of The Acinar Cell Phenotype In Response To Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis In Mice, Elena N Fazio, Claire C Young, Jelena Toma, Michael Levy, Kurt R Berger, Charis L Johnson, Rashid Mehmood, Patrick Swan, Alphonse Chu, Sean P Cregan, F Jeffrey Dilworth, Christopher J Howlett, Christopher L Pin

Paediatrics Publications

Pancreatitis is a debilitating disease of the exocrine pancreas that, under chronic conditions, is a major susceptibility factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although down-regulation of genes that promote the mature acinar cell fate is required to reduce injury associated with pancreatitis, the factors that promote this repression are unknown. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a key mediator of the unfolded protein response, a pathway rapidly activated during pancreatic insult. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing, we show that ATF3 is bound to the transcriptional regulatory regions of >30% of differentially expressed genes during the initiation of pancreatitis. …

The Relationship Between Paediatric Practitioners And ‘Industry’, Susan Albersheim, Kevin Coughlin

Paediatrics Publications

Paediatric practitioners interact with industry representatives for many purposes but most often to receive information on new and existing products. While practitioners believe they are immune to the marketing influences exerted by these representatives, research has demonstrated otherwise. The literature suggests that the public is aware of such influences and that most people feel industry influence on practitioners is inappropriate. National guidelines go some way toward regulating practitioner–industry interactions, although they are not always clear or sufficient. The present practice point explores the context for these relationships, raises some ethical issues specific to paediatric practitioners and provides recommendations for maintaining …

Calgary, Edmonton And The University Of Alberta: The Extraordinary Medical Mobilization By Canada's Newest Province., Mark Dacambra, Vivian Mcalister

Data and Test Instruments

The Canadian contribution of medical services to the British Empire during the First World War was a national endeavour. Physicians from across the country enlisted in local regiments to join. No other region provided more physicians per capita than the newly formed province of Alberta. Largely organized through the Medical School of the University of Alberta, the No. 11 Canadian Field Ambulance out of Edmonton and the No. 8 Canadian Field Ambulance out of Calgary ultimately enlisted between one-third and half of the province's doctors to the war campaign. Many individuals from this region distinguished themselves, including LCol J.N. Gunn …

Continuing A Long Tradition: The Canadian Journal Of Surgery At 60., Vivian Mcalister, Edward Harvey

Data and Test Instruments

As 2017 marks the 60th anniversary of theCanadian Journal of Surgery, its editors in chief take a look back at the history leading to the creation of the journal and at howCJSmaintains its original partnerships in order to continue its mission. Organized surgery has existed in Canada for more than 3 centuries. TheCJSis the longest surviving of more than 20 journals reporting surgical endeavours. The editors rededicate its mission to the highest standard possible.

Spatial And Temporal Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cell Heterogeneity Impacts Maraba Virus Oncolytic Potential, Jessica G. Tong, Yudith Ramos Valdes, Milani Sivapragasam, John W. Barrett, John C. Bell, David Stojdl, Gabriel E. Dimattia, Trevor G. Shepherd

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer exhibits extensive interpatient and intratumoral heterogeneity, which can hinder successful treatment strategies. Herein, we investigated the efficacy of an emerging oncolytic, Maraba virus (MRBV), in an in vitro model of ovarian tumour heterogeneity. Methods: Four ovarian high-grade serous cancer (HGSC) cell lines were isolated and established from a single patient at four points during disease progression. Limiting-dilution subcloning generated seven additional subclone lines to assess intratumoral heterogeneity. MRBV entry and oncolytic efficacy were assessed among all 11 cell lines. Low-density receptor (LDLR) expression, conditioned media treatments and co-cultures were performed to determine factors impacting MRBV oncolysis. …

Growth And Weight Gain In Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Results From The Reacch-Out Cohort., Jaime Guzman, Tristan Kerr, Leanne M Ward, Jinhui Ma, Kiem Oen, Alan M Rosenberg, Brian M Feldman, Gilles Boire, Kristin Houghton, Paul Dancey, Rosie Scuccimarri, Alessandra Bruns, Adam M Huber, Karen Watanabe Duffy, Natalie J Shiff, Roberta A Berard, Deborah M Levy, Elizabeth Stringer, Kimberly Morishita, Nicole Johnson, David A Cabral, Maggie Larché, Ross E Petty, Ronald M Laxer, Earl Silverman, Paivi Miettunen, Anne-Laure Chetaille, Elie Haddad, Lynn Spiegel, Stuart E Turvey, Heinrike Schmeling, Bianca Lang, Janet Ellsworth, Suzanne E Ramsey, Johannes Roth, Sarah Campillo, Susanne Benseler, Gaëlle Chédeville, Rayfel Schneider, Shirley M L Tse, Roxana Bolaria, Katherine Gross, Debbie Feldman, Bonnie Cameron, Roman Jurencak, Jean Dorval, Claire Leblanc, Claire St Cyr, Michele Gibbon, Rae S M Yeung, Ciarán M Duffy, Lori B Tucker

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: With modern treatments, the effect of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) on growth may be less than previously reported. Our objective was to describe height, weight and body mass index (BMI) development in a contemporary JIA inception cohort.

METHODS: Canadian children newly-diagnosed with JIA 2005-2010 had weight and height measurements every 6 months for 2 years, then yearly up to 5 years. These measurements were used to calculate mean age- and sex-standardized Z-scores, and estimate prevalence and cumulative incidence of growth impairments, and the impact of disease activity and corticosteroids on growth.

RESULTS: One thousand one hundred forty seven children …

Accurate Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Through Automated Dicentric Chromosome Curation And Metaphase Cell Selection, Jin Liu, Yanxin Li, Ruth Wilkins, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Joan H. Knoll, Peter Rogan

Biochemistry Publications

Accurate digital image analysis of abnormal microscopic structures relies on high quality images and on minimizing the rates of false positive (FP) and negative objects in images. Cytogenetic biodosimetry detects dicentric chromosomes (DCs) that arise from exposure to ionizing radiation, and determines radiation dose received based on DC frequency. Improvements in automated DC recognition increase the accuracy of dose estimates by reclassifying FP DCs as monocentric chromosomes or chromosome fragments. We also present image segmentation methods to rank high quality digital metaphase images and eliminate suboptimal metaphase cells. A set of chromosome morphology segmentation methods selectively filtered out FP DCs …

A Population-Based Study Of Communicative Participation In Preschool Children With Speech-Language Impairments, Barbara Jane Cunningham, Steven E. Hanna, Bruce Oddson, Nancy Thomas-Stonell, Peter Rosenbaum

PRECISe Preschool Speech and Language Publications

Aim. To develop statistical models of preschoolers’ communicative participation development and explore variations by level of function.

Methods. This was a secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal study of preschoolers with speech and language delays (N = 46,872, M age = 41.76, SD age = 11.92; 67% male) accessing publicly-funded services in Ontario Canada. Two measures were used: Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six (FOCUS), measuring changes in communicative participation skills, and the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS), classifying communication function into one of five levels. We used mixed effects modeling to fit growth curves for …

Heterozygous De Novo Ubtf Gain-Of-Function Variant Is Associated With Neurodegeneration In Childhood., Simon Edvardson, Claudia M Nicolae, Pankaj B Agrawal, Cyril Mignot, Katelyn Payne, Asuri Narayan Prasad, Chitra Prasad, Laurie Sadler, Caroline Nava, Thomas E Mullen, Amber Begtrup, Berivan Baskin, Zöe Powis, Avraham Shaag, Boris Keren, George-Lucian Moldovan, Orly Elpeleg

Paediatrics Publications

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed from rDNA by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) to produce the 45S precursor of the 28S, 5.8S, and 18S rRNA components of the ribosome. Two transcription factors have been defined for Pol I in mammals, the selectivity factor SL1, and the upstream binding transcription factor (UBF), which interacts with the upstream control element to facilitate the assembly of the transcription initiation complex including SL1 and Pol I. In seven unrelated affected individuals, all suffering from developmental regression starting at 2.5-7 years, we identified a heterozygous variant, c.628G>A in UBTF, encoding p.Glu210Lys in UBF, which …

Cooperation Not Competition: Bihemispheric Tdcs And Fmri Show Role For Ipsilateral Hemisphere In Motor Learning, Sheena Waters, Tobias Wiestler, Jörn Diedrichsen

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

What is the role of ipsilateral motor and premotor areas in motor learning? One view is that ipsilateral activity suppresses contralateral motor cortex and, accordingly, that inhibiting ipsilateral regions can improve motor learning. Alternatively, the ipsilateral motor cortex may play an active role in the control and/or learning of unilateral hand movements. We approached this question by applying double-blind bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over both contralateral and ipsilateral motor cortex in a between-group design during 4 d of unimanual explicit sequence training in human participants. Independently of whether the anode was placed over contralateral or ipsilateral motor cortex, …