Medicine and Health Sciences | Open Access Articles

Corrigendum To: Erbium-Based Perfusion Contrast Agent For Small-Animal Microvessel Imaging (Contrast Media And Molecular Imaging (2017) 2017 (7368384) Doi: 10.1155/2017/7368384), Justin J. Tse, P. Joy Dunmore-Buyze, Maria Drangova, David W. Holdsworth

Bone and Joint Institute

Copyright © 2018 Justin J. Tse et al. In the article titled "Erbium-Based Perfusion Contrast Agent for Small-Animal Microvessel Imaging" [1], there were errors in the scale bars in Figure 3, which should be corrected as follows: (Figure Presented).

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Intervention With Citrus Flavonoids Reverses Obesity And Improves Metabolic Syndrome And Atherosclerosis In Obese Ldlr / Mice, Amy C. Burke, Brian G. Sutherland, Dawn E. Telford, Marisa R. Morrow, Cynthia G. Sawyez, Jane Y. Edwards, Maria Drangova, Murray W. Huff

Bone and Joint Institute

Copyright © 2018 Burke et al. Obesity and its associated metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk represent a leading cause of adult morbidity worldwide. Currently available pharmacological therapies for obesity have had limited success in reversing existing obesity and metabolic dysregulation. Previous prevention studies demonstrated that the citrus flavonoids, naringenin and nobiletin, protect against obesity and metabolic dysfunction in Ldlr/ mice fed a high-fat cholesterol-containing (HFHC) diet. However, their effects in an intervention model are unknown. In this report, we show that, in Ldlr/ mice with diet-induced obesity, citrus flavonoid supplementation to a HFHC diet reversed existing obesity and adipocyte …

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Appraisal Of: Management Of Neck Pain And Associated Disorders: A Clinical Practice Guideline From The Ontario Protocol For Traffic Injury Management (Optima) Collaboration, Saravanan Esakki, Joy C. Macdermid

Bone and Joint Institute

No abstract provided.

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Pain-Quilt: A User-Friendly Tool For The Self-Report And Tracking Of Pain, Chitra Lalloo, Joy Macdermid

Bone and Joint Institute

No abstract provided.

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Psychometric Properties Of The Zephyr Bioharness Device: A Systematic Review, Goris Nazari, Pavlos Bobos, Joy C. Macdermid, Kathryn E. Sinden, Julie Richardson, Ada Tang

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Technological development and improvements in Wearable Physiological Monitoring devices, have facilitated the wireless and continuous field-based monitoring/capturing of physiologic measures in healthy, clinical or athletic populations. These devices have many applications for prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders, assuming reliable and valid data is collected. The purpose of this study was to appraise the quality and synthesize findings from published studies on psychometric properties of heart rate measurements taken with the Zephyr Bioharness device. Methods: We searched the Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, PuMed and Google Scholar databases to identify articles. Articles were appraised for quality using …

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Influence Of Crown Design And Material On Chipping-Resistance Of All-Ceramic Molar Crowns: An In Vitro Study, Majed Alsarani, Grace De Souza, Amin Rizkalla, Omar El-Mowafy

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2018 by Wroclaw Medical University and Polish Dental Society. Background. All-ceramic restorations have become popular and the trend is ongoing. However, the incidence of chipping within the veneering layer has been a commonly reported failure in clinical practice. Objectives. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of ceramic crown design (monolithic vs bi-layered) and material on the chipping resistance of molar crowns submitted to compressive cyclic loading. Material and methods. Fifty identical epoxy resin replicas of a mandibular first molar with crown preparation were divided into 5 groups (n = 10) as follows: the …

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Biomechanical Analysis Using Fea And Experiments Of Metal Plate And Bone Strut Repair Of A Femur Midshaft Segmental Defect, Jason Coquim, Joseph Clemenzi, Mohsen Salahi, Abdurahman Sherif, Pouria Tavakkoli Avval, Suraj Shah, Emil H. Schemitsch, Z. Shaghayegh Bagheri, Habiba Bougherara, Radovan Zdero

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2018 Jason Coquim et al. This investigation assessed the biomechanical performance of the metal plate and bone strut technique for fixing recalcitrant nonunions of femur midshaft segmental defects, which has not been systematically done before. A finite element (FE) model was developed and then validated by experiments with the femur in 15 deg of adduction at a subclinical hip force of 1 kN. Then, FE analysis was done with the femur in 15 deg of adduction at a hip force of 3 kN representing about 4 x body weight for a 75 kg person to examine clinically relevant cases, …

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Developing Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies In Orthopaedic Surgery, Kivanc Atesok, Mitsuo Ochi, Nicola Baldini, Emil Schemitsch, Meir Liebergall

Bone and Joint Institute

No abstract provided.

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Wound Irrigation Does Not Affect Healthrelated Quality Of Life After Open Fractures: Results Of A Randomized Controlled Trial, S. Sprague, B. Petrisor, K. Jeray, P. Mckay, D. Heels-Ansdell, E. Schemitsch, S. Liew, G. Guyatt, S. D. Walter, M. Bhandari

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2018 Sprague et al. Aims The Fluid Lavage in Open Fracture Wounds (FLOW) trial was a multicentre, blinded, randomized controlled trial that used a 2 3 factorial design to evaluate the effect of irrigation solution (soap versus normal saline) and irrigation pressure (very low versus low versus high) on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with open fractures. In this study, we used this dataset to ascertain whether these factors affect whether HRQL returns to pre-injury levels at 12-months post-injury. Patients and Methods Participants completed the Short Form-12 (SF-12) and the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) at baseline (pre-injury recall), …

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Optimizing Outpatient Total Hip Arthroplasty: Perspectives Of Key Stakeholders, L Churchill, M Pollock, Y Lebedeva, N Pasic

Bone and Joint Institute

Background Advances in surgical techniques combined with multimodal analgesia and early rehabilitation have potentiated early mobilization in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Given an increasing push from patients to accelerate recovery and health care budgetary limitations, there has been growing interest in the implementation of outpatient THA in selected patients. Understanding the patient and primary caregiver experience of outpatient THA is important to optimize care. We aimed to gain insight into patient and caregiver perspectives regarding the perceived advantages and disadvantages of same-day discharge to identify areas of care that can be improved. Method Using a qualitative descriptive approach, …

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Validity And Internal Consistency Of The New Knee Society Knee Scoring System, Se Culliton, Dm Bryant, Sj Macdonald, Kathryn Hibbert

Bone and Joint Institute

BackgroundIn 2012, a new Knee Society Knee Scoring System (KSS) was developed and validated to address the needs for a scoring system that better encompasses the expectations, satisfaction, and physical involvement of a younger, more active population of patients undergoing TKA. Revalidating this tool in a separate population by individuals other than the developers of the scoring system seems important, because such replication would tend to confirm the generalizability of this tool.Questions/purposesThe purposes of this study were (1) to validate the KSS using a separate sample of patients undergoing primary TKA; and (2) to evaluate the internal consistency of the …

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Human Neuroimaging Reveals The Subcomponents Of Grasping, Reaching And Pointing Actions., Cristiana Cavina-Pratesi, Jason D Connolly, Simona Monaco, Teresa D Figley, A David Milner, Thomas Schenk, Jody C Culham

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Although the neural underpinnings of visually guided grasping and reaching have been well delineated within lateral and medial fronto-parietal networks (respectively), the contributions of subcomponents of visuomotor actions have not been explored in detail. Using careful subtraction logic, here we investigated which aspects of grasping, reaching, and pointing movements drive activation across key areas within visuomotor networks implicated in hand actions. For grasping tasks, we find activation differences based on the precision required (fine > coarse grip: anterior intraparietal sulcus, aIPS), the requirement to lift the object (grip + lift > grip: aIPS; dorsal premotor cortex, PMd; and supplementary motor area, SMA), …

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Cross-Script Orthographic And Phonological Preview Benefits, Olessia Jouravlev, Debra Jared

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The present experiment examined the use of parafoveally presented first-language (LI) orthographic and phonological codes during reading of second-language (L2) sentences in proficient Russian-English bilinguals. Participants read English sentences containing a Russian preview word that was replaced by the English target word when the participant’s eyes crossed an invisible boundary located before the preview word. The use of English and Russian allowed us to manipulate orthographic and phonological preview effects independently of one another. The Russian preview words overlapped with English target words in (a) orthography (ВЕЛЮР [vʲɪˈlʲʉr]–BERRY), (b) phonology (БЛАНК [blank]–BLOOD), or (c) had no orthographic or phonological overlap …

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Registered Reports: Introducing A New Article Format In Developmental Science, Daniel Ansari, Judit Gervain

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

No abstract provided.

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Understanding The Effects Of Education Through The Lens Of Biology, H Moriah Sokolowski, Daniel Ansari

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Early educational interventions aim to close gaps in achievement levels between children. However, early interventions do not eliminate individual differences in populations and the effects of early interventions often fade-out over time, despite changes of the mean of the population immediately following the intervention. Here, we discuss biological factors that help to better understand why early educational interventions do not eliminate achievement gaps. Children experience and respond to educational interventions differently. These stable individual differences are a consequence of biological mechanisms that support the interplay between genetic predispositions and the embedding of experience into our biology. Accordingly, we argue that …

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Recording Neuronal Activity Using Miniscopes, Brainscan , Western University, Marco Prado, Sylvian Williams, Vania Prado, Salah El Mestikawy

Project Summaries

Our overarching goal is to understand how the striatum can select between competing options to favor goal-directed behaviors or the establishment of habitual control. This will provide fundamental and transformational insights into the regulation of cognitive functions by co-transmission.

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Investigating Vta, Snc And Dopamine Projections In The Brain Using Mri, Brainscan , Western University, Penny Macdonald, Ali Khan, Adrian Owen, Ravi Menon

Project Summaries

By using a multi-modal imaging approach - combining a number of different imaging techniques - we will seek to understand the dopaminergic pathways of the brain. While all neurons depend on neurotransmitters such as dopamine to communicate (since neurotransmitters are responsible for transmitting signals between neurons in the brain), very few neurons actually produce dopamine.

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Characterizing Auditory Cortical Receptive Fields, Brainscan , Western University, Ingrid Johnsrude, Alex Billig, Matthew A. Howard Iii, David Steven, Jorge Burneo

Project Summaries

Through this research we have a unique opportunity to explore how auditory cortices respond to naturalistic stimuli and how that response changes with different tasks. This foundational work is critical if we are to understand abnormality in auditory cortices in disorders such as autism, specific language impairment, auditory processing disorders and prolonged auditory deprivation (due to hearing loss).

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State-Of-The-Art Clinical Assessment Of Hand Function, Brainscan , Western University, Joern Diedrichsen, Naveed Ejaz, John W. Krakauer, Kevin Olds, Robert Teasell, Neil Duggal, Andrew Pruszynski

Project Summaries

We have assembled a multi-disciplinary team of engineers, surgeons, clinicians and neuroscientists from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Western University to develop a new device for assessing hand function. It will be capable of sensitively measuring fingertip forces across all five fingers and along all movement directions. Then we can use this device to develop and validate a clinical hand assessment for patients with brain injuries.

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Single-Photon Calcium Imaging For Interrogating The Circuitry Of The Frontoparietal Cognitive Control Network, Brainscan , Western University, Stefan Everling, Ravi Menon, Liya Ma

Project Summaries

We will use miniscopes to detect activities in the frontal eye field, a brain region responsible for voluntary eye movements and perception and awareness in the field of vision. The detection of neuronal activity with calcium imaging can then be compared with the visual stimuli and eye movements expected. If successful, this project will show the feasibility of calcium imaging using miniscopes in this way and open the door for future work to expand our understanding of frontoparietal cortical circuits.

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Development Of Fmri Compatible Reversible Deactivation To Examine Cerebral Networks, Brainscan , Western University, Stephen Lomber, Blake Butler, Stefan Everling, Blaine Chronik

Project Summaries

This study will permit us, for the first time, to examine the effects of deactivation of one cortical site on large-scale neural networks. It will permit neural networks to be functionally disassembled and the consequences of 'reversible' lesions, strokes or tumors to be assessed and modeled before they occur.

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Using Automated Touchscreen Tasks For Cognitive Assessment In A Novel Model Of Parkinson's Disease, Brainscan, Western University, Flavio Henrique Beraldo De Paiva, Marco Prado, Vania Prado

Project Summaries

This research will focus specifically on evaluating cognitive flexibility (the ability to respond and adapt behaviours to changes in the environment), cognitive dysfunction (changes in the intellectual processing and reasoning that impact daily functions, to a greater severity than what might be expected from typical age-related decline) and long-term memory in a PD model using touchscreens.

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Imaging Visually-Evoked Cortical Activity, Brainscan, Western University, Blake E. Butler, Stephen Lomber, Kyle Gilbert, Mathias Dietz

Project Summaries

This work will significantly inform our understanding of 'neural plasticity', the ability of the brain to respond and reorganize to environmental changes or following an injury or disorder. It is also our hope that the results of this program will inform the design of devices to restore hearing - it might enable tuning of those devices to restore sensory representations in the brain in a patient-specific manner. We believe this will significantly reduce the impact of cognitive disorders that arise as a result of abnormal perception both in children and in older adults.

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The Impact Of Maternal Immune Activation On Fetal Brain Development, Brainscan , Western University, Stephen Renaud, Susanne Schmid

Project Summaries

We will be studying the contribution of two distinct immune cell subtypes to fetal brain development: the mother's main immune cells present in the uterus (known as uterine natural killer cells), and the fetal brain's main immune cells (fetal microglial cells).

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Evaluating Cognitive Impairment, Imaging And Blood Biomarkers In A Pre-Clinical Model Of Concussion, Brainscan, Western University, Arthur Brown, Marco Prado, Rob Bartha, Ravi Menon, Mark Daley

Project Summaries

The foundational milestone for the research, that we are addressing in this project, is to demonstrate that cognitive impairments in mouse models and humans are similar by using touchscreen technology. We will also be applying fMRI and MRS analyses to mouse models since they are analogous to that used in human studies - it will help us establish relevant endpoints for the studies as part of understanding the underlying characteristics, pathways and effects of concussion.

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Genetic Manipulation Of Lactate Metabolism To Regulate Memory And Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis, Brainscan , Western University, Robert Cumming, Robert Bartha, Tim Scholl

Project Summaries

Our project will attempt to determine the relative importance of astrocyte or neuronal directed lactate generation on memory by modifying mouse models to either suppress or overexpress the lactate producing enzyme in either cell type. Using these newly created transgenic mouse models, we aim to understand the processes of production and utilization of lactate and its effect on memory and cognition in health and in AD across the lifespan. The outcome of our study may lead to entirely new clinical approaches to treating cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders via drugs which alter lactate metabolism.

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Diffusion Mri Modelling Of The Cortex Informed By Macro- And Myelo-Architecture, Brainscan , Western University, Ali Khan, Corey Baron

Project Summaries

The overall goal of this transformative program is to develop novel imaging and analysis techniques for evaluating cortical architecture, providing a means to characterize and quantify structural features that have been invisible to MRI until now.

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The Role Of The Basolateral Amygdala In Gaze Avoidance Behaviour, Brainscan , Western University, Julio Martinez-Trujillo, Lena Palaniyappan, Robert Nicolson

Project Summaries

We are researching the neural circuits involved in human social interactions and how they are affected during mental disease, in particular the circuits involved in the pattern of eye movements (known as gaze behaviour) in social settings.

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System-Wide Electrophysiological Assessment Of Hearing, Brainscan , Western University, Ingrid Johnsrude, Björn Herrman, Chris Allen

Project Summaries

The current work proposes to develop and evaluate an electrophysiological recording setup capable of assessing neural function at all levels of the auditory neural pathway, including hair cells, auditory nerve fibers, brainstem and cortex. We will then test the neural responses across those levels of the auditory pathway in younger and older people.

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Neurocognitive, Genetic And Environmental Risk Factors Of Learning Disorders In Children, Brainscan , Western University, Marc Joanisse, Daniel Ansari, Lisa Archibald, Elizabeth Hayden, Janis Oram Cardy, Ryan Stevenson, Jeffrey Gruen

Project Summaries

Our research has already uncovered a range of behavioural and neural factors that can differentiate between children whose development is impaired and those whose development is progressing typically. Intriguingly, our recent findings have also suggested that multiple learning disorders are often present in children with general cognitive difficulties like autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. However, a common feature of research in this area is that of a ‘distinct syndrome’ approach, only studying childhood disabilities separately.

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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Corrigendum To: Erbium-Based Perfusion Contrast Agent For Small-Animal Microvessel Imaging (Contrast Media And Molecular Imaging (2017) 2017 (7368384) Doi: 10.1155/2017/7368384), Justin J. Tse, P. Joy Dunmore-Buyze, Maria Drangova, David W. Holdsworth

Bone and Joint Institute

Intervention With Citrus Flavonoids Reverses Obesity And Improves Metabolic Syndrome And Atherosclerosis In Obese Ldlr / Mice, Amy C. Burke, Brian G. Sutherland, Dawn E. Telford, Marisa R. Morrow, Cynthia G. Sawyez, Jane Y. Edwards, Maria Drangova, Murray W. Huff

Bone and Joint Institute

Appraisal Of: Management Of Neck Pain And Associated Disorders: A Clinical Practice Guideline From The Ontario Protocol For Traffic Injury Management (Optima) Collaboration, Saravanan Esakki, Joy C. Macdermid

Bone and Joint Institute

Pain-Quilt: A User-Friendly Tool For The Self-Report And Tracking Of Pain, Chitra Lalloo, Joy Macdermid

Bone and Joint Institute

Psychometric Properties Of The Zephyr Bioharness Device: A Systematic Review, Goris Nazari, Pavlos Bobos, Joy C. Macdermid, Kathryn E. Sinden, Julie Richardson, Ada Tang

Bone and Joint Institute

Influence Of Crown Design And Material On Chipping-Resistance Of All-Ceramic Molar Crowns: An In Vitro Study, Majed Alsarani, Grace De Souza, Amin Rizkalla, Omar El-Mowafy

Bone and Joint Institute

Bone and Joint Institute

Developing Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies In Orthopaedic Surgery, Kivanc Atesok, Mitsuo Ochi, Nicola Baldini, Emil Schemitsch, Meir Liebergall

Bone and Joint Institute

Wound Irrigation Does Not Affect Healthrelated Quality Of Life After Open Fractures: Results Of A Randomized Controlled Trial, S. Sprague, B. Petrisor, K. Jeray, P. Mckay, D. Heels-Ansdell, E. Schemitsch, S. Liew, G. Guyatt, S. D. Walter, M. Bhandari

Bone and Joint Institute

Optimizing Outpatient Total Hip Arthroplasty: Perspectives Of Key Stakeholders, L Churchill, M Pollock, Y Lebedeva, N Pasic

Bone and Joint Institute

Validity And Internal Consistency Of The New Knee Society Knee Scoring System, Se Culliton, Dm Bryant, Sj Macdonald, Kathryn Hibbert

Bone and Joint Institute

Human Neuroimaging Reveals The Subcomponents Of Grasping, Reaching And Pointing Actions., Cristiana Cavina-Pratesi, Jason D Connolly, Simona Monaco, Teresa D Figley, A David Milner, Thomas Schenk, Jody C Culham

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Cross-Script Orthographic And Phonological Preview Benefits, Olessia Jouravlev, Debra Jared

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Registered Reports: Introducing A New Article Format In Developmental Science, Daniel Ansari, Judit Gervain

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Understanding The Effects Of Education Through The Lens Of Biology, H Moriah Sokolowski, Daniel Ansari

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Recording Neuronal Activity Using Miniscopes, Brainscan , Western University, Marco Prado, Sylvian Williams, Vania Prado, Salah El Mestikawy

Project Summaries

Investigating Vta, Snc And Dopamine Projections In The Brain Using Mri, Brainscan , Western University, Penny Macdonald, Ali Khan, Adrian Owen, Ravi Menon

Project Summaries

Characterizing Auditory Cortical Receptive Fields, Brainscan , Western University, Ingrid Johnsrude, Alex Billig, Matthew A. Howard Iii, David Steven, Jorge Burneo

Project Summaries

State-Of-The-Art Clinical Assessment Of Hand Function, Brainscan , Western University, Joern Diedrichsen, Naveed Ejaz, John W. Krakauer, Kevin Olds, Robert Teasell, Neil Duggal, Andrew Pruszynski

Project Summaries

Single-Photon Calcium Imaging For Interrogating The Circuitry Of The Frontoparietal Cognitive Control Network, Brainscan , Western University, Stefan Everling, Ravi Menon, Liya Ma

Project Summaries

Development Of Fmri Compatible Reversible Deactivation To Examine Cerebral Networks, Brainscan , Western University, Stephen Lomber, Blake Butler, Stefan Everling, Blaine Chronik

Project Summaries

Using Automated Touchscreen Tasks For Cognitive Assessment In A Novel Model Of Parkinson's Disease, Brainscan, Western University, Flavio Henrique Beraldo De Paiva, Marco Prado, Vania Prado

Project Summaries

Imaging Visually-Evoked Cortical Activity, Brainscan, Western University, Blake E. Butler, Stephen Lomber, Kyle Gilbert, Mathias Dietz

Project Summaries

The Impact Of Maternal Immune Activation On Fetal Brain Development, Brainscan , Western University, Stephen Renaud, Susanne Schmid

Project Summaries

Evaluating Cognitive Impairment, Imaging And Blood Biomarkers In A Pre-Clinical Model Of Concussion, Brainscan, Western University, Arthur Brown, Marco Prado, Rob Bartha, Ravi Menon, Mark Daley

Project Summaries

Genetic Manipulation Of Lactate Metabolism To Regulate Memory And Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis, Brainscan , Western University, Robert Cumming, Robert Bartha, Tim Scholl

Project Summaries

Diffusion Mri Modelling Of The Cortex Informed By Macro- And Myelo-Architecture, Brainscan , Western University, Ali Khan, Corey Baron

Project Summaries

The Role Of The Basolateral Amygdala In Gaze Avoidance Behaviour, Brainscan , Western University, Julio Martinez-Trujillo, Lena Palaniyappan, Robert Nicolson

Project Summaries

System-Wide Electrophysiological Assessment Of Hearing, Brainscan , Western University, Ingrid Johnsrude, Björn Herrman, Chris Allen

Project Summaries

Neurocognitive, Genetic And Environmental Risk Factors Of Learning Disorders In Children, Brainscan , Western University, Marc Joanisse, Daniel Ansari, Lisa Archibald, Elizabeth Hayden, Janis Oram Cardy, Ryan Stevenson, Jeffrey Gruen

Project Summaries